Unit Three.doc

Unit ThreeObjectivesPracticeIntensive ReadingListening practiceReadingWritingCommunicative EnglishI. Words: fierce, violent, overcome, counsel, conquer, cavern, comparative, wicked, earnestly, spare, gloomy, tame, yoke, plough, stake, defend, bind, endure, companion, breeze, toss II. Phrases: be likely to, have done with sth./ sb., be angry at/about/with, set sb. /sth. free, be in danger(of), think about, in the future, the ends of the earth, make trouble, be afraid of, pull out, be devoted to, make no difference to sth /sb, give a thought toI. Grammatical Structures to Learn:1) He often thought about what would be likely to happen in the future2). He begged Zeus so earnestly to spare them that Zeus agreed to do so.3). After this, all the other creatures were afraid of man.II. Grammar-句子类型（Types of Sentences）III. The exercises about the text and grammarPart One - Intensive ReadingRed Flower of FireI. Introduction This story, which is about one of the Titans called Prometheus, is taken from the Ancient Roman and Greek Mythology. In order to help the men of the earth to make their lives easier and more comfortable, he stole the red flower of fire from Zeus. But this act offended the king of the gods, he was imprisoned and underwent a lot of hardships. Prometheus did not lose his heart and persisted in his belief that one day he would be released. At last, when Prometheus was set free, he continued to help humans and made them the strongest in the world.II. New words fierce, violent,overcome, counsel, conquer, cavern, toss, comparative, wicked, earnestly, spare, gloomy, tame, yoke, plough, stake, fend, bind, endure, companion, breezeIII. Text learningPre-reading tasks:(1) Have you ever read Greek or Roman Mythology?(2) Is there any myth story or legend that impresses you most? If yes, what is it? Red Flower of Fire 1 There once lived a race of huge giants called Titans. These giants were fierce, violent, and lawless-always fighting among themselves and against Zeus, the king of the gods. One of the Titans, whose name was Prometheus, was wiser than the rest. He often thought about what would be likely to happen in the future. When he asked his brothers to stop fighting among themselves, he failed. So he helped Zeus to overcome them and had done with them. At last with the help of the wise counsel of Prometheus, Zeus conquered the Titans, took them to the ends of the earth, and imprisoned them in a deep underground cavern. As the Titans could now make no more trouble, there was comparative peace and quiet on the earth. 2 Nevertheless, Zeus said that, although the men who remained on the earth were not so strong as the Titans, they were foolish and wicked race, he would destroy them. But Prometheus loved these men of the earth. He begged Zeus so earnestly to spare them that Zeus agreed to do so. At this time, men lived in dark gloomy caves. Their friend, Prometheus, taught them to build simple houses, which were much more comfortable than the caves had been. This was a great step forward. But men needed more help yet from him. The beasts in the forests, and the great birds that build their nests on the rocks were strong; but men were weak. The lion had sharp claws and teeth; the eagle had wings; the turtle had a hard shell; but man had no weapon with which he could defend himself. Prometheus said that man should have Zeuss wonderful flower of fire, which shone so brightly in the sky. So he went up to Olympus, stole the red flower of fire, and brought it down to earth. After this, all the other creatures were afraid of man, for this red flower had made him strong than they. Man dug iron out of the earth and made weapons with the help of his new fire. He tamed the wild cattle by the fear of it, yoked them together, and taught them how to draw the plough. He sharpened strong stakes, hardening them in its heat, and set them around his house as a defense from his enemies. With the red flower he did also many other things.3 When Zeus saw man becoming stronger and stronger, he knew that Prometheus stole his shining red flower. He was very angry with this act, and then ordered to take Prometheus and bind him fast to a great rock in the lonely Caucasian Mountains and made him suffer a lot. But this frightful punishment did not last forever. Prometheus himself knew that some day he should be set free, and his knowledge made him strong to endure. At last, the time came when Zeuss throne was in danger, and Prometheus, pitying his enemy, told him a secret which helped him to make everything safe again. After this, Zeus sent Hercules to break the Titans chains. When Prometheus was set free, he went to the men and told them how to make the best use of the red flower of fire, which made the men the strongest in the world. IV. Language Points1. There once lived a race of huge giants called Titans.