人教版初三英语上unit1-5-知识点讲解及练习

. Unit 1 【语言点】1. by 的用法: I study by working with a group.“通过方式”如：by studying with a group“在旁边/附近”如： The teacher stands by the window. /I live by the river. “在以前”、“截止为止“如： I have to go back by ten oclock. “乘交通工具” 如：The student went to park by bus. “被” 如：some articles written by Lu Xun. 2. practice的用法: Do you ever practice conversations with your friends? un. “实践，练习，锻炼”： Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 v. “练习”= practise 英： +n. We often practice English in groups. +pron. We should practice them in pairs. +v.-ing We should practice English more.3. ask的用法：ask sb. about sth.问某人某事 He asked me about the best way to learn English yesterday.ask sb. to do sth.要求/让/请某人做某事：He asked his mother to buy him a new bicycle.ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 My mother asked me for help yesterday.4. a lot, a lot of, lots ofa lot 许多，大量 如： I ate a lot last night. 非常 如： I love the movie a lot.a lot of 相当于lots of 修饰n. 用于肯定句中， 否定句中常用many或much 5. 征求意见句型 What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.?=Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why dont you go shopping? /Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Will/ Would/Could you please do? 如：Could you please pass that book to me? Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? Would you mind doing? 如： Would you mind turning the radio down?6. find的用法：Sometimes, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly. find + n./pron.find + 宾语+ 宾补（形容词/ 介词短语/ 分词）可转换为find+ thatfind + it + adj. + to do其中 it 做形式主语I find him friendly. We found him in bed. We found her honest.He found the window closed. I found him working in the garden. it 还可作形式主语： It is + adj. + to do7. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese . get+ 宾语+宾补（形容词/ 过去分词/ 现在分词） 使某种情况发生把鞋擦干净 Get the shoes clean. 我想去修自行车 I want to get my bike repaired. 你不能让他老等着 You cant get him waiting. get 可作系动词 Be（am /is /are /was /were）系动词 表保持（stay /keep）表改变（get /become /turn） +adj. 感官动词（起来）:feel /look /sound /smell /tasteend 的用法： at the end of “在的末尾、末端” At the end of the concert at the end of the roadn. in the end “最后”，“终于” (at last, finally ) In the end I decided to stay here. by the end of “到结束时/时为止 By the end of this summer holiday, I had finished my homework.v. end up doing sth. 结束做某事= finish doing sth. end up with 以 结束 The party ended up with her singing.8. afraid的用法：I was afraid to speak in class that+从句 恐怕 Im afraid that I cant come here on time.be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 She was afraid to go out alone at night. of 害怕 I was afraid of snakes when I was young.9. deal with 处理：How do we deal with our problems?deal with：侧重于方式，方法，特殊疑问句中用how I dont know how he deal with the problem.do with: 侧重对象，特殊疑问句用what I dont know what he did with the problem.10. unless除非，假如不，如果不。引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力你会失败。 I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写11. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do看见某人在做某事 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。12. “也”also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 【重点语法】1. 动词+ by doing 结构2. 动词不定式及动名词在句中成分3. 现在完成时复习( ) 1. Look at the old man. He makes money selling old books. A. in B. for C. at D. by( ) 2. - How do you improve you English? - By . A.read and speak B.to read and to speak C.reading and speaking D.reading and speak( ) 3. Did you find very interesting to play football? A. this B.its C. that D. it( ) 4. The sports meeting will continue it rains this afternoon. A. but B. since C. as soon as D.unless( ) 5. -Many students dont know how to _ stress. -I think theyd better ask their teachers for help. A. argue with B. deal with C. quarrel with D. come up with( ) 6. _ you work harder, you will not pass the examination. =If you dont work harder, you will not pass the examinationA. Until B .If C. Till D. Unless ( ) 7. He learnt English by _ English songs. A. listen B. listen to C. listening D. listening to( ) 8. If you practice _ English every morning, you will improve it quickly. A. to read B. reading C. read D. be reading( ) 9. At first they hated each other, but they ended up _ on very well .A. get B. got C. getting D. to get( ) 10. The teacher asked Tom a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered 【单项选择】 ( ) 1. Do you enjoy _ on the Internet? A. surfing B. surf C. to surf D. surfed ( ) 2. She said she had some trouble _ her homework. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished( ) 3. Do you find this book _? A. frustrate B. frustrating C. frustrated D. frustration( ) 4. Did you see them _ basketball at this time yesterday? A. playing B. play C. to play D. are playing( ) 5. Have you decided which coat_? A. choose B. choosing C. chosen D. to choose ( ) 6. I read very slowly. I cant spell some English words, _. A. also B. either C. but D. too【同义句转换】 1. Why dont you learn English by making flashcard? Why English by making flashcard? 2. I find sleeping well important. I find sleeping well important. I find important well. 3. During the trip, we met many foreign people. During the trip, we met people foreign countries. 4. I dont know how they deal with the situation. I dont know they with the situation. Unit 2: I used to be afraid of the dark 【语言点】1. I used to be afraid of the dark. （1）used to表示过去的一种行为和习惯，它的后面用动词原形，否定句和疑问句用助动词did，也可 以用used的本身,是较老的英国英语的用法。 例如：My sister used to be short. The shop didnt use to (usednt to) open on Sundays. 这家商店过去星期日不营业。（2）used to do something是表示“过去常常做某事”be/get used to doing something是表示“习惯于做某事”。 例如：I used to go to school on foot. 我过去常常步行去上学。 You will be used to living there. 你会习惯住在那里的。（3）afraid3But now I am more interested in sports. （1）形容词比较级：interested是多音节的形容词，它的比较级是用more interested。 例如：It is more difficult than your thought. 它比你想象的要困难多。可饰形容词的比较级的词有much，a little，even，still，a lot，far等修。 例如：He is much younger than I.他比我年轻多了。（2）be interested in 4. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。句中“with+名词+介词短语”结构表示伴随状态。表示一个动作伴随另一个动作同时发生或者进行。例如：Dont do your homework with the radio on. 不要开着收音机做你的作业。She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears他独自一人坐在那儿，眼里充满了泪水。5. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. 这些日子，我几乎没有时间去音乐会了。 （1） hardly是表示否定意义“几乎不”，例如：It was difficult, so you can hardly finish it by yourself. 它很难，你自己不可能独自完成。（2） hard6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends，在我上中学以前，我常常花费很多时间和朋友们一起玩游戏，spend “花费” ，spend时间/金钱on（in doing） 例如：I spent two hundred Yuan on that new bike. 买那辆新自行车花费我200元。 He spent all the holiday reading the book. 他花整个假期都用来读这本书。表“花费”的单词还有： 8. It will make you stressed out. 它会使你压力很大。make作为使役动词表示“让、使”，make+宾语+宾补如果是动词不定式充当宾语补足语，要用省略to的动词不定式。make sb. do sth.例如：Working too much makes me tired. 太多的工作使我疲劳。My father makes me do my homework every day. 我的爸爸迫使我每天做家庭作业。9. His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的妈妈尽她所能来照顾他。（1）look after “照看、照顾”=take care of 例如：Our teacher looks after the child very well. 我们的老师照顾这个孩子很好。（2）as well as “和一样好”， as.as的中间用形容词/副词的原形。 例如：Your ruler is as long as his. 你的尺子和他的一样长。 也，不但而且例如：The girl is lively as well as healthy. 这女孩既健康又活泼。My parents as well as my elder sister music.（enjoy）10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅似乎改变了许多。（1）seem系动词， “似乎好像，仿佛”，主语常用it。 例如：It seems as if (that) it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨。（2）seem的后面还可以用动词不定式、名词、现在分词、过去分词或者to be形容词作表语。 例如：He seems to laugh at us. 他仿佛在嘲笑我们。11. She also told me even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. 她还告诉我，虽然我的父亲不再和我们在一起了，但他还在注视着我，并且将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。（1）no more (用在句中)=notany more (用在句尾)侧重程度和数量 no longer (用在句中)=notany longer (用在句尾) 指时间. 如：He didnt cry any more. 他哭了好几次，他不再哭了。 I play tennis no more/ longer. =I dont play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。 He couldnt wait any longer.他等了很久，不能再等了。 If you always exaggerate(夸张), people will no longer believe you. You can drink no more. = You cant drink any more. 你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。) He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer. 他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。) （ 【重点语法】反义疑问句 1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述否定疑问”或“否定陈述肯定疑问”。2、简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。3、简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。4、陈述部分含“too.to”时，是否定句。 用法：1) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he?2) 陈述部分有情态动词（1）有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? （2）有used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? （3）有had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?3) think/believe等引导的宾语从句：A.主语是第一人称： I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didnt he? （不能说werent they?）4) 祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Dont do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或wont you）?注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shant we) ? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shant we)? 5) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? There will not be any trouble, will there?6) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isnt it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? （ ）1. I think your shirt is _ than your sisters. A. big B. more big C. beautiful D. more beautiful（ ）2. I _ be short. But now I am taller. A. didnt used B. used to C. use to D. am used to（ ）3.Dont be late for school next time, _? A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. dont you（ ）4. Our teacher came into the classroom _ a book in his hand.A. with B. in C. up D. on（ ）5.They can hardly do their homework, _? A. do they B. dont theyC. can they D. cant they（ ）6.We often spend two hours _ our homework every day.A. doBdoingC. did D. to do（ ）7.Great changes _ in China in the past few years. A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. take place（ ）8.What you said just now made me _ angry. A. feeling B. to feel C. feel D. are（ ）9.I think English is as _ as math.A. important B. more important C. more interesting D. most important（ ）10.Your bike is _ than mine.A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. very more beautiful D. beautiful（ ）11.The boy seems _ lying.A. is B. was C. be D. to be（ ）12.Can you help me _ the work?A. finish B. finishing C. doing D. did（ ）13.Is there _ in todays newspaper?A. something new B. anything new C. new something D. new anything课后练习.单项选择( )1. Mario is afraid of alone. A. be B. being C. is D. /( )2. You used to be outgoing, ? A. do you B. dont you C. didnt you D. did you( )3. I havent him for a long time. A. see B. saw C. seen D. seeing( )4. I used to have short hair, but now I have hair. A. curly B. long C. straight D. brown( )5.- You used to be short, you ? -Yes , I . A. didnt, did B. usednt, used C. didnt, used D. usednt, did( )6. Playing basketball is very , so Im more in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interesting C. interesting, interested D. interested, interested( )7. -Who do you often swim ? -I swim with my classmates, because I am the swim team. A. /, on B. with, on C. with, in D. with, of( )8. The glass is broken, Try to who did it. A. find out B. look C. see D. found( )9. My life has changed in the last few years. A. a lot of B. lots of C. a lot D. a lots of( )10. Hes always busy. And he working late until night. A. gets used to B. used to C. got used to D. is used for( )11. The light in his room was , but nobody was . A. in, in B. on, on C. in, on D. on, in( )12. My problem is Im so busy. A. that B. what C. how D . /( )13. You can find out the answer to it only in the way. A. rightly B. right C. wrong D. true( )14. I used to a lot of time games with my friends. A. take, to play B. cost, playing C. spent, on D. spend, playing( )15. His father makes a living driving a taxi. A. by B. with C. for D. through单项填空 BCCBA CBACA DABDA Unit 3: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.【语言点】 1. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.应该允许青少年选择自己的衣服。 allow 允许allow + n. 允许某事 如：We cant allow such a thing. 我们不允许这样的事（发生）allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态） 如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 如：They dont allow smoking here. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态） 如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qingdao. 莉莉被允许去青岛。2. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.宾语从句中否定转移： 若宾语从句跟在think, believe等表示“想，认为的动词之后，而主语为第一人称时，句子的否定体现在主句上。 常用词有：suppose(猜想), guess（猜、猜测）, imagine（想象）, expect（期待）如： I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对 I dont think its a good idea.我认为那不是一个好主意。 3. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.16岁的青少年应该被允许打耳洞。4.V. + 宾语+ 宾补get/have + 宾语 + 过去分词 请或让某人做某事 如：I get my car repaired. = I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车 I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发. I usually get my hair cut once a month.我通常一个月理一次发。 keep sb/ sth. 形容词使某人/某物保持. 如：We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久4. They arent serious enough.他们不够严肃。5.enough 足够形容词enough 如：beautiful enough足够漂亮She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。 enough名词如：enough food 足够食物 I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 enough to do sth.足够去做如： She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。 5. He should stop wearing that silly earring.他应该停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环。 stop 停止、阻止stop doing sth. 停止做某事如：Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 如：Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。cant stop doing sth. 忍不住做某事 如：I cant stop laughing when I heard it.听到那件事，我忍不住大笑起来。6. Sb. seems to do sth. = It seems that +从句 看起来好像 He seems to feel very sad. = It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 He doesnt seem to have many friends. =It seems that he doesnt have many friends. =He seems not to have many friends.7. 程度副词：always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。9. go doing go shopping(去购物) go fishing(去钓鱼) go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船) go hiking(去登山) go trekking(去徒步)10. care take care 留神，小心=be careful，保重 Take care not to drop it.当心别把它掉了。 take care of 照顾，照料=look after 如： I took care of my sister well. care about 关心，在乎 如：That girl never cares about others. care for 喜欢，照顾，为操心 如：You should care for your sick mother.11. 对 热衷， 对兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。12. sleep n./v. 睡觉 I sleep for 7 hours every day. asleep adj. 睡着的，睡熟的 表状态 不能在名词之前 She is asleep in the bed. sleepy adj. 想睡觉的，困乏的 Im sleepy, I want to go to bed. sleeping adj. 睡着的，正在睡觉的 在名词之前 This is a sleeping dog.13. agree to + 建议、计划、安排等名词 agree with + 人、表示意见的词 a