2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练三段落大意类.docx

阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三)段落大意类A(2017烟台诊断)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt a relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average.“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. “Children should take_into_account their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested.“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what proper amounts of help means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：祖父母适当照顾孙辈对身体有益【语篇导读】德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。1What is the caregiving study based on?AHuman evolutionary history.BDemand of modern society.CSocial contact between relatives.DData on many elderly people.解析：D推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。2In Arpinos opinion, childcare _.Ais sure to keep old people away from illnessesBallows old people to live a more meaningful lifeCcreates more job opportunities for old peopleDmakes social activities inaccessible to old people解析：B推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpinos opinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?ALimit.BIgnore.CFavor. DConsider.解析：D词义猜测题。根据上文中too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities及后面的“. their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take into account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。4What does the last paragraph tell us?AGrandparents can do anything in their own interests.BGrandparents should share more social responsibilities.CProper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.DCaregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。长难句分析：Overall, after accounting for grandparents age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.句式分析：本句为主从复合句。其中，Overall在此为副词，在句中作状语；after为介词，其后接动名词短语作宾语；两个who均引导定语从句；compared with grandparents who.为过去分词短语作状语。句意：总的来说，在考虑祖父母的年龄和大致的健康状况后，与那些没照顾孙辈的祖父母相比，那些照顾孙辈的祖父母在20年间的死亡风险要低三分之一。B(2017湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试)Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.See, my dog and 24/7 companion was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.It is suggested in the book Adult Crying：A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方法。【难句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一 次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。5What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?ACrying is a raw human emotion.BCrying is an emotion beyond control.CCrying is an emotion showing sadness.DCrying is an emotion showing happiness.解析：A考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。6Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?AThey cry over different matters.BThey cry at different times of life.CWomen cry more often over deaths.DMen are more likely to have tears of joy.解析：D考查细节理解。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。7What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death?AA sign of strength.BA sign of weakness.CBehavior of being womanish.DA way of reducing emotional stress.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。8Whats the best title for the text?AMen, never cry like womenBMen, its OK to cry sometimesCCrying solves psychological problemsDCrying explains differences between men and women解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。C(2017广西重点高中二模)People love cellphones, which is why nine in ten Americans own one. But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns. Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with all increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain. The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note.Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Still, he calls the new studys findings “significant”. They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says.Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequency or RF radiation is a type known as nonionizing (非电离的). Unlike Xrays, nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as Xrays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.In very large doses (量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage. But its not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use. Five years ago, the World Health Organizations International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)”Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time. But notice that IARC was not certain. It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。【难句分析】Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet.分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句。why such a link might exist为why引导的宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。译文：Jonathan Samet指出，事实上，尽管在老鼠身上进行的研究发现手机辐射和癌症之间有联系，但却没有提供线索表明这种联系为什么可能存在。9Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？Afigures out Bputs outCrefers to Dadds to解析：D考查词义猜测。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。10In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?AIt assists him with his teaching.BIt in