高考英语专题总结：短文改错

高考新题型,短文改错解题方略,Contents,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练,本题满分10分，给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。,注意答题说明及答题规范,文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加（1-2个）在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除（1-2个）把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。不计分。修改（6-8个）在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（丛第11处起）不计分。,注意答题说明及答题规范,纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：考生的英语基础知识不扎实.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.,重视掌握基本的词汇和语法知识;规范使用常用的词语和习语.广泛阅读，增强语感，提高语言知识运用的准确性.做题时以句子为单位，从语篇角度把握内容,查找行文逻辑错误。错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误。改错训练和书面表达训练结合。,短文中所设的错误大部分都是所谓的“语法”错误,但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识的,而是检测考生的写作能力中的校验能力。,试题的立意特征,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,高考短文改错涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑推断和综合辨析,是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。题材以记叙文为主,题材和语言符合中学生实际;句子结构由简单句主逐渐过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错的考查的重点。,试题的情景特征,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,高考短文改错的难度、错误类型设置、文章长度通常不会有太大变化。考查会更加注重语用功能,取材范围将更广泛,并注重语言的综合运用能力。,试题的命题趋势,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,WhattypesofmistakesareusuallyinvolvedinPassageCorrecting?Whatisthemethodofcorrecting?,高考短文改错命题规律,高考短文改错命题规律,动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词短语要牢记,ALimerick（五行打油诗）,代词格，细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注,错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。,【2006安徽卷】Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.【2006安徽卷】Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.,wishes,permitted,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2006NMET】WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.【2006天津】Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.【2006四川】Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread:“Werehavingdinner.”,had,admitted,【2006陕西】IllsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.【2006湖北】.sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.【2007天津卷】InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.,got,arrive,needed,【2010四川卷】Andaftermanyattempts,shepastherdrivingtestandtoldherhusbandthat【2010四川卷】AnEnglishladywasfinallydecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.【2010重庆卷】Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.,passed,are,【2010陕西】Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup.【2011陕西】.bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneand.【2011浙江】Sheknowswhathadhappened,butshethankedme.,had,knew,【2011全国卷1】However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.【2011辽宁】InearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportsweresteady.,flew,was,【2011全国卷I】Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmellfromitwasverygood【2011重庆卷】Katia,likemanyotherRussiangirls,areniceandlively.,held,is,解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.,【2006浙江卷】YourknowledgesofEnglishcanhelpthewholeclass.【2006陕西卷】Thelibraryhasallkindsofbook.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulike.,books,knowledge,名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2006福建卷】Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.【2006陕西卷】Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.【2006重庆卷】Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.,interest,courses,sky,【2007陕西卷】Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.【2008浙江卷】Anearbycompanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressesonenvelope.Thepaywas10centsperenvelope.【2010四川卷】Infact,Ivenearlykilledthreepeoples.,lessons,envelopes,people,【2010全国卷】Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.【2011全国卷】Mybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayanotheracoupleofday.【2011四川卷】Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorning.,trouble,friends,days,【2011陕西卷】.Icameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactor.【2011浙江卷】Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.【2011辽宁卷】.therateofUFOreportswassteady,aroundthreeperweeks.,actors,cousins,week,1.修饰名词，作宾补及连系动词后用形容词；2.修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子时用副词；3.比较级和最高级的使用。,【2006福建卷】Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.【2007浙江卷】Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.,proud,happily,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2006辽宁卷】Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.【2008全国卷卷】IwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympicgames.,usually,well,【2009陕西卷】Thedoctorsaysheisrecoveringfastthanexpected.【2010辽宁卷】Shewas,infact,ratherattractively.,faster,attractive,【2010重庆卷】Still,yourhappinessmakeshimhappilytoo.【2011四川卷】Impleasingtohearit,”saidhisboss,”butwherewereyouyesterday?”,happy,pleased,【2007浙江卷】Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.【2007宁夏卷】LiMingcameseemeeveryday.,to,主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆；不定式to的遗漏或多用；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2008重庆卷】Andthereweremanymeaningfulthingsthatwereworththinkof.【2008辽宁卷】Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheywerefamiliarwith.,remembering,thinking,【2009浙江】Itwasalessonthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.【2010课标全国卷】Ontheboxwasacardsaid:“25cents.”,to,saying,【2010浙江卷】InoticedMotherlookingatthenearbytableoccupybyanelderlywoman.【2010重庆卷】Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.,occupied,to,【2011陕西卷】Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactors.【2011四川卷)】Themandidastoldandsleptreallywell,wakeupbeforethealarmhadevengoneoff.,making,waking,【2011辽宁卷】Thecommandingofficer,WayneTyler,whowasdirectlyresponsibleforthestudyofallsuchreports,decidedtomakinghisfindingsknown.,make,解决方案(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.,losemyheartsuchmanypeopleinhurryinashortinSundayafternoon,a,on,so,介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2006天津卷】Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.【2006福建卷】IhavebeentoldonemoreworkerwillbeneededthisyearandIthinkyouarefitit.【2006福建卷】Itissoabeautifulplace!,of,for,such,【2011浙江卷】Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoy.【2011陕西卷】.abouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding【2011浙江卷】TherewasoneonparticularIdalwayswanted.,of,in,解决方案(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来.,人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；物主代词，反身代词以及不定代词的误用；“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语)；Whose和whos，its和its的混淆,代词方面的错误主要体现在：,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,I,me,we,us,you,you,you,you,he,him,she,her,it,it,they,them,【2007全国I卷】Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.【2007陕西卷】JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!,mine,myself,【2008全国II卷】Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.【2011重庆卷】WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme,Ivesoongotusedtolivingwithoutmyparents.【2011全国II卷】Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.,our,mine,us,解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。,句法涉及到一致,从句多考引导词（误用，多用或遗漏）,【2007天津卷】Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnttakemybadgradesasajudgmentofmyabilities.,who/that,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2008年安徽卷】Shelookedatmeandstartedtolaugh.“Howareyoulaughing?”Iasked.【2009辽宁卷】OnedayIsawasecond-handbicycle,thatwasonlyonehundredyuan.,Why,which,【2010陕西卷】Itturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshedleftontheshelfbymistake.【2010宁夏青海卷】.letmeknowwhatthingsaregoing.,which,how,【2011辽宁卷】.therateofUFOreportsweresteady.【2011重庆卷】Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.,was,whom,【2010重庆卷】Hereismyideaabouthowafriendislike.【2010全国卷】Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.,what,what,解决方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；（2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。（3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。,冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。常考的错误形式有：冠词the,a,an的误用，多用或少用。,【2oo7全国卷II】ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool,a,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2007四川卷】AnAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.【2010陕西卷】Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit.,a,the,【2011陕西卷】Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme.【2010课标全国卷】MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS.,a,【2011全国卷2】Ifyoudliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbemorethanhappytobeyourguide.【2011浙江卷】Itwasverynicetogetyourinvitationtospendweekendwithyou.,a,the,连词常考but，and，or,so等的逻辑错误，以及搭配错误。,【2006辽宁卷】Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.,and,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2007浙江卷】TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.【2007四川卷】Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.,when,so,【2007四川卷】Heworkedhard,butitwasntsurprisingthathepasstheexam.【2010课程标准卷】myneighborpickeduptheboxbutannounced,and/so,and,【2010辽宁卷】Herhairwasblackandpurple,andsheworeblacksportsshoesandablacksweater,althoughinthesummer.【2010全国】AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.,even,and,【2011四川】Hisbosswantedtofirehimifhedidntstartcomingontime,buthewenttothedoctorforahelp.【2011全国II卷】Itsbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenowbackhome.,a,so,since,词法句法均未错,逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。,【2006四川卷】Thatnight，wesatdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant,uninterruptedmeals.,we,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2010陕西卷】Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassedasmysister,forIjustthoughtitwasfunny.【2011辽宁卷】WayneTylerdecidedtomakehisfindingsknown.Theywroteanarticle,He,but/yet/while,【2011陕西卷】Ididnthavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometoget【2011陕西卷】Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhadfinishedthesceneandtheactorcouldntbeseeneverywhere.,and/so,anywhere,【2011全国卷II】Ifyoudliketomakeatriptomycitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.Ihavetotakeupapart-timejobbecausemyfamilyisrichenough.,more,not,三步,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,通读全文，把握大意细读全文，仔细斟酌再读全文,复核审查,六原则,以在有错行改动一词为原则.以改变实词形式为原则.以单词形式变化最小为原则.以添加或删除虚词为原则.以多“改正”少“添删”为原则以保持原意不变为原则,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,四不改,标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改。,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.,2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练,IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.,less,my,them,go,went,toys,Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.,for,what,tore,could,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.,visited,so/and,comfortable,was,Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,with,taken,dishes,a,mine,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindtoryoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.InthecarparkGinanearlygotknockedoverasacardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparentsandmadeourownwaytohome.,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehi