高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课件 新人教版必修3 (2).ppt

基础知识自测,重点词汇讲练,写作句型仿写,基础知识自测,1._n.系统;体系;制度_adj.系统的;有系统的_adv.系统地;有系统地,systematically,system,systematic(al),一、单词拓展(a)单词派生,2._n.谜;难题v.(使)迷惑_adj.困惑的_adj.令人困惑的3._vi.存在；生存_adj.存在的；生存的_n.存在；生存,existence,puzzle,puzzled,puzzling,exist,existent,4._n.暴力;猛烈_adj.暴力的;猛烈的_adv.粗暴地;猛烈地5._n.基础_adj.基本的;基础的_adv.根本地;从根本上,fundamentally,violence,violent,violently,foundation/fundament,fundamental,6._n.感到振奋4._突发;爆发,二、短语翻译,breakout,layeggs,blockout,cheerup,5._密切注视;当心;提防6._阻止;制止7._产生;分娩8._及时,intime,watchout(for),prevent.from,givebirthto,9._轮到某人；接着10._既然11._依靠12._结果,asaresult,inonesturn,nowthat,dependon,三、语篇填空,nooneknows1_(exact)howtheearthbegan.however，accordingtoawidely2_(accept)theory，itbegan3_a“bigbang”.thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，4_(make)theearthsatmosphere.andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayedonthesurface.,making,with,accepted,exactly,itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolve(溶解)5_(harm)gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas，6_madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.andtheappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.next，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.theywerefollowedbylandanimals.later，reptilesappearedforthefirsttime,afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.,which,harmful,however，theysuddenly7_(appear).therefore，mammalsroseon8_earth.finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.however，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohot9_(live)on.sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10_(solve).,besolved,tolive,the,disappeared,1.exactly修饰动词know用副词，表示“完全，精确地”。2.accepted因theory与accept是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。3.with因beginwith(以开始)是固定搭配。4.making现在分词表示伴随或结果，指水蒸气与各种气体构成了地球的大气层。5.harmful在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“有害的”。,6.which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。7.disappeared在主格人称代词后作谓语，由语境是一般过去时，指突然“消失了”。8.the在earth,moon等世界上独一无二的事物名词前通常用the。9.tolive在tooto(太而不能)结构中，用不定式表示结果。10.besolved问题是“被解决”。,四、语段改错,accordingtoawideacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“bigbang”thatthrewmatterinalldirection.forseveralbillionsyearsafterthe“bigbang”,earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.,whatitwastobecomewascertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsbeforewhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.theearthbecamesoviolentlythatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldbelastornot.,itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.theywereontimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,thatweretomaketheearthsatmosphere.,1.widewidely用副词修饰过去分词accepted(被接受的)。2.directiondirections受all修饰，应用复数。3.billionsbillion因billion,million,thousand,hundred等前面有数词或few,several时，不用复数。4.在earth前加the独一无二事物前要加the。5.certainuncertain它会变成什么“不能确定”。,6.beforeago指离现在多久以前，用ago。7.violentlyviolent在became后作表语，要用形容词。8.去掉last前的be因last(持续，维持)是不及物动词，有了动词后，若不是进行时态或被动语态，不用be。8.ontimeintime表示“及时做某事”是intimetodosth.，而ontime是“按时”。9.thatwhich引导非限制性定语从句用which。,重点词汇讲练,1theoryn.学说；理论例句however，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“bigbang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections但是,一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。,搭配intheory在理论上反义inpractice在实践上,运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。总之，理论必须同实践相结合。,inbrief,theorymustbecombinedwithpractice.,2violentadj猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的例句theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续。,搭配violentcrime暴力犯罪派生_n.猛烈，暴力(行为)_adv猛烈地,violently,violence,运用根据提示完成英文句子。childrenshouldnotbeallowed_(看暴力电影)。,towatchviolentmovies,herhusbandis_(一个粗暴的人)hisheartbeats_(violence),violently,aviolentman,3.unlikeprep.不同;不像（notlike;nottypicalof）例句waterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikemarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.水在其他星球上也出现过，例如在火星上就曾出现过，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。,转化unlikeadj.不同的;不相似的反义likeprep.像；同一样likeadj.相似的；同样的运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。_;sheistallwhilehermotherisveryshort.,sheisunlikehermother,4.harmfuladj.有害的,伤害的例句thecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.由于地球上长期有水的存在，使地球能够把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,beharmfulto对有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm对某人有害处,搭配,运用填入一个适当的词或用所给词的正确形式填空。asweallknow,smokingis_(harm)toourhealth.thatstosay，itdoesharm_ourhealth.therefore,weshouldntsmokebuttodosomething_(harm)toourhealth.,harmless,harmful,to,5existvi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在例句thiskindofrareanimalsexisted20，000yearsago这种珍稀动物两万年前就存在了。,existin存在于中existon=liveon靠生活existas作为而存在,搭配,运用用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。thelittleboycannotexist_themoneyheisearning,on,mattercanexist_asolid，liquidorgaswecantexistwithoutwaterthatmeansour_(exist)dependsonwater,existence,as,原句howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.生命是如何起源的这个问题是科学家很难解答的最大困惑之一。(b3p27),6.puzzlen.谜;难题v.(使)迷惑;(使)为难,例句howhepassedtheexamisstillapuzzletous.他是如何通过考试的对我们来说还是一个谜。,搭配,bepuzzledby被迷惑beapuzzletosb.对某人来说是个谜/困惑befeelpuzzledabout对感到困惑,运用填入一个恰当的词或完成句子。yourexplanationwasreallyapuzzle_me.hisrecentbehavior_(使我困惑).,to,puzzlesme,原句theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(b3p26),7.prevent/stop/keep.from阻止/防止,提示在主动语态的句子中,stop和prevent后的from可省略,但keep后的from不能省略;在被动语态中,此三个短语中的from均不可省略。,比较protect.from.保护不受,例句thefarmerbuiltawalltopreventhischickensfromrunningout.那个农民建了围墙来防止鸡跑出去。,运用根据汉语提示完成句子。上涨的河水使我们过不了河。therisingwater_.人们采取行动来防止环境的恶化。peopletookmeasures_.,原句walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。(b3p31),8.nowthat由于;既然,例句nowthatyouareastudent,youmustobeyschoolrules.既然你是学生,你必须遵守学校的规则。,运用(1)既然大家来了,我们就开会吧。_,letsbeginourmeeting(2)既然已完成了工作,你就应该好好休息。yououghttohaveagoodrest_.,nowthat/asyouhavefinishedthework,since/,nowthat/sinceeverybodyishere,9intime及时；终于；迟早例句themanintimecaughtthebagfallingfromupstairs那个人及时接住了从楼上掉下来的包。,innotime立刻,马上atnotime绝不atatime每次,一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时,偶尔,联想,运用填入一个恰当的词。whenourguestsarriveatourhome,weshouldservetea_timewithmanysubjectstoconcentrateon，ifailedtofinishhomework_time,on,in,10breakout(火灾战争地震等)爆发；发生例句theteacherstayedathomewhenthebigfirebrokeoutinthetallbuilding.当那场高楼大火发生时，那个老师正待在家里。,breakinto破门而入breakup(组织、公司等)解散breakawayfrom脱离,联想,运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。昨天晚上，两个小偷破门而入小李家，并偷走了一块手表。lastnight，twothieves_xiaolishomeandstoleawatch,brokeinto,当地震发生时,大家都在睡觉。whentheearthquake,_everyonewassleepinginbedaba乐队去年解散了，这是我们没有料想到的。bandaba_lastyear，whichwasbeyondourexpectation,brokeup,brokeout,11.givebirthto产生；分娩；引起；造成例句theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.它们能产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。,运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。she_(生了一个健康男婴)lastnight.这段奇特的经历促成了他最新一部小说的诞生。theextraordinaryexperience_.,tohislatestnovel,gavebirthtoahealthybabyboy,gavebirth,12.inonesturn轮到某人;接着例句thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。,联想itssb.sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事inturn轮流，依次byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事,翻译将下列句子译成英文。轮到我的时候,我给他们讲了一个笑话。轮到你看医生啦。,itsyourturntoseethedoctor.,inmyturn,itoldthemajoke.,13.watchout注意,当心(单独用于祈使句)watchoutfor密切注意，提防运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。_!dontdirtythepaperonthedesk.我们必须提防公共汽车上的小偷。wemust_onthebus.,watchoutforthethieves,watchout,13watchout注意，当心(单独用于祈使句)watchoutfor密切注意，提防,运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。_！dontdirtythepaperonthedesk,watchout,我们必须提防公共汽车上的小偷。wemust_onthebus,watchoutforthethieves,写作句型仿写,原句itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用,这一点在当时并不明显。(b3p26),1.itisobviousthat.显然,例句itwasobviousthathehadbeenlateforschoolagain.很明显他又迟到了。,同义obviously/apparently,/itisquiteclearthat.短语befundamentalto对是必要的;对是根本的,仿写(1)很显然他没有成功。itisobviousthathehasntbeensuccessful.(2)显然断电了。(3)很明显你的学生明天没有说实话。_yesterday.,itwasobviousthatyourstudentdidnttellyouthetruth,itisobviousthatelectricityhasbeencutoff.,原句thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。(b3p26),2.makeit+adj.+forsb.todo使某人做某事,例句thepresentsituationmakesitdifficultforustoaccomplishthetaskontime.目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。,说明it是形式宾语,后面