从前，有一个地方住着一群叫泰坦的巨人。1）这是there存在句的一种变体，2）表示“存在”概念。there用以引导一个句子，3）其动词，4）尤其是be动词，5）经常置于主语前，6）主语通常是不7）确定的。类似的表示存在概念的不8）及物谓语动词还有 exist, remain, lie, stand, live, seem, appear, come 等。例如：There are 30 students in our classThere stands a big tree in front of the house.Behind the house there lies a river.There seems no doubt about it.There appeared to be no one who could answer the teachers question.There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.3) called titans 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的 huge giants.例如：I like to read the novels written by Tolstoy.2.One of the Titans, whose name was Prometheus, was wiser than the rest.泰坦中有一个名叫普罗米修斯，他比其他巨人聪明。Whose name was Prometheus这是一个由whose引导的非限定性定语从句，对前面的内容one of the titans起补充说明的作用。例如：I know the middle-aged man, whose books are very popular with young people.我认识这位中年人，他写的书深受年轻人的喜爱。3 He often Thought about what would be likely to happen in the future.他经常思考将来可能会发生什么。1) think about(a)consider orexamine sth to see if it is desirable, practicable,etc考虑，盘算例如：Ill think about it and let you know tomorrow.(b) recall 想起，回顾例如：Do you ever think about your childhoos2) likely adj. (-ier, -iest)(a) that is expected很可能发生的，有希望的例如：Is he likely to win?He is a likely young man.(b) that seems reasonable, suitable, or right for a purpose似乎合理/合适的，好像适当的例如：This looks a likely field for mushrooms.Thats a likely excuse.(c) sb/sth be likely to do sth; it + be likely that-clause = be expected很可能的例如：She is very likely to see me off tomorrow.Its very likely that she will see me off tomorrow.He is not likely to succeed.likely adv. most likely/ very likely/ as likely as not = probably或许，大概，很可能例如：I shall very likely be here again next month.As likely as not she has forgotten all about it. 3) in the future将来例如：Who knows what will happen in the future?谁知道将来会发生什么事？c.f. in future: from now on从今以后，今后例如：Please dont be late in future.今后请不要迟到。4. So he helped Zeus to overcome them and had done with them.因此他去帮助宙斯征服他们并与他们断绝了一切关系。have/be done with sth: have finished with sth, finished dealing with sb/sth; be rid of 做完；与某人/某事物再无联系；废除例如：Lets spend another half an hour working and then have done with it.我们再做半个小时把它完成吧。He made up his mind to have done with his old friends who took drugs. 他决心不再与吸食毒品的老朋友们往来。Thats a custom that should be done with.那是个应该废除的习俗。5. At last with the help of the wise counsel of Prometheustook them to the ends of the earth宙斯听取了普罗米修斯的计谋，最终征服了泰坦巨人，并将他们带到尘世的边缘The ends of the earth: the remotest regions; the most remote parts of the world 天涯海角例如：I would go to the ends of the earth to see her again.哪怕走到天涯海角，我也要再次见到她。6. As the Titans could now make no more trouble, there was comparative peace and quiet on the earth.由于泰坦巨人不再制造任何麻烦，尘世变得较为和平宁静。1）make trouble (for sb): cause trouble (for sb) 制造麻烦，捣乱例如：If I say no, he will only make trouble for me.我要是说个“不”字，他准跟我过不去。9）comparative adj. measured or judged by comparing; relative相对的，比较而言的例如：In a poor country, owing a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth.在贫穷的国家，有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象征。c.f. comparable adj. able or suitable to be compared可比较的，适合比较的例如：His work is comparable with the best. 他的工作可以与最优秀的相比。Compare A to B: 把A比作B；喻为，比拟例如：诗人一直把睡眠比作死亡。Compare with sb/sth: 和某人、某事物相比，和比较This cannot compare with that.c.f. comparison n. by/in comparison (with) : 与比较起来例如：The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those in New York. 伦敦最高的建筑物与纽约的比起来要低。7. Nevertheless, Zeus said that, although the men who remained on the earth were not so strong as the Titans, they were foolish and wicked race, he would destroy them.然而，宙斯认为虽然尘世间的人没有泰坦巨人强壮，但他们却是愚昧而邪恶的种族，他声称同样要消灭他们。not so as是形容词的原级比较，用来描述人与人，事与事之间在某一方面的相同或不同。其基本结构为：as+形容词原级+as; not so/as+形容词原级+as例如：He is as tall as his father.He is not so/as tall as his father.8. He begged Zeus so earnestly to spare them that Zeus agreed to do so.他如此诚恳地请求宙斯宽恕他们，最后宙斯答应了他的请求。so that在sothat中，so后接形容词或副词；在名词前由many, much, few, little等词修饰时，要用sothat译为“如此以至于”例如：She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.c.f. such that such后面接名词。译为“如此以至于”例如：He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.9.After this, all the other creatures were afraid of man, for this red flower had made him stronger than them.有了火花以后，其他所有动物都开始害怕起人类来，因为这红色的火花使人类比它们更加强大。1) afraid adj.(a)be afraid (of sth/sb): be frightened (of) 畏惧，(b)害怕例如：There is nothing to be afraid.(c)be afraid of doing sth/be afraid + that clause: be worried or anxious about the possible result of sth恐怕，担忧或忧虑（某事物可能产生的后果）例如：I didnt mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him.I didnt mention it because I was afraid that I might upset him.(c)be afraid to do sth: be worried to担心，不敢例如：She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢吵醒她的丈夫。7) make sb/sth adj; make sb/sth do sth/done 使役动词make后接的宾语补足语可以是形容词，过去分词，也可以是动词不定式，但是动词不定式要省去to。例如：The news made her happy.Can you make the machine go slower?The old man could not make his voice heard.10. He was very angry at this act, and then ordered to take Prometheus and bind him fast to a great rock in the lonely Caucasian Mountains and made him suffer a lot.宙斯对此十分恼火。于是，他命令捉拿普罗米修斯，把他牢牢地绑在荒芜的高加索山上的一块巨石上，让他经历了许多痛苦。a)be angry at: be filled with anger at what sb does or says （因某人的言行）生气例如：He was angry at being delayed.他因被耽搁而生气。c.f. be angry about: be filled with anger about sth.（因某事）生气例如：He was angry about the delay.他因耽搁而生气。c.f. be angry with sb: be filled with anger with sb（因某人）生气例如：我因犯了这么愚蠢的错误而在生自己的事。b)bind sb/sth to sth = bind sth and sth together.将绑在上；将捆或绑在一起。例如：he was bound to a chair.他被绑在一把椅子上。11. Prometheus himself knew that some day he should be set free, and his knowledge made him strong to endure.普罗米修斯知道，终有一天他会获得自由，正是这个想法使他勇敢地忍受着痛苦。1)set sb/sth free: make sb/sth free; release sb or liberate s使某人/某物自由，释放例如：The man was pardoned and set free.那个人获赦并被释放。2)endure v.(a) undergo pain, hardship, etc.忍受，忍耐（痛苦，艰难等）例如：He endured for three years in prison for his religious beliefs.他因宗教信仰而受了三年牢狱之苦。(b) bear; put up with （尤用于否定句）容忍例如：I cant endure his unreasonable action.我不能容忍他的无礼行为。(c) last; continue in existence持久，持续例如：These traditions have endured throughout the ages.这些传统世代相传至今。c.f. endurable adj. that can be endured; bearable可忍耐的，可容忍的，可忍受的例如：I found the woman scarcely endurable.我觉得这个女人难以忍受。c.f. enduring adj. continuing in existence; lasting持久的，持续的例如：Her influence was the most enduring of all.她的影响是最持久的。c.f. endurance n. state of power of enduring 忍耐力例如：He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.他在生病的整个时期都表现出非凡的忍耐力。12. At last, the time came when Zeuss throne was in danger, and Prometheus, pitying his enemy, told him a secret which helped him to make everything safe again.宙斯的王位岌岌可危的时刻终于到来了。由于普罗米修斯善待他的敌人，再次告诉宙斯一个能帮助他转危为安的秘诀。Be in danger (of): be likely to suffer from 有危险，有危险例如：Her life was in danger.她有生命危险。He was in danger of losing his life.他有丧命的危险。V. Summary This passage tell us something about Prometheus and his contributions to Human bieng. While you are reading this passage, you should master languages points mentioned above.IV. Assignment1. Review the language points2. Do the exercises about Vocabulary, Structure and Translation.3. Preview Part Iv and Part VPart Two - the exercisesComprehension of the textI. Choose the best answer to complete following sentences.1. The reason why Prometheus helped Zeus conquer the Titans is that _ A. the Titans were always fighting against Zeus to get more power. B. the Titans were evil race threatening the men of the earth. C. these giants, his brothers were not so wiser as him. D. he failed in stopping them from fighting, so he had to turn to Zeus for help.2. Zeus declared that he would destroy the men of the earth because _. A. they were as strong as the Titans and fighting against him B. he thought they were foolish and wicked race C. he wanted to create a better world D. they wouldnt listen to him, which made him very angry3. Prometheus stole ther ed flower of fire in order to _. A. make men strong enough to defend animals B. give warmth to men so that they would not die in cold. C. help men cook food so that they neednt eat raw and cold food D. cooking raw and cold food and keeping themselves warm4. Men did many things with the red flower that Prometheus had stolen except _. A. making weapons with the help of it B. taming the wild cattle by the fear of it C. hardeing strong stakes in its heat so as to set them around his house as a defense D. cooking raw and cold food and keeping themselves warm5. Prometheus was set free finally because _. A. Prometheus told Zeus a secret, which helped Zeus to make his throne safe again B. men became stronger than Zeus and defeated him at last C. Hercules shot the eagle and broke his chains voluntarily to show respect for him D. other Gods begged Zeus and he finally agreedKeys: DBADA II. Answer the following questions with the information youve got from the text.1. Where were the Titans imprisoned when they were conquered by Zeus? (para. 1)2. Why were men weaker than animals at that time? (Para