高中英语Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world 2牛津版必修四

Unit 3 Tomorrows world (2)I 词语辨析1、come across / meet with / run into：均可以解释为：遇到、不期而遇come across：偶然遇见、碰上e.g. I came across an old friend of mine on the street the other day.While reading, she came across some interesting words.meet with：1) 一般指经历、遭受“困难”，后接抽象名词；e.g. meet with an accident; meet with bad weather;meet with failure; meet with ones refusal但也可说：meet with success; meet with ones approval2) 也可指“和会晤”；e.g. The manager met with the candidates to decide how to settle the problem.The two foreigners met with our principal and had a talk.当解释为“不期而遇”时，可与come across互用。run into：1）无意间碰到e.g. She ran into her former husband and they talked.Oh, I run into him now and then.2) 撞上、和相撞e.g. Lost in thought, he nearly ran into a tree.The boy ran into a car and was sent to hospital at once.3) 陷入（困难）e.g. Our company has run into financial difficulties.It is childish to run into danger for nothing.2、question / askquestion：vt. (正式的)询问、盘问、提问、审问；怀疑e.g. The teacher questioned the children on verbs.The police were questioning the witnesses.I question that he can run a marathon in two hours.ask：（一般的）询问、请求、邀请e.g. I will ask you about the text tomorrow.Mother asked me to go to school at once.She asked me to dinner and I accepted it.3、novel / fictionnovel：（长篇）小说，与short story相对应，可以是完全杜撰的，也可以是有一定的事实根据而创作的文学作品。e.g. a detective novel, a historical novel, a popular novel,fiction：（杜撰的、虚构的）小说、故事。e.g. a science fiction, romantic fiction, a detective fiction4、journey / trip / travel / voyagejourney：(c.n.) (长途陆路)旅行，旅程，行程e.g. take a journey to ：前往make a journey around the world：作环球旅行have a good / pleasant journey：一路顺风、一路平安I wish you a pleasant journey.I spent all the money on the journey.The young man is on his first journey to Beijing.trip：(c.n.) 时间短、距离近的旅行，来回走一次可称为“a trip”。e.g. make a round-trip：跑个来回a trip around the world：周游世界make / take a trip to England：去英国旅行I will be on a business trip to the USA.I have made three trips to the teachers office.tour：(c.n.) 周游，(以观光为目的的)旅行、游历e.g. a around-the-world tour：环球观光旅行a guided tour：有导游带领的游览make a tour of ：游览Our American friends are making a tour of S：指到国外或遥远的地方旅行1）单数时，是抽象名词，指“旅行”这一抽象概念，没有明确的目的地。e.g. We are all fond of travel.At present, group travel is encouraged.He will set out on another air travel to Hong Kong.2）复数时，通常指具体的旅行。e.g. He came back from his travels to the North.She bought some valuable things on her travels.3) 可用作动词，作“旅行、传送”解e.g. I like traveling. How about you?We travel to work every day.Light travels 300, 000kms a second.voyage：C 海上的航行、太空旅行e.g. go on a voyage, take / make a voyageThe voyage from England to India used to take over 6 months.She fell ill during the voyage and had to be sent away by a helicopter.5、announce / declareannounce：指正式地“公开”、“发表”、“宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情。e.g. announce a wedding in the papersFootsteps announce his return.常用以下结构：announce (to sb) sth/ that 或 It is announced that e.g. Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.The news was announced to the public on TV.It was announced that would be a celebration on May 4.declare：指正式和明确地向公众“宣布”、“宣告”、“声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。e.g. The two countries declared war.They declared against / for the new policy.declare还可用：declare sb. / sth. to be 句型。e.g. They declared him (to be) a traitor to the country.The Chairman declared the meeting closed.6、power / strength / force / energy：都有“力量”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power：电力，动力； 权力；e.g. electric / water power：电力/ 水力political power：政权；come into power：上台，执政；in power：执政strength：指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，作：“体力，力气”解。