直译和意译 英语翻译相关PPT课件

.,1,(一)Literaltranslation,freetranslation,1）Literaltranslation直译直译(Literaltranslation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法.第一位：忠于原文内容；第二位：忠于原文形式要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。第三位：通顺的译文形式。,.,2,汉译英:感：sense责任感，安全感，自卑感，优越感，Asenseofresponsibility,Asenseofsafety,Asenseofinferiority,Asenseofsuperiority,节奏感，正义感，羞耻感，幽默感，Asenseofrhythm,Asenseofjustice,Asenseofshame,Asenseofhumor,无助感，方向感，紧迫感，归属感Asenseofhopelessness,Asenseofdirection,Asenseofurgency,Asenseofbelonging,.,3,2）FeaturesofLiteraltranslationA.tobefaithfultotheoriginalideologicalcontent.Aliteraltranslatormakesgreateffortstotransplanttheoriginalwordorder,sentencestructure,etc,intheTL（targetlanguage）.B.befaithfultotheformoftheoriginalwork;ItisoflessimportancefortranslatorstomaintainasmoothTLform;鲁迅：rathertobefaithful(inthought)thansmooth(inlanguage).宁信而不顺【赵景琛：rathertobesmooth(inlanguage)thanfaithful(inthought).宁顺而不信】,.,4,注意1)Aqualifiedtranslationmustbenotonlyfaithfulinthoughtbutsmoothinlanguage,whichisabasicdemandofatranslator.2)literaltranslation&word-for-wordtranslation3)literaltranslation&deadtranslation,.,5,3）Whenshouldwedependon直译法?（1）Commoncivilizationcore,某些习语和短语的翻译,例如：coldwar冷战hotline热线hotgirlsincoolsuit,spicygirl辣妹Hot-sellingbooks热销书/畅销书blackmarket黑市pillarindustry支柱产业Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水,.,6,（2）含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译语语言。例如：1)Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。2)TheSenateForeignRelationsCommitteetodayextendedtheolivebranchtotheClintonGovernmentbypleadingforcooperationindevelopingforeignpolicy.参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝，要求在发展外交政策上合作。,.,7,3)Inthecourtaction,Alainspranghistrumpcardbycallingasurprisewitness.在法庭诉讼中，阿兰突然打出了他的王牌请出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏)4）海内存知己，天涯若比邻。Bosomfriendstherearewithinfourseas,eventheremotestregionsarelikecloseneighborsAbosomfriendafarbringsadistantlandnear.Inwinethereistruth.酒后吐真言。,.,8,（3）英语句子结构与中文较为接近时，直译能使译文显得通顺自然。例如：1)“Merry”,asyoumayknow,hastwomeanings:happyanddrunk.你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思：快乐和醉酒。2)IllalwaysrememberThanksgivingsasthetimesweategoodfood,sangold-fashionedsongs,andsharedalotoflovewithfamilyandfriends.我将永远记得，感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人朋友分享爱的时刻。,.,9,toshowonescards摊牌shuttlediplomacy穿梭外交agentlemansagreement君子协定tostrikesomebodywhenheisunprepared攻其不备Soongot,soongone.来得容易，去得快。Speechissilver,silenceisgolden.雄辩是银，沉默是金。,.,10,二、意译法freetranslation1）意译(归化法)指只忠实原文内容，不拘泥原文结构形式与修辞手法的翻译方法。信息的传递为第一位。第一位忠于原文内容第二位通顺的译文形式要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求使译文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能符合译语读者的阅读习惯和审美心理。通用、联用、惯用第三位忠于原文形式Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。,.,11,例证分析三口之家nuclearfamily三世同堂theextendedfamilywiththreegenerationsunderthesameroof.爸爸，感谢您对我们的爱，你的辛勤工作让我和妈妈衣食无忧。Deardad,thankyouforyouraffectiononus,yourhardworkalwayskeepsbreadonthetableandroofoverourhead.bread-winner,.,12,2）FeaturesoffreetranslationA.befaithfultotheoriginalideologicalcontent.B.tomaketheTLformassmoothaspossible,.,13,3）使用意译的五个条件：由于语言的差异，有时很难保持逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义，在这种情况下，就得借助意译。奈达（Nida）提出在翻译中改变形式，1）literaltranswillcausemisunderstanding；2）anadoptedexpressionhasnottakenrootintheTLsothattheTLreaderswillofferafreeinterpretation；3）acorrespondingTLformwillmaketheTLversionseriouslyvagueandgloomy；4）acorrespondingTLformwillmaketheTLversionseriouslyambiguous；5）acorrespondingTLformwillconflictwiththesociolinguisticnormoftheTLinstyle,communicativemodes,etc.,.,14,4）主要有以下几种情况需要意译：1包含典故的文化习语：英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异，需要按照汉语习惯进行表达，以避免违反文化习惯。例如：(1)Twoheadsarebetterthanone.(2)你不要班门弄斧了.Remainmodestbeforeanauthority.DontdisplayyouraxeatLuBansdoor.联想对应Dontteachafishhowtoswim.Dontteachyourgrandmotherhowtosuckeggs.,.,15,astimidasahareatastonesthrowwetlikeadrownratasstupidasagooseasstubbornasamuleseekahareinahensnestasdumbasanoyster,胆小如鼠一箭之遥湿如落汤鸡蠢得像猪犟得像牛缘木求鱼守口如瓶,.,16,leadadogslife过着牛马一样的生活cryupwineandsellvinegar挂羊头，卖狗肉putbacktheclock开倒车talkhorse吹牛killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs杀鸡取卵drinklikeafish牛饮Oncethewifeofaparson,alwaysthewifeofaparson.嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。,.,17,LastnightIheardhimdrivinghispigsintomarket.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。情人眼里出西施.Loveisblind.Lovemakesthebelovedlovelyintheloveseye.,.,18,收红包receiveglovemoney.ReceivearedenvelopewithsomemoneyinsideasaChineseNewYeargift.穿新衣PutonyourSundaybest说曹操，曹操就到。Talkofthedevilandhewillappear.老马识途。Sensecomeswithage.一花独放不是春。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.,.,19,2英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义，但是语义有所差异，必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达.例如：Everydoghashisday.人人都有得意的日子。风水轮着转。三十年河东，三十年河西。Itisalonglanethathasnoturning.Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。人多互打乱，鸡多不下蛋。Everyonesbusinessisnobodysbusiness.,.,20,beautytimesbrainsequalsaconstant”的意思为：漂亮乘以智力等于一个常数。这话意味着，一个人越漂亮，智商就越低。汉语讲究对仗美者不慧，慧者不美Themoreinloveawoman(man)iswithaman(woman),themorephysicallyattractiveshe(he)findshim(her).,.,21,3根据上下文语境，对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换。例如：chainstores连锁商店非请莫入。Staffonly.Everymanisthearchitectofhisownfate.每个人都是自己命运的主宰者。天不生人上之人，也不生人下之人。Avirtuouswifeisamansbestprize.贤惠的妻子是对一个男人最大的奖赏。妻贤夫祸少。,.,22,(1)Mymasterisdeartome,butstilldeareristhetruth.吾爱吾师,我更爱真理(2)生命诚可贵，爱情价更高，若为考研故，二者皆可抛。Loveisdearertomethanlife,butforthesakeofthesuccessinthepostgraduateentranceexaminations,bothofthemmaybeignored.,.,23,(3）Theyseemedtobeperfectlycompatible,bothintellectuallyandspiritually.他们才情并茂，精神融洽。,.,24,Therelationshipbetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation1)Bothshouldbefaithfultotheoriginalideaoftheoriginalwork.2)Literaltranslationandfreetranslationarecomplementarytoeachother3)Therearesomelimitationsforboth,.,25,直译和意译的比较：例如：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。WitsofthreecobblerscombinedequalthoseofZhuGeliang,ourmastermind.AswiseasSolomon,.,26,LiteralTranslationandFreeTranslation,例句:Italkedtohimwithbrutalfrankness.（1）我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。（逐词翻译）（2）我同他谈话时，使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。（直译）（3）我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。（意译）2.Hisirritationcouldnotwithstandthesilentbeautyofthenight.（1）他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。（逐词翻译）（2）他的烦恼经不起这宁静的良宵美景的感染。（直译）（3）面对这宁静的良宵美景，他的烦恼不禁涣然冰释了。(意译）,.,27,第二种译法（见后页）不拘泥于原文形式，处理得比较灵活。它根据上下文的意思加了一些字，把句子联结得十分自然，如在翻译时加了“雾散”，成为“云消雾散”。在第二句话的前面加了“这一带充满着”。这些意思符合原文精神实质，这种加法是容许的。第一种译法太机械了，一字对一字，不敢越出原文一步。根本原因在于对原文食而不化，没有完全吃透。,.,28,LiteralTranslationorFreeTranslation?,WhenIhadsatisfiedthefirstsharpnessofhunger,Icouldeatnomore.意译在最初的强烈饥饿感满足以后，我就再也吃不下去了。Thus,Iimagine,mustthepiousfeelcleansedonleavingtheconfes