初一预科班英语讲义

初一预科班英语讲义 (一)A. 导言1、 明确学习目标：（五级的目标）a. 语音：日常会话中做到语音、语调正确、自然、流畅，能根据读音拼写单词b. 词汇：学会使用15001600个单词和200300个短语或固定搭配c. 语法：强调语法的功能而不是语法形式d. 功能：即交际功能2、 掌握正确的学习方法、培养良好的学习习惯u 兴趣是最好的老师，兴趣是产生学习的动力；u 专心听讲，积极发言，做好笔记；u 课后仔细听录音，认真模仿，补充适当的口笔头练习；u 不耻下问，及时总结；u 诵读、熟读少不了，在北京四中，一所每年向清华、北大输送多名学生的名牌中学，他们的老师要求学生在高中年将新概念英语第二册的所有文章背诵下来。年下来，他们的学生不仅英文成绩好，写出来的英文短文还十分地道；u 扩大阅读量，从而使课外知识成为课内知识的有益补充；养成猜测词义的习惯；u 动眼还要动手，做好课外阅读笔记，坚持做一些摘要、札记，记录一些优美词句；u 掌握记单词的方法：按开、闭音节记忆：bag-cake 按字母组合记忆：beef, elephant, picture 分音节记忆：information，basketball 音、形、义结合法记忆：sometimes, sometime, some times和some time 归类记忆：服装类coat, shirt, skirt, sweater, 食品类cake, rice, dumpling, noodle构词联想记忆：carecarefulcarefullycareless, likedislikeunlikealike moonlight, brunch,对比联想记忆：bigsmall , rightwrite搭配联想记忆：如含有get的短语有：get ready for，get up，get on with，get down，get dressed，get back，got on，get off，get to，get out of, get lost B. 语音入门前元音中元音后元音C. 书写习惯D. 听音练习E. 流行口语1. Who knows! 2. Thats a deal! 3. How come？=Why? 4. Got it? = Understand? 5. Dont push me.6. Come on! 7. Enjoy yourself.8. He has gone bananas.9. Wood head! 10. Still up？ F. 经典对话1) -Hello, Helen.-Hi, Steven. -How are you today? -Im very well, thank you. And you?-Im fine, thanks. -How is Tony? -Hes fine, thanks. -How is Emma? -Shes very well, too, Helen. Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you.-Nice to see you, too, Steven. Goodbye.2) - Hi. My name is Mike Parker. - Im Jennifer Green. - Its nice to meet you, Jennifer. - Nice to meet you, too. - Im sorry. Whats your last name again? - Its Green. G. 语法常识一般是直接加-s, 如: pen, chair 规则变化 以s, x, sh, ch, 辅音加o结尾的名词加-es,如: bus，box, fish，watch，tomato名词的数 以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i, 加-es, 如: baby, city 以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v, 加-es, 如: knife, life 元音发生变化, 如: man, foot不规则变化 词尾发生变化,如: child 词形不变,如: Chinese, sheep动词单三形式词尾加-s / -es的发音 一般情况下,在词尾加-s, 清辅音后读/s/; 浊辅音和元音后读/z/; 在t后面读/ts/;在d后面读/dz/。cup-cups/kps/ bag-bags/bgz/ boy-boys/biz/ cat-cats/kts/ beds-beds/bedz/ 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es, 增读/iz/。 bus-buses/bsiz/ box-boxes/bksiz/ fish-fishes/fiiz/ watch-watches/wtiz/， 以辅音字母加o结尾的名词加-es, 增读/z/。如：tomato-tomatoes/tma:tuz/ 以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i, 加-es, 增读/z/。如：baby-babies/beibiz/ 以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v, 加-es, 读/vz/。如：leaf-leaves/li:vz/H. 趣味阅读Australia has a lot of lovely animals. The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas. The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia. They have large eyes and ears. They dont walk, but they jump. They use their strong back legs. They can jump at up to 74 kilometers per hour. They can go over nine meters in one jump!Kangaroo mothers have pouches (育儿袋) to carry their babies. The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm. Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia. They are on TV, in books and in the shops. The government even wants to put them on passports (护照).There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia. Thats more than the number of people in the country! Some kangaroos go hungry because there is not enough to eat. They break into farms for food. Farmers are very angry with them. To help the farmers, the Australian Government kills some kangaroos each year.The koala is another famous Australian animal. They look like bears, and have small eyes and big noses. They eat leaves from gum trees, where they spend most of their time.Koalas have a special smell. They use it to mark (标识) their home “this is my place, you cant come in!”Like kangaroos, a koala baby lives in its mothers pouch.But koalas have fewer places to live. There are about 100,000 koalas in Australia. There is a law to keep them safe.根据文章所提供的袋鼠和考拉的生活状况，用简洁的句子完成下列表格：KangaroosKoalasLooks1. _2. _FoodNot enough to eat3. _Numb