e.g. She doesnt have enough strength to walk upstairs.At last my strength gave out.The boy gathered all his strength and stood up.force 见“重点词语和句型10”energy “能量”“能源”，用于人时指“精力”e.g. the solar energy ：太阳能He is always full of energy as though he never knew tiredness.II 重点词语和句型1、close down：关闭、歇业、倒闭e.g. The factory closed down for Christmas.When we arrived, they were closing down.We will close down soon. It is hard to do business these days.2、industry：n. 1）行业(c.)e.g. practise an industry 经营一个行业the tourist industry：旅游业2）工业（u.c.），某类工业 (c.)e.g. The country is supported by industry.Both heavy and light industries are necessary for people.Tourism is a new industry.3) 勤劳、勤奋(u.c.)e.g. One cant succeed without industry.A persons success lies in his / her industry.industrial：工业的， e.g. an industrial country3、criticize（criticize）：批评、指摘；提意见e.g. You criticized her in an unfair way.The public criticized the Prime Minister for his speech.She criticized her husband for being lazy.Would you please read and criticize my new book?criticism:：n. 批评、指摘；评论、意见e.g. I always think that criticism is helpful.I am open to any criticisms.4、fade：vi. / vt. 退色、使退色；（青春等）逝去e.g. The coat faded when washed, so Id like to have it changed.The sun faded all my curtains as well as the wallpaper.Her beauty faded, and she is no longer young.vi. (声音、光线等有强)变弱、淡，常与away连用。e.g. The sound of the jet plane faded away in the distance.His memory faded with age.5、-free: 无的、免除的e.g. power-free：不用电的a disease free old man：没有毛病的老人a worry-free child：无忧无虑的孩子This is an ice-free harbor.这是个不冻港。free of： 没有的，e.g. free of charge / duty / rent：免费 / 免税 / 免租free from sth：免于的(后接导致不良后果的名词)e.g. free from danger / pain / trouble / disease / difficultyThis district is free from rats and harmful insects.6、thrill：vi. / vt.(因快乐、恐怖、兴奋等而)心情激动、热血沸腾e.g. The film thrilled all the audience, some even screamed.The appearance of Jackie on the stage thrilled many girls.thrilled：兴奋的、狂喜的，常用：be thrilled with / at / to ：因而兴奋、心情激动、热血沸腾e.g. I was thrilled to ride in so fast a car.She was thrilled with terror when she saw the dark figure on the wall.7、rescue：vt. （从危险境地）救出、营救，与from连用。e.g. The soldier rescued a boy from drowning.The firemen rescued some children from the burning building.n. 救助、营救e.g. a rescue team：营救队come / go to ones rescue：来/去营救8、guide：vt. (为人)带路、向导；指导人；（思想、感情等）支配人e.g. He guided the tourist party through the park.A dog guided the blind man along the road.A good teacher should often guide his students in their studies.Passion guided him at the moment.n. 导游、向导，路标e.g. You need a guide if you want to climb over the mountain.Pay attention to the road guides while driving.guide dog：导盲犬； a guidebook：旅游指南； a guided tour：有导游的观光旅游9、per：每、每个，后接名词单数，如：per day：每天；per hour：每小时；per cent美分 / 百分比能表示“每个”的词还有：“a”、“every”、“each”等。e.g. He works ten hour per / a / every / each day.但只有every还可表示“每隔”。e.g. He came here every two weeks.Please take the medicine every six hours.Every few hundred meters along the Great Wall, there is a watch tower.10、force.：u.n. 1) (物理上的）力、力量e.g. the force of wind：风力；the force of the explosion：爆炸力The wind by this time had reached force ten.(风力达十级)The force of gravity makes things fall to earth.2) 影响力、效力e.g. the force of public opinion 舆论的压力the force of mind 精神力量He didnt use much of his force.3）军队，部队e.g. the air force：空军；the labor force 劳动力；the police force 警力by force 靠武力，强行e.g. He was taken away by force.force：vt. （用武力）迫使、强迫，常用句式：force sb. to do sth.e.g. The robber forced her to open the safe.I was forced to do it against my will.In those days, they were forced to work day and night.He forced the door open.11、employ：vt. 聘请（人）、雇用、使用1) employ sb. (as sb.)：聘担任e.g. He employed the girl as a typist.The country girl is employed as a babysitter.2) employ sth. (as sth.)：把用作e.g. He employs English as a tool in his work.We should employ English as a daily language.3) employ time / money in / on / for e.g. She employs most of her time (in) writing novels.Ill employ the money helping the poor.4) employ oneself in . = be employed in ：从事、忙于e.g. Mother is busily employed in cooking supper.Students should be employed in their studies.employment：n. 雇用，be in employment：受雇、有工作e.g. She is in employment in that company.unemployment：未被雇用、失业12、accuse：vt. 控告、告发、指责、谴责，常用：accuse sb. of sth.e.g. The police accused him of theft.She was accused of murder.I accused him of being late for school.accused：被告发的、被控告的e.g. The accused was proved innocent.13、sue：vt. / vi. 1) 控告、控诉（某人），与for连用，表示原因或要求。e.g. We decided to sue the company for ￥10000 damages a person.He was sued for breaking traffic rules.If you do not pay me the money, Ill sue you.She sued me for ruining the furniture.sue for：要求、请求、向求e.g. She is suing for divorce.Both sides sued for peace.14、unlike：prep. 不像e.g. She is unlike her mother, isnt she?Unlike the other boys in his class, he likes sitting alone, reading.c.f. dislike：不喜欢e.g. I dislike violent films.She dislikes meat with much fat, doesnt she?注：英语中，有许多词是加了前缀un-, dis-, im-等或后缀-less构成否定含义的，它们尽管有否定含义，但它们不是否定词，所以在反意时，仍然用否定形式。e.g. Its impossible to finish the work today, isnt it?She is helpless, isnt she?III 语法点拨： The passive voice(被动语态)主动语态改被动语态时的几个注意点：一、含有双宾语的主动语态主动语态中，有些句子的动词后面跟了双宾语，即间接宾语 + 直接宾语。把它们改为被动语态时，有两种改法：1) 把间接宾语作被动语态的主语时，只要把谓语动词改为被动式，直接宾语照跟就行。 e.g. He gave me a book. I was given a book (by him) She taught us a song. We were taught a song (by her). The teacher asked him a question. He was asked a question (by the teacher).2) 把直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，原来的间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g. He showed us some stamps. Some stamps were shown to us (by him). I wrote her a letter yesterday. A letter was written to her (by me) yesterday. She bought me a new pen. A new pen was bought for me (by her).二、主动语态中有些动词后跟省略to的复合宾语，当把它们改为被动语态时要把to补上。这类动词主要是：感官动词和使役动词，如：see, hear, notice, feel, make 等。 e.g. We saw him clean the table. He saw seen to clean the table. I often make the students do extra work.The students were often made to do extra work.三、用主动语态表被动含义用主动语态表被动含义有三种情况：1) 陈述事物的特性时：e.g. The pen writes well.This kind of car drives smoothly.2) 系动词的主动语态表示被动含义，有：smell, taste, feel, look, seem等。e.g. The fish smells delicious.The cloth feels softHis words proved (to be) wrong.3) 表示倾向性时，用主动式代被动式，常用：cant、wont + start、lock、close、open、shute.g. If the front door wont open, why not try the back door?My car wont start. Would you help me?四、get done 结构。除了be done 是被动语态外，get done也是比较典型的被动结构，get是系动词。这类结构在英语中很多，口语化很强。常见的有：get paid, get burnt,get separated, get changed, get punished, get hurt 。e.g. In the crowd I get (was) separated from my friends.Street cleaners get (are) paid by the day.五、系表结构与被动语态的区别。系表结构表示事物的状态，不表示动作；被动语态表示动作。e.g. The window is broken. (系表结构)The window was broken by (the boy). （被动语态）The mountain is covered with snow. （系表结构）The bridge was destroy by a passing ship. (被动语态)IV 巩固练习1、Dont get that ink on your new skirt, for it _ .A. wont wash outB. wont be washing C. isnt washing outD. doesnt wash out2、Jack _ to go to the teachers office though he didnt like to.A. wantedB. was wantedC. was wantingD. had wanted3、I will work in the factory that _still _ .A. is, buildingB. has been, builtC. is, being builtD. is, to be built4、Mother said she didnt mind _ alone at home.A. leftB. being leftC. leavingD. to be left5、 Where is your raincoat? Oh, it is _ behind the door.A. hungB. hangedC. hangD. hanging6、Dacron _ well and _ long.A. washes, lastsB. is washed, lastedC. washes, is lastedD. is washing, lasting7、She had to ask the neighbor for help, for the door _.A. didnt openB. wont openC. hadnt openedD. wouldnt open8、I wont go to her birthday party unless _ .A. being invitedB. to be invitedC. invitedD. having been invited9、The hostess was more friendly than _.A. we expectedB. being expectedC. to be expectedD. expected10、At last the naughty boy _ to be honest.A. was provedB. provedC. was provingD. proving11、We were most impressed _ your efficiency .A. in B. on C. with D. upon12、The Prime Minister of Great Britain _ that he would resign（辞职）.A. announced B. predicted C. reported D. circularized13、The thief who was in a red coat _ her to hand over the money.A. let B. forced C. forbade D. made14、There is a(n) _ film about a highly gifted child whose picture often appeared in the newspaper.A. special B. u