名词性从句PPT-英语ppt课件

.,1,NounClauses,.,2,Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,.,3,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,.,4,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,IdontknowaboutthefactthatheisMr.White.,.,5,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,.,6,Whatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.,Subjectclause,Objectclause,Objectclauseafterapreposition,Predictiveclause,Appositiveclause,.,7,Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类,Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.5.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,Objectclause,Objectclause,Predicativeclause,Subjectclause,Appositiveclause,.,8,名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,.,9,引导词,句型转换1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.2.Hehadntsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.,Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.,Thefactthathehadntsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.,总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。,.,10,3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.,Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?,Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.,总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。,.,11,5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?,Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?,Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。,.,12,总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。,1.Whatweneedmoretime.2.WhatweneedmoreEnglishdictionaries.,are,is,.,13,Practicetime.单句改错,1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.3.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.,_is,_hasnt,_would,_was,_hewill,_Englishhas,.,14,ObjectClauses宾语从句,.,15,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,.,16,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+简单句或其一部分,.,17,一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.,.,18,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,.,19,3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,20,4.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.,.,21,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)f.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,.,22,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,.,23,5.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?,.,24,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?,Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?,Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.,Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?,Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?,Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.,CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?,.,25,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,.,26,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,.,27,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.,.,28,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,.,29,6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be),wrote,hastaken,hadbeen,.,30,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,.,31,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,.,32,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,.,33,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,.,34,3.否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。),.,35,4.it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.,.,36,PredicativeClauses表语从句,.,37,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：,.,38,.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.,.,39,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,.,40,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。,如：1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.,.,41,注意,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.,.,42,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,.,43,SubjectClauses主语从句,.,44,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.,7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,.,45,考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,.,46,It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,.,47,考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.,.,48,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.,What与that引导主语从句,.,49,由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省,Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,.,50,注意：,Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.,“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。,主语从句的“that”一般不能省。,“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致2）根据句子的语境而定。,.,51,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto,.,52,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,.,53,AppositiveClauses同位语从句,.,54,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.n.+连接词+从句,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.,2).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,.,55,注:1.同位语从句多用that引导,2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,.,56,Ihavenoidea,whenhewillbeback.,howhecangetthetreasure.,wheretheconcertwillbehold.,whocanfinishthework.,whyithappened.,whichpenismine.,whatweshoulddonext.,whomtheyaretalkingabout.,whetheritllraintomorrow.,thatourfootballteamwonthegame.,.,57,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,58,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略,HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.,.,59,Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1同位语从句that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句that不能省定语从句that在从句中作宾语时，可以省,.,60,Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,.,61,Thankyou,.,62,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_ornotwewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekend.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,.,63,5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,.,64,8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo,B,C,D,.,65,1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that,B,A,B,3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason,.,66,4_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat,D,A,.,67,6IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited,A,A,.,68,._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,A,B,.,69,12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,.,70,14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,.,71,1.Canyoumakesure_thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput,2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasucce