新视野大学英语读写教程2答案及课本翻译

新视野大学英语读写教程2答案及课本翻译 The First McDonalds Restaurant Even though the first McDonalds restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol. Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonalds restaurant in history.McDonalds, though, says the building should be torn down. Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonalds building design. Many people have good memories of that old McDonalds.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories. McDonalds explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey dont agree with this line of thinking, though. One woman says, I think its terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. Its a big lie. Another Downey resident remarks, I am so upset. They dont respect the public at all. They havent even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurant 1 again. McDonalds managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead. Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonalds can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonalds real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money. Modern McDonalds restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonalds restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in Downey.Later, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonalds is trying to change history, though the pany denies this. To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonalds. The McDonald brothers did. These days, a group of historians want the building to 2 be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonalds from tearing the building down. The McDonalds managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure. Everyone hopes that the McDonalds managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonalds, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away. 第一家麦当劳餐馆 虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。如今，在加州南部唐尼市，人们正努力保住历史上第一家麦当劳餐馆。然而，麦当劳却称这幢房子应该拆掉。 坐落于加州唐尼的这家餐馆建于1953年，是美国所有带双拱形金色标志的建筑中历史最久的，它的也是麦当劳最早的建筑设计。 许多人对那家老餐馆有着美好的回忆。这些人想到餐馆连同他们美好的回忆一起将被摧毁，感到很气愤。 麦当劳方面解释说，那家老店在一次地震中遭到损坏，因此必须拆掉。不过，唐尼的许多人却不同意这种说法。 有位女士说：“我认为这件事太可怕了。他们在利用那次地震作借口。这是一个极大的谎言。 另一位唐尼市居民说：“我非常难过。他们一点也不尊重公众的意见，甚至都没试着这样做。他们可以稍加修理，使它再成为一家好餐馆。” 麦当劳的经理们说餐馆设在那个位置一直在亏本。那儿没有地方可以开辟“免下车外卖窗口”，里面也没有地方安排座位。他们说，那次地震后这个餐馆就没办法修了。不过那些经理们想在其他位置按原餐馆再仿造一家。 但是房屋检修人员说该建筑是可以修理的，不过费用很高。许多人说这个费用麦当劳当然承受得起。有人认为麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的 _与金钱无关。 现代的麦当劳餐馆常常有一个牌子，声称有个叫雷克罗克的男人于1955 3 年在伊利诺伊州创办了首家麦当劳餐馆。然而事实是，克罗克先生的快餐生意实际上是从唐尼市的迪克麦当劳和麦克麦当劳那里学来的。后来克罗克先生买下了他们的餐馆。因此，尽管公司竭力否认，唐尼镇的许多人还是认为麦当劳是想篡改历史。 在当地的历史学家看来，这种解释颇有道理。有位历史学家说：“历史不容篡改。雷克罗克没有创建麦当劳。创建麦当劳的是麦氏兄弟。” 这些天来，一群历史学家希望将该处建筑列入国家历史文物保护单位名册，这样，唐尼镇就能使麦当劳免遭拆除。麦当劳的经理们非常恼火，因而将房屋弃置一旁。 人人都希望麦当劳经理们与唐尼的居民很快达成一致。房子仍在，但窗子用木板封了起来。即便如此，人们仍开车前来纪念他们的麦当劳，想抢在它被拆除前拍照留念，留下历史上的珍贵一刻。 Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads These days, lifestyles have a tendency to change so fast. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; its a whole way of living. One year, people wear hats and blue jeans; they drink white wine and eat at Japanese restaurants; for exercise they run several miles a day.The next year, however, everything has changed:women wear long skirts; people drink expensive water from France, and eat at Italian restaurants; everyone seems to be exercising at health clubs.Almost nothing in modern life gets away from the influence of fashion: food, music, exercise, books, languages, movies, furniture, and even names go in and out of fashion.The interests that people follow can change very quickly.In the United States, even people can be in or out. Americans enjoy following the lives of famous people: actors, sports heroes, well-known artists, politicians, and the like.But Americans also pay a lot of attention to people who have no special ability at all. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV advertisement in which she looked at a very small hamburger and plained loudly, Wheres the beef? These three words made her famous. Suddenly she appeared in magazines and newspapers, and on TV shows.She was immediately popular. She was in.However, this kind of fame does not last long.Such people are famous for a very short timethey are fads. What causes such fads to e and go? Although clothing designers influence fads in fashion because they want to make money, this desire for money doesnt explain fads in other areas, such as language. For example, why have teenagers in the past twenty-five years usedat 4 different timesthe words groovy or awesome in conversation instead of simply saying wonderful? Aording to an expert in popular culture, people who follow fads are not foolish or vain; they simply want to be part of something new and creative. Fads are not limited to the United States, however. Fads are mon in any country that has a strong economy (e.g. Britain, Japan, and Germany).However, in the United States, there is an additional reason for fads: most Americans seem to feel that something is wrong if there isnt frequent change in their lives. Its sometimes difficult to see the difference between a fad and a trend.A fad lasts a very short time and is not very important. A social trend, however, survives a long time and bees a true part of modern culture.The use of personal puters, for example, is a trend; a fad, on the other hand, could be the use of certain types of puter games. Who knows what changes in lifestyle will happen next? 我们不断变化的生活方式：潮流和时尚 如今，生活方式有种迅速变化的趋势。迅速变化的不仅仅只是一年流行而第二年就过时的服饰和发型，而是整个生活方式。 曾几何时，人们戴帽子，穿牛仔裤，喝白葡萄酒，到日本餐馆就餐，每天跑几英里健身。但到了第二年，所有这一切都变了：妇女们穿长裙，人们喝昂贵的法国进口水，到意大利餐馆就餐，似乎每个人都在健身俱乐部里锻炼身体。 现代生活中几乎没有什么能逃过时尚的影响：食品、音乐、运动、书籍、语言、电影、家具，甚至名字都会经历时髦或者过时的过程。人们追随的兴趣爱好会很快地改变。 在美国，甚至人也可以变得时尚或者过时。美国人喜欢追随名人的生活方式：演员、体育明星、著名艺人、政治家等。但是美国人也十分注意一点特殊才能都没有的人。比如，1981年，一位名不见经传的老妇人出现在一个电视广告里，她看着一只很小的汉堡包，大声抱怨道：“牛肉呢？” 这三个字使她成了名。一时之间，她在杂志、报纸和电视上频频亮相，一下子大受欢迎，成了时尚。但是，这种名声并不持久。这种人只是在很短的一段时间里为众人所知他们只是时尚。 是什么使这种时尚来得快也去得快？尽管时装设计师影响时装潮流为的是赚钱，但这种赚钱的欲望并不能解释其他方面的时尚，例如语言。比如，为什么青少年在过去25年里的不同时代中，谈话时使用“groovy（帅呆了）”或者“awesome（太棒了）”这样的词，而不只说“wonderful（好极了）”了呢？据一位流行文化专家说，追随时尚的人并不是愚蠢或爱慕虚荣；他们只是想成为富有创造性的新事物的一部分。 不过，时尚并不只是美国才有。任何经济强国（如英国、日本、德国）都有时尚。但是，在美国，时尚发生另有原因：大多数美国人似乎觉得，如果他们的 5 新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案 Unit 1Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief aount; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific ment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if its not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the authors humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate7.petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy: consistency/auracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial2.recovery3.auracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I dont care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, whats the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very plicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I dont remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head . I dont remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams . I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right. In brief, Im allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse! Ex.9 E-C Translation 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。 Ex.10 C-E Translation Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art. Text B The great journey of learning 2. Understanding the text D.2. A3. C4. A5. C6. B7. C 8. D 4. Words in use mysterious2. desperate3. devise 4. negotiate5. recalled 6. specifically 7. depict8. Ignorance 9. Expand 10 confusion 5. Expressions in use apply to 2. in a bid to3. end up4. speaking of 5. get hold of6. appealed to7. leaving .behind 8. focus on EX. 6 Sentence structure . even though it is important of the students to have a deep understanding of the texts, it doesnt make any sense to read texts word for word from the beginning to the end as it is a matter of little importance to us, it doesnt make much sense to argue out which is wrong or right or which is better or worse it makes no sense to pel children to obey their parents; instead, we should try to tell them what is right and what is wrong. EX. 7. II might as well have stayed at home. We might as well have taken the train home So he might as well have told me all about it . Collocation: Warm-up essential framework 2. distinctive difference3 high standards 4 valuable possessions 5 considerable frustration6 acquire knowledge7 overe deficiencies 8 sketch thoughts 9 devise a scheme Ex. 8 1 essential framework 2 proper vocabulary3 excellent control 4 language deficit 5 high standards 6 language proficiency 7 acquire knowledge 8 petent munication9 overe deficiencies 10 sketch thoughts11 effective munication 12 advanced vocabulary Unit 2 College-The ladder to suess Text A The humanities:Out of date? Reading Comprehension 1. because English or history majors are considered less petitive when the job market is shrinking, and they have to study something that can help them more easily locate their future jobs. 2. because as the tuition is climbing higher and higher, many students have run away from studying the humanities and toward “hard” skills that they think will lead to employment. 3. since more students are now taking job-oriented courses, libraries, where students of liberal arts used to study, are getting less popular than before; in contrast, labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there. 4. because this inner drive that can be either constructive or destructive is so mysterious and powerful that it has attracted many people to speculate on it. From ancient times, these men and women developed artistic “languages” in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions, which from the very foundation of civilization. 5. Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write, makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process, and, more importantly, provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you. 6. Because in modern life, an ideal capacity for establishing ones career is to have both technical knowledge and inner insight, not just one without the other. 7. “Well-rounded human beings” are those who have insight and understand the passions, hopes and dreams mon to all humanity. 8. Since many people who once studied the humanities became famous in their career, the author implies that if students spend more time studying the humanities, they could surely bee suessful in the future as well. Language focus 3 1. promotes 2. aelerate 3. mystery4. insight 5. boost 6. analysis 7. calculate 8. barriers 9. destruction 10. prospect 4 PromisingBearing HousingObjective Offend ExcludeExcess Execute IntensifyIdentity 5 1. excess 2. bearing 3. objective 4. intensify5. execute 6. promising 7. exclude8. identity 9 offend 10. housing 6. 1-5 CHDJB 6-10 LMGFA 7 1. are liable to 2. in favor of 3. is bound to 4. speculate about 5. investedwith 6. stand up for 7. in the form of8. prepared for9. in the pany of 10 in suession 9 幕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。幕课是远程迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，幕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。幕课能促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，幕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。 10 In recent years, with the development of Inter technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people to get aess to the digital virtual schools through the Inter anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible