2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Back to the past学案 牛津译林版必修3

unit 3 back to the past一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1pour vi涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)2flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3disaster n.灾难4document n.文献，文件5ceremony n.仪式，典礼6march vi.& n.前进，进发；游行7sandstorm n.沙尘暴，风沙8statue n.雕塑，雕像9historical adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的10memorial n.纪念馆，纪念碑adj.纪念的.核心词汇写其形1lecture n.讲座2found vt.兴建，创建；建立，创办3gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地4material n.材料；物质adj.物质的5nearby adj.& adv.在附近(的)6ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先7judge v.判断；审判n.法官，审判员；裁判员8destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁9ruin n.废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭10declare vt.宣布，宣称.拓展词汇通其变1decorate vt.装饰，装潢decoration n装饰，装饰品2wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n财富，财产3wooden adj.木制的wood n木料，树林4explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸，爆发5complain vi.抱怨complaint n抱怨6expression n表达；表情，神色 express vt.表达，表示7educate vt.教育education n教育，培养educator n教育者，教育家8aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的awareness n认识，意识9._remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸remain v遗留，剩余；继续存在remaining adj.剩余的10unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地11poison n毒药，毒物vt.毒害，下毒poisonous adj.有毒的12powerful adj.强有力的power n动力，权力1.“走”遍天下wander vi.漫步；闲逛pace v.踱步；缓慢而行crawl v.爬行；匍匐行进march v.行军，进军rush v.冲；奔；闯walk v.散步；步行2.“n.n.”合成词一览steamboat汽船armchair 扶手椅sandstorm 沙尘暴teamwork 协作airfield (军用)机场3.“仪式”面面观opening ceremony开幕式closing ceremony 闭幕式wedding ceremony 结婚典礼funeral (ceremony) 葬礼celebration 庆典feast/banquet 宴会(二)重点短语记牢用活1take_over夺取；接管2._under_protection受保护3turn_out结果是4break_down分解；失败；崩溃；抛锚5together_with与一起6be_divided_into被划分为7on_exhibition展出，展览8go_through穿过，通过；浏览；经受9carry_out执行，贯彻，完成，履行10in_memory_of纪念11no_doubt无疑，确实12rise_up_against起义，反抗13stand_in_ones_path阻碍(某人)14come_down_with患(病)15make_sb.aware_of让某人意识到16have_enough_of对感到厌烦17take_part_in参加18ahead_of在前面19less_than少于20declare_war_against向宣战1.“undern.”短语荟萃under protection受保护under consideration 在考虑中under construction 在建造中under control 在控制中under discussion 在讨论中under guarantee 在保修期内2.“non.”短语小结no doubt无疑，确实no wonder 难怪no way 没门，不行no hurry 不急，勿慌no problem 没问题no surprise 毫无意外3.“对感到厌烦”表达种种be/grow tired ofbe fed up withbe bored withbe sick ofhave enough of(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：介词位于句首完全倒装near_the_city_was_a_volcano.离城市不远处有一座火山。句型2：v.ing作结果状语it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。句型3：it作形式主语it_is_believed_to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人们认为，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。句型4：with宾语宾语补足语in less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with_1，177_men_on_board在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 777人都沉了下去。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1(2019全国卷)you also need to judge(判断) the quality and depth of your motivation.2the judges had different ideas about the results, so it was two hours before the results were declared(宣布)3as we all know, tsinghua university founded(成立) more than ten decades ago has developed into a worldclass university.4we stopped at the nearby(附近的) shop to buy some drinks before climbing the mountain.5a new series of simple english reading materials(材料) for middle school students has come out this year.6(2018北京卷)their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for chinese tea culture.7any remaining(remain) tickets for the concert will be sold on the door.8his confidence built up gradually(gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.9accustomed to being poor, he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy(wealth) life in a short period of time.10hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled(flee) the thief.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1it is time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.if so, he can gradually raise public moral awareness(aware)2he has a wealth of experience, and often tells us that early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.(wealth)3he got a little education because of poverty, so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)4enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength gradually,_and its really a gradual process.(gradual).选词成篇turn out; break down; together with; no doubt; take part induring the summer holiday, i, 1.together_with some students, 2.took_part_in a voluntary activity, which focused on the education of poor children.after a hard day, we were very tired and nearly 3.broke_down. however, it 4.turned_out to be effective.there was 5.no_doubt that the activity was very significant.take over; stand in ones path; come down with; rise up against; in memory ofin my hometown there was a statue set up 6.in_memory_of a brave officer who called on the villagers to 7.rise_up_against the enemy in the second world war. even when he 8.came_down_with a serious illness, he never let it 9.stand_in_his_path. it was through thick and thin that he finally helped the villagers 10.take_over the control of our town.完成句子1在泰山脚下坐落着一座美丽的城市泰安。at_the_foot_of_mount_tai_sits a beautiful citytaian.2地震袭击了他的家乡，造成600多人死亡。the earthquake struck his hometown, leaving_more_than_600_deaths3令人惊讶的是他今天早上上学迟到了。it_is_surprising_that he came late to school this morning.4他走出大厅，后面跟着一群记者。he walked out of the hall with_a_crowd_of_journalists_following_him ruinnu毁坏；常用复数废墟vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟基础练习单句语法填空(北京卷)when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)he returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had_been_ruined(ruin) in a great fire.能力提升一句多译他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。he made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)he made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途佳句背诵 a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.许多高楼在三年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方拔地而起。 remainsn遗迹；遗体；剩余物基础练习单句语法填空a.(2019天津卷)the living environment of other species will remain unchanged(change)b(四川卷)ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.it remains to_be_seen(see) whether jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.能力提升完成句子尽管他们有争吵，他们仍然是最好的朋友。in spite of their quarrel, they remain_the_best_friends (1)remain vi剩下；停留；留待；保持remain link.v.(adj./n./分词/介词短语)保持；仍然是remain to be done某事有待去做(2)remaining adj.余下的，剩下的 佳句背诵 there remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.人们对这一项目的实用价值仍抱有怀疑。(安徽卷) complainvi.抱怨；发牢骚；诉说；控诉基础练习单句语法填空(2018天津卷) the students began complaining about/of how cold it would be.in time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint(complain) to each other but understanding of each other.john is so offended that he threatens to make a complaint to their boss.能力提升完成句子一些高中学生抱怨他们没有时间阅读，因为他们有太多的家庭作业要做。some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read because they had too much homework to do.(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨(2)complaint n.抱怨，牢骚，投诉make a complaint to sb. about/of sth.向某人抱怨某事 佳句背诵 he complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. 他向我抱怨他已经尽全力做了一切， 但是还是考试不及格。 expressionn表达；表情，神色基础练习单句语法填空seeing the remains of those who died in the earthquake，we have trouble finding proper words to give expression(express) to our mind.its wellknown that the beauty of west lake is beyond expression(express)能力提升完成句子(陕西卷)我代表我校，向你表示热烈的欢迎。on behalf of our school，i would like to_express_our_warm_welcome_to_you (1)beyond expression无法表达；形容不出give expression to陈述；表达出(2)express vt.表达；表示；表露express oneself表达自己的思想感情 佳句背诵 their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expression.他们的回答应该是基于姿势、体态语言和面部表情的。 declarevt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称基础练习单句语法填空/完成句子(2019全国卷)picking up her “lifetime achievement” award, proud irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.in 1972, president richard nixon declared the third sunday of june every year to_be(be) fathers day in america.in september 1939, britain declared_war_on_germany(向德国宣战) after germany invaded poland.declare sb./sth. to be宣布某人/某事declare for/against宣布赞成/反对declare war (on/against)(向)宣战declare sth. open/closed宣布开始/结束佳句背诵 li ping, my best friend, should declare against my suggestion at the meeting. 我最好的朋友李萍竟然在会议上宣布反对我的建议。 awareadj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的基础练习单句语法填空when visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them.it is important that students develop an awareness(aware) of valuing parents love.能力提升完成句子(湖北卷)作为社会的一员， 我意识到有责任感是建设一个更好的社会所需要的。as_a_member_of_the_society,_i_am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society. (1)be/become aware of知道，感觉到be aware that.知道；意识到make sb.aware of使某人意识到(2)awareness n.认识，意识raise an awareness of.提高的意识 佳句背诵 in conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.总之，全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。(福建卷) judgevt.断定；判断；判决n裁判员；法官基础练习单句语法填空(2018江苏卷)the economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)as the saying goes，“we should never judge a person by/from his looks.”judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a man by his looks.能力提升完成句子我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。as_far_as_i_can_judge,_it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones. (1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as i can judge据我判断，我认为(2)judging by/from.根据判断(3)judgement n.看法，意见；判断力；审判，判决佳句背诵 im writing to invite you to be a judge at our english speech contest to be held in our school on june 15.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。 take over 夺取，占据；接替；接管基础练习用take的相关短语填空with economy recovering，more and more workers are taken_onthe plane took_off in spite of the bad weather.since jerry is absent today，lets get someone else to take_over the work where it was left off yesterday.im very sorry for having taken_up so much of your time.they will certainly need to take_in plenty of liquid.take up拿起；占用；从事take on承担；呈现；雇佣take in吸收，吸入；欺骗，使上当take off脱下(衣服等)；起飞；开始获得成功 佳句背诵 it was reported that the city had been taken over by the rebel forces.据报道那座城市已被叛军夺取了。 in memory of纪念；追念基础练习用右栏短语填空some people are in_favour_of education reform, while others are against it.could i speak to whoever is in_charge_of international sales please?the couple held a dinner party in_celebration_of their wedding anniversary.能力提升完成句子随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟赛，以纪念古代著名诗人屈原。with the dragon boat festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in_memory_of/in_honour_of_the_famous_ancient_poet,_qu_yuanin favour of支持；赞同；对有利in face of面临；面对in honour of为纪念；祝贺；为了向表示敬意in charge of负责；掌管in celebration of.为了庆祝in search of寻找 佳句背诵 they built a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.为了纪念在大地震中死去的人们，他们建了一座纪念碑。 no doubt无疑，确实基础练习单句改错we have no doubt if he will succeed in the research work.ifthati never doubt whether special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.whetherthatit is no need to wait for him; he has gone abroad for long.itthere能力提升完成句子(广东卷)毫无疑问熬夜更有可能导致人的过分焦虑。 there_is_no_doubt_that_staying_up_is_more_likely_to result in overanxiety. (1)there is no doubt that.毫无疑问there is some doubt whether.怀疑是否beyond/without doubt毫无疑问(2)dont doubt that.对不怀疑doubt whether/if.怀疑/不相信是否(3)there is no need to do sth.做某事没必要。there is no point (in) doing sth.做某事没意义。 佳句背诵 there is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.毫无疑问，那里的儿童非常需要关怀和帮助。 ving形式作结果状语(教材p43)it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。基础练习单句语法填空he got up late and hurried to his office, leaving(leave) the breakfast untouched.i came to new york from far away to see him, only to_find(find) he had gone abroad two days before. (1)v.ing形式作结果状语表示一种自然而然的结果，常置于句尾。(2)动词不定式作结果状语表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。 佳句背诵 her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.她的丈夫十年前就去世了，撇下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。 动名词的复合结构(教材p43)the desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但那些树被砍倒了，结果这座城市被沙尘埋了起来多么遗憾啊！能力提升完成句子最让那个孩子担心的是不允许他去看望生病住院的妈妈。what worried the child most was his_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.他开会迟到让校长很生气。his_being_late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry.本句是but 连接的并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。(1)在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。(2)如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。 with宾语宾语补足语(教材p55)in less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1，177 men on board.在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。基础练习单句语法填空(重庆卷)last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.a.(2018浙江卷6月)with the night approaching(approach), i became worried and could not keep calm.b(山东卷)the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid(lay) for a meal to be cooked.cwith so many essays to_write(write), she wont have time to go shopping this morning.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)as a new stadium has been built in our school, more sports events can be held.(2018全国卷)(高级表达)with_a_new_stadium_built_in_our_school,_more sports events can be held.(with复合结构)with复合结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。(1)with宾语形容词/副词/介词短语(2)with宾语doing (3)with宾语done (4)with宾语to do佳句背诵 he is used to sleeping with the windows open at night in the summer.他习惯在夏天的夜晚开着窗子睡觉。mr. smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.史密斯先生手里拿着一本书走进了教室。名师点津 在with复合结构中，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系，且指这一动作正在进行；过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系，且指这一动作已完成。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1it rained nonstop for half a month，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.2daves coming(come) home late worried his mother.3it has been more than 100 years since tsinghua university was founded(found)4i sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression(express) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.5unfortunately(fortune)，his father died, leaving(leave) the family even worse off.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1the american couple sitting next to me is complaining about the high cost of visiting europe.2the research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.3through the window i saw the girls room was decorated with small moons and small stars.4theres some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.5id rather you got your father to take over the job now，in which case you can do everything in your power to prepare for the coming experiment.维度三语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1(2018全国卷)after the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are requested to make comments and express their views about the film.表达2(2019北京卷)not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.意识3after the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.保持4there is no doubt that a true friend is a person who can share your joys as well as sorrows whatever happens.无疑维度四易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1there is no doubt whether nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.whetherthat2the headmaster didnt seem to aware that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.在to后加be3judged from his expression, we know that he is pleased with it.judgedjudging4unfortunate, it rained heavily on saturday, and i had to stay at home.unfortunateunfortunately5failure was slowly destroyed him.destroyeddestroying_或删除was6i think there is one problem remains to be solved.remainsremaining7after the earthquake i saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.ruinruins8we were taken off by his innocent, boyish looks.offin维度五完成句子1在毕业典礼上，我们的校长要求我们提高在现代社会里的竞争意识。at the graduation ceremony，our headmaster required us to raise_our_competitive_awareness in modern society.2他向我抱怨说，老师对他的学习要求太严了。he complained_to_me_about_the_teacher，who was too strict with him in his study.3我们明天做什么？尚不清楚会议是否会按计划举行。what will we do tomorrow?it is unclear whether the meeting will go_ahead_as_planned4那位女士说她要用剩余的20美元为女儿买一份礼物。the lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with_the_remaining_20_dollars5那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下