初二英语重点之宾语从句用法

宾语从句一、掌握宾语从句的概念宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。对比下面两句：简单句： I know him. 主语 谓语 宾语主从复合句： (I know ) that he is a teacher. 主句 （主语+谓语） 宾语从句如：I hope you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期过得愉快。He began to think about what he should do.他开始考虑应当怎样做。二、注意宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。 若主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态； 但若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较：He says he is busy.他说他很忙。 He said he was busy.他说他很忙。I know you will agree.我知道你会同意的。 I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.老师说，地球绕着太阳转。三、明确宾语从句的语序宾语从句属名词性从句，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。如：She asked when she could leave.她问她何时可以离开。Please tell me what you need.请告诉我你需要什么。四、分清宾语从句的引导词1.当宾语从句部分表示陈述句语气时，用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。如：We think (that) he will help us.我们认为他会帮助我们。He said (that) he was good at English.他说他擅长英语。I know (that) he is very busy.我知道他很忙。2.当宾语从句部分为一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导。if和whether引导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”。如：I dont know if /whether he will come.我不知道他是否会来。She asked if /whether that was enough.她问那是否够了。I wonder whether /if it is true.我不知道是不是真的。一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.宾语从句位于句首时：Whether well attend the meeting,no one knows.3.如果宾语从句原来为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词有what, who, whom, which, whose,when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。如：She asked who would like to go. Tell me whose wallet this is. I dont know _(他有什么问题）。.He knows _他知道他们住哪里。Tell us how you are getting on now.告诉我们你现在过得怎样？I cant tell you _.我不能告诉你她为什么在哭。He didnt say _.他没有说什么时候回来。what引导宾语从句时，有时表示“什么”，有时表示“所的”: I asked what he needed.我问他需要什么。I gave him what he needed.我给了他所需要的东西。 Please remember_(我昨天所说的话）.【注意】1由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化同义句。eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. = I dont know how to do with the presents.Eg:1)Please tell me what I should do next.(改同义句)Please tell me what _ _ next.2) I havent decided where I will go.(改同义句) I havent decided _ _五、宾语从句与否定前移当主句的主语为第一人称，动词为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句。如： I dont think that it is worth doing.我认为这不值得做。I dont believe that he will help us.我相信他不会来。：）（合并为复合句）（合并为复合句）6 宾语从句和状语从句的区分eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.it is fine，I will go out tomorrow2） I dont know if the train has arrived.句1）中if引导的是条件状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法：1可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外）， 宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当条件状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。 when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。Eg:（从句）（从句）3从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。Eg:（_从句）。（_从句）七、宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。如：I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married.他还没宣布他何时结婚注意：标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?宾语从句练习题一 选择 。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means二. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.三、将下面的句子合并成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?8What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.9Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 10. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 四、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( ) 9.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, anotherB. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Li said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they _ ( can hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.六. 翻译：1. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候会开会）2. Can you tell me _? （他在哪儿）3. Could you tell me _?（我该怎么去车站）4. Would you tell me _? （为什么火车迟到了）5. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）6. Ask him _. （他是否能来）7. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） 感叹句 感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语) How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)How +主语+谓语What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)What+ 形容词+复数名词(+主语+谓语)6)What+ 形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)! How time flies! What cold weather it is! 感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后面，1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what a/an；2) 形容词后紧跟不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。3）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/these/those/Toms等等，则直接用how。如： 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！ / 形容词 单数名词例句2：What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！/ 形容词 复数名词 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！/ 形容词 不可数名词 例句4：How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！/ 形容词 the 若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！ / 副词 （what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how） How time flies! How fast Liu Xiang runs!感叹句专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._hard the work is!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _