arguementative-essay-writing.ppt

By程园、毛美玲、陈金晶、王巧巧,Argumentativeessaywriting,Page2,Thewritingprinciplesforwritinganargumentativeessay,Page3,1)WhatisargumentationorpersuasionArgumentationorpersuasionisalogicalwayofessaydevelopmentbywhichthewritertriestoconvincereadersorotherpeopleofthesoundnessofaparticularopiniononacontroversialissue.,Page4,Whatisthepurposeofwritinganargumentativeorpersuasiveessay?Argumentationisusuallyusedforthreepurposes.Onepurposeistopersuadereasonablepeopletoagreetoanopinion.Anotherissimplytodefendanopinion,toestablishitsvalidityevenifotherscannotbepersuadedtoagree.Athirdpurposeofargumentationistoopposesomeopinionyoubelievetobemisguided,untrue,orevil,withoutnecessarilyofferinganalternativeofyouropinion.However,themostcommonpurposeofwritinganargumentationorpersuasionistoconvinceorpersuadethereaders.,Page5,Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenexpositionandargumentation?Inexpositoryessays,thewritersusuallyjustpresenttheirpointofviewsandthenexplainthemasclearlyaspossible.Inotherwords,expositoryessaywritinginvolvesnothingmorethanpresentingapointofviewandprovidingevidence.Anexpositoryessaymakesknownsomethingandexplainsittomakethereaderunderstand.,Page6,Butargumentationorpersuasioninvolvesmorethanpresentingapointofviewandprovidingevidence.Argumentationisactuallyexpositionwiththeadditionalpurposeofconvincingorpersuading.,Page7,ArgumentationVS.exposition,Page8,Essentialelementsofargumentation,Theissue:aassumingcontroversy,aproblem,oranideaaboutwhichpeopledisagreeandholddifferentpointsofview.Theclaim:thepointofviewthewritertriestoimproveabouttheissue,usuallythewritersviewontheissue.Thesupport:ideasandinformationintendedtoconvincereadersthattheclaimissoundorbelieved.Thethreecommontypesofsupportarereasons,evidenceandemotionalappeal.Therefutation:recognizes/acknowledgesandarguesagainstopposingviewpoints,Page9,Therefore,whilepreparingtowriteanargumentation,weneedtojudgewhetheratopicisarguable.,Page10,Thenecessarysemanticelementsofanargumentativeessayarelikelytobeasfollows:,Propositionorintroduction(clarifyingthecontroversyandstateyourviewpoint)sufficientevidencetoconfirmyourpointofvieworrefutetheopposingviews(usingexamples,facts,statisticfindings,orpersonalexperiencesandobservation)restatementofyourthesis,Page11,Establishthenecessarypoints:,(1)introduction:yourintroductionshouldclarifythecontroversyandstateyourthesis,whichisoftencalledtheassertionorproposition.Besurethatyourpositionfocusesonacontroversialissueinadditiontoyourview.,Page12,Asample,HusbandshouldHelpwiththeHouseworkForyears，thathusbandshelpwiththehouseworkhasbeenregardedasashamefulandabnormalactwhichwentagainstChinesetraditions.However,withthedevelopmentofsocietyandadvancementofcivilization,theequalitybetweenmalesandfemalesisfurtherstressed.Consequently,peopleputforwardthathusbandshouldhelpwiththehousework.,Page13,Body:,Inthebody,thewritershouldprovidereasonstosupportthethesis.Thefirstpartofthebodyisusuallytheconfirmation.Intheconfirmation,youhavetopresentconvincingevidenceforyourthesis.Theevidencemustbeunified,adequate,specific,accurate,representativeandreasonable.Theusualsourceofevidenceconsistsofexamples,facts,expertopinions,statisticfindingsandpersonalexperiencesorobservation.,Page14,body:,Whyshouldhusbandhelpwiththehousework?Tobeginwith,eachmemberofthefamilyhastheobligationtodothehousework,andhusbandsarenoexceptions.Inthesecondplace,itisavirtueforahusbandtorelievehiswifefromendlessfamilychores.Bydoingso,bothofthemareabletostrikeabalancebetweenworkandfamily.Mostimportantly,husbandswhohelpwiththehouseworkshowasenseofresponsibilityandhencesetagoodexampletotheirchildren.Itisreportedthatfamilieswhosechoresaredonebyboththewifeandthehusbandjointlyarehappierandnoteasytobreakup.,Page15,Sinceargumentationfocusesoncontroversialissues,youshouldalsotakeopposingviewsintoaccount.Thereforeinthesecondpartofthebody,weusuallyacknowledgethegoodpointsofopposingviewsandthenrefutethedifferingviewpoints.,Page16,Determiningtheproperpatterntoorganizetheevidences,Page17,conclusion:restatementofthethesis/urgetotakeaction,Page18,conclusion:,Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemaysafelyarriveattheconclusionthathusbandsshouldhelpwiththehousework,whichcanaddhappinessandcolortofamilylife.,Page19,ThinkingaboutthelanguageuseTenses:thesimplepresenttensetopresentthepointofviewandtoprovidetheevidenceobjectively.Mood:mostclausesareinthedeclarativemoodastheauthorhastopersuadethereaderbypresentingevidence;afewclausesintheinterrogativemoodforreasoning;subjunctivemood(would,might,could,should,etc.)isalsopossiblyusedforsuppositionandgivingsuggestions.,Page20,Clausetype:usebothsimplesentencesandcomplexclauseslinkedbyconjunctionssuchas“since”,“as”,“because”,“for”,“notonlybutalso”,etc.(Askthestudentstofindtheseexpressions.)Forbeingobjective,passivevoicecanbeused.Wordsandphrases:agreetoaview;agreewithone;agreethat;acceptsth;opposesth.;objection(tosth.);claim;assert;argue;suggest(makesuggestions);infavorof;advantages;disadvantages;Mode:writtentoberead(avoidusingoralexpressions),Page21,HusbandshouldHelpwiththeHousework,Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,wehavenotonlythebasicneeds,suchasfood,clothes,waterandsoon,butalsomanyotherneedstomakeourlifecolorful.Theresnodoubtthattheyouthneedacolorfullifebadly,andhowaboutseniorcitizens?Shouldtheypursueacolorfullifeornot?AsfarasIamconcerned,seniorcitizensshouldalsopursueacolorfullife.Attheverybeginning,itstimeforthemtohaveacolorfullife.Almostalltheseniorcitizenshadaveryhardlifewhentheywereyoung.Althoughtheydidtheirbesttosupporttheirfamilies,theyhadnotexperiencedacomfort