英语体育运动Physical Culture and Sports

第二部分 体育运动Physical Culture and Sports(一)总类 General1、体育运动种类Kinds of Sportwater sports 水上运动 ancient sports 古典运动spring sports春季运动summer sports夏季运动autumn sports 秋季运动 winter sports 冬季运动athletics sports田径运动field sports 田赛运动track sports 径赛运动pole climbing 爬杆tug-of-war 拔河indoor (outdoor) sports 室内（外）运动country sports 野外运动hiking 徒步旅行health sports 健身运动bodybuilding exercises健美运动 mass sports 群众性运动traditional sports 传统运动squat-and-straighten-up exercise 蹲起运动sports activities 体育活动2、体育锻炼 Physical Traininghard training 大运动量训练training method 训练方法training plan/programme 训练计划training time 训练时间phase 训练阶段volume of exercise 训练量personal skill 个人技巧basic technique基本功amount of exercise运动量warming-up (exercises) 准备活动warming-down /cooling-down (exercise) 整理活动ball game skills球艺counter-acting exercise对抗训练athletic skill体育技巧sportsmanship体育道德workout体育测验3、体育服装 Sports Wearsports coat/dress 运动衣sports trousers 运动裤sports shoes 运动鞋sports shirt 运动衫cuff 护腕knee cap / knee guard 护膝elbow guard 护肘football suit(shirt, shorts, boots) 足球衣（衫，裤，鞋） 4、体育比赛 Competitions and Contestseight of finals 八分之一决赛big game 大型比赛friendly match 友谊赛open game 公开赛quarterfinal round 四分之一决赛world cup 世界杯赛championship 锦标赛scratch competition 正式比赛semifinals 半决赛finals; final game 决赛exhibition match 表演赛round robin 循环赛elimination match 淘汰赛preliminary competition 预赛dual meet 对抗赛challenge match 邀请赛marching in 入场式march-in/out 列队入场/退场grouping 分组schedule 比赛日程competition date 比赛日期competition site 比赛地点competition programme 比赛秩序册event 比赛项目all-round event 全能项目first/second/third division 甲、乙、丙组draw 抽签opening /closing ceremony 开/闭幕式by 轮空score 比分total score 总分two to zero 二比零playing even 打成平局breaking a record 打破纪录champion 冠军runner-up 亚军third place 季军gold medal 金牌silver medal 银牌bronze medal 铜牌certificate of award 奖状sportsman 运动员beginner 新手superstar 体育巨星home team 主队guest team 客队opponent 对手team member 队员chief coach 主教练head coach 总教练trainer 教练员head judge 裁判长referee/judge 裁判员cheering section 啦啦队rooter 啦啦队员sports fan 运动迷spectator 观众（单个）5、体育场、馆 Stadium and Gymnasiumentrance 入口exit 出口court 比赛场地field house 更衣室score board 记分牌indoor stadium 室内体育馆outdoor stadium 室外体育场swimming stadium/gymnasium/pool 游泳场/馆/池four hundred-meter athletic fields 400米田径场basketball court 篮球场football field 足球场volleyball court 排球场badminton court 羽毛球场playground 运动场(二)田径 Track and Field1、田径运动 Athletic Sportsrepeat runs 反复跑track and field players clothes 田径服装athletic training 田径训练track and field meet 田径赛buildup 加速跑冲刺跑练习form work 技术练习stretching exercises 伸展练习over stride 步子过大running on spot 原地跑sprint training 短跑训练steps-ups 单足踏上练习leg power 腿部力量leg action 腿部动作lead foot 领先脚lead leg 摆动腿lead arm 领先臂 2、跳高 High Jumparm action 手臂动作front jump 正面跳高standing jump 立定跳远approach run 助跑taking off 起跳taking-off ground 起跳区plant foot 起跳脚taking-off leg 起跳腿taking-off line 起跳线taking-off spot 起跳点foot plant 起跳踏地foam rubber mat 海绵垫flop 背越式跳高straddle jump 俯卧式跳高scissors jump 剪式跳高cleaning the bar 过杆jumping stand 跳高架trial jump 试跳sleeping leg 摆动腿hitting the ground 触地jumping over one point five meters 跳过1.5米 3、跳远 Long Jumpsand pit 沙坑take-off board 起跳板take-off line 起跳线take-off point 起跳点take-off angle 起跳角standing long jump 立定跳远standing triple jump 立定三级跳远triple jump /hop, step and jump 三级跳远tape measure 皮尺run-up助跑take-off 起跳thrust against the ground 蹬地transit 腾空landing the ground 落地take-off push 起跳蹬踏draw up the knees 向上提膝leg extension and thrust 向前伸腿stride-in-air type 走步式跳远hang 挺身式跳远knee-tuck type 蹲距式跳远landing leg 落地腿landing area 落地区swinging leg 摆动腿take-off leg 起跳腿stride in air 腾空步 4、投掷 Throwshot 铅球discus 铁饼javelin 标枪medicine ball 实心球softball 垒球pull 引枪angle of release 出手角度angle of shot 投掷角度velocity of throwing 投掷速度throwing field 投掷区throwing action(motion) 投掷动作throwing circle 投掷圈throwing line 投掷线cross-step 交叉步standing throw 原地投掷thrusting the shot away 猛推trail put 试推flip of wrist 拨球side arm delivery 体侧投出 5、赛跑 Racelane 分道athletic fields 田径场outside lane 外道inside lane 里道straight 直道bend 弯道track/race course 跑道Tartan 踏当塑胶跑道100-metre sprint (dash)100米跑middle-distance race 中距离跑long-distance race 长距离跑steady running 匀速跑full run 全力跑comfortable running 放松跑standing start 站立式起跑crouch start 蹲距式起跑false 起跑犯规starting line 起跑线starting block 起跑器starting signal 起跑信号basic speed 基本速度jump finish 猛扑撞线finishing line 终点线burst for the tape 终点冲刺jump the gun 抢跑drop out 弃权calling the roll 点名collecting 检录four by one hundred metres relay race 4100米接力跑relay baton 接力棒take-over zone 接力区take-over接棒baton exchange 传接棒passing of the baton 传棒upward pass 上挑式传棒 downward pass 下压式传棒110-metre high hurdles 110米高栏coming up to the hurdle 上栏dripping over the hurdle 上体压栏driving down off the hurdle 下栏take-off spot 起跨点getting over the hurdle 过栏touchdown 落地step(space) between the hurdle 栏间步（距离）judge for field(track) events 田（径）赛裁判referee for field(track) events田（径）赛裁判长timekeeper 记时员chief timekeeper记时长 （三）、体操 Gymnasticsacrobatic gymnastics 技巧运动free exercises 自由体操keep-fit exercises 保健操free-standing exercises 徒手体操group exercises 团体操mat exercises 垫上运动forward lunge 弓箭步handstand 手倒立lying flat on back 仰卧arms upwards 两臂上举arms forwards 两臂前平举arms sideways 两臂侧举chin-up 引体向上quick forward somersault 前滚翻raise on toes 提踵layout 直体tuck 抱膝head down on chest 低头含胸lifting the chest 挺胸bend leg 屈膝腿somersault front pike 屈体前翻somersault back tuck 屈体后翻flip turn 滚翻leg extended 腿伸直good form 正确姿势pressing leg in front 正压腿pressing leg at side 侧压腿setting-up exercises 广播体操arms stretch 上肢运动head rolls 头部运动arms and legs exercises 四肢运动chest exercises扩胸运动legs up exercises腿部运动sides exercises体侧运动twisting exercises体转运动belly and back exercises腹背运动skipping exercises 跳跃运动cooling down exercises整理运动 （四）、球类运动 Sports of balls1、篮球 Basketballbasketball court 篮球场3-second zone 三秒区center circle 中圈division line 中线end-line 底线boundary line 端线side-line 边线free throw line 罚球线front(back) court 前（后）场backboard 篮板ring 篮圈cord net 篮网shot 投篮hook shot 勾手投篮middle-distance shot 中距离投篮jump shot 跳投set shot 原地投篮chest shot 胸前投篮stop shot 急停投篮act of shooting 投篮动作making a goal 投中得分missing the basket 投篮不中over-the-rim shot 扣篮stride lay-up 跨步上篮blocking a shot 盖帽long(short) pass 长（短）传球bounce pass 反弹传球fake pass 假传球floor pass传地滚球underhand pass 低手传球catching the ball 接球filling-in 补防stealing the ball夺球standing dribble 原地运球high (low)dribble 高（低）运球arch dribble 弧线运球cross over dribble 换手运球driving in 运球突破picking up the dribble停止运球cutting in 切入first(second) half 上（下）半场starting the clock 比赛开始foul 犯规shouldering以肩撞人犯规striking 打人犯规 hacking 打手犯规technical foul 技术犯规blocking阻挡犯规grabbing 拉人犯规personal foul 侵人犯规pushing 推人犯规charging 撞人犯规carrying the ball 带球走running with the ball带球跑time-out暂停stopping the watch 停表illegal dribble运球违例change of players 换人post /pivot /centre中锋forward 前锋guard 后卫offence/attack 进攻set offence 阵地进攻man-for-man defence 人盯人防守two-one-two zone defence 2-1-2区域联防combination defence 混合防守bank ball 篮板球carom ball擦板球follow-in 跟进screen 掩护post/pivot 策应pressing 紧逼shift 补位break loose 摆脱 2、排球 Volleyballnet 球网net post网柱height of the net 球网高度attack line 限制线vertical rod 标志杆first passer一传队员 setter二传 attacker / spiker / smasher扣球手blocker/stopper 拦网队员server发球队员 receiver接发球队员overhand service 上手发球underhand service 下手发球change of service换发球 alternation 轮换发球drop short service发近网吊球serve point 发球得分overhead pass 上手传球forearm pass 下手传球dig pass 垫球quick spike 快扣球dropping the ball 吊球reception 接球volley 托球retrieving a ball 救球skip 垫步floater 飘球netball 擦网球on line 压线球spike out 扣球出界double contact两次触球double hit 连击holding 持球touching with the net 触网 3、足球 Footballfootball field 足球场center field 中场halfway line 中线own goal 本方球门opponents goal 对方球门corner area 角球区upfield 前场boundary line 界线goal mouth 球门门口goal post 球门柱goal area 球门区penalty arc 罚球弧penalty spot 罚球点forward line 锋线football team 足球队footballer 足球队员goal keeper 守门员midfield player 中场队员forwards 前锋backs 后卫front player 锋线队员line-up 阵容left(right) wing 左（右）翼three against one 三打一down-the-middle thrust 中路突破defensive wall 防守人墙breakaway attack 快速反击close man-to-man 紧逼人盯人wall of players 人墙flying kick 正踢free kick 任意踢toe kick 足尖踢heel kick 足跟踢corner ball 角球place kick 定位球direct free kick 直接任意球bicycle kick倒勾goal kick 球门球kick-off 开球running kick 跑动踢球indirect free kick 间接任意球throw-in 掷界外球one-touch passing 一脚传球rushing for the ball争球clean pass 妙传pass forward 直传long pass 长传head pass 头顶传球indirect pass 间接传球break-through 突破picking up a pass 接传球clog 堵截heading 顶球heading at a goal 顶球射门header 头球shooting 射门full instep shot 正脚背射门volley shot凌空射门falling shot 倒地射门chipping the shot 捅射crashing shot 猛射scoring a goal 攻进一球banana shot 香蕉球lofting a ball 吊球ball in the play 死球dangerous play 危险动作ball control 控制球sliding 铲球off-side越位beating an opponent 过人miskick 漏球near miss 临门失脚 4、乒乓球 Table Tennistable 球台left corner 左角playing surface 台面edge of table 台边bat/racket 球拍pen-hold grip 直拍握法hand-shake grip 横拍握法sponge bat 海绵拍hammer大力扣杀 strong drive大力抽杀 topspin上旋 backspin下旋 service发球 backhand 反手 forehand 正手loop 弧圈球smash 扣球chop 搓球cut 削球half volley with push 推挡lifting the ball 拉球block 挡球exchanging drives 对抽chopping the chop 对削（搓球）chop over the table 台内削球net ball 擦网球edge ball 擦边球team event 团体项目doubles 双打mixed doubles 混合双打singles 单打deuce 局末平分5、羽毛球 Badmintonbackhand grip 反手握拍法forehand grip 正手握拍法midcourt 中区left(right) service court 左（右）发球区forehand court 右场区backhand court 左场区singles(doubles) court 单（双）打球场shuttlecock 羽毛球badminton 羽毛球拍hard smash 大力扣杀backhand drive 反手平抽backhand shot 反手击球backhand smash 反拍扣球forehand smash 正手扣球miss 失误hand-in 有发球权quick close-up I快速封网net blocking 封网let 重发球double hit 连击rally 连续对打high clea