感叹句,宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句.docx

感叹句（试题研究P236）形式结构例句What 引导What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+（主+谓）！What a beautiful present (it is)!What +形容词+可数名词复数+（主+谓）！What interesting books（they are）!What +形容词+不可数名词+（主+谓）！What nice music（it is）!How引导How + 形容词/副词+主+ 谓！How fine the weather is! / How well he plays the violin!How + 主+ 谓！How time flies!How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+(主+谓)！How careful a girl (she is)!注：感叹句用法口诀：感叹句，表情感，how与what放句前。名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。若是名前乱糟糟，how放句首莫迟疑。为使句子更简洁，主谓部分可省略。宾语从句：（试题研究P239）宾语从句的做题注意事项：1.判断语序。宾语从句为陈述句语序。2.判断时态。（1）需要性原则：主句若是现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句时态随句意。（2）呼应性原则：主句若是过去时（包括一般过去时，过去进形式），从句用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（3）特殊性原则：若从句表示客观事实或真理。无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。3.判断引导词。that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。连接代词：what / which/ who/ whose/ whom 在从句中作一定的成分，如：主 ，宾 ，定。连接副词：when（表时间）/ where（表地点）/ why（表原因）/ how（表方式）If/whether 意为“是否”不作成分，不可省略，whether可与or not 连用，if 不可与其连用。定语从句（试题研究P241） 定语从句三看原则：一看指人还是物。二看句中作何成分。三看是否特殊。先行词关系代词句子成分例句人who/that作 主语He is a man who/that often helps others.who/whom/that作宾语He is the man (whom/that/who) you would like to see.The man to whom I am talking is my uncle.whose作定语Is there anyone whose father is a doctor?物that/which作 主语Its a computer that/which costs 6,000 yuan.作宾语I like the skirt (that/which)my mother bought me yesterdaywhose/of which作定语Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red.人+物that作 主/宾They talked about things and persons that they remembered.关系副词where（地点）, when （时间）,why（原因）只能用关系代词that的情况：1.先行词时不定代词something , anything ,everything, nothing , all ,little, few, much, none, some,等时。As we know , all that can be done has been done.2.先行词被the only ,the very, the right ,the last, 等词修饰时。It is the only word that I dont know in the passage.3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词时。This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.He was the first that gave us some useful advice.4.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing over there?只能用关系代词which的情况：关系代词前有介词时This is the house in which they lived last year.先行词本身为that, those 时Whats that which was put in the box.状语从句：（试题研究P210）状语从句从属连词含义用法时间状语从句when当时while当时as当时before在以前once一旦until直到为止till直到为止since自从以后主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。after在之后as soon as一就遵循主将从现条件状语从句if如果从句用一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时（主将从现）主句为祈使句，一般将来时，或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表将来。unless如果不，除非unless 可以转化为ifnot结构。（主将从现）as long as只要（主将从现）让步状语从句though虽然引导让步状语从句时，不能与but同时使用。although尽管even though / if即使whatever无论什么等于no matter whatwhenever无论何时等于no matter when原因状语从句because因为表示造成某种情况的直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句，不能与so同时使用。since既然语气比because 弱，表示众所周知的原因。as由于语气比since弱，表示总所周知的原因，引导的从句谓语主句前后均可。方式状语从句as照的方式as if / though似乎/ 好像结果状语从句sothatso+如此以至于 形容词/副词 当so that 引导的结+that从句 many/few+可数名词复数 果状语从句是否定句时可以与 much/little（少）+不可数名词 too+形容词/副词+to+动原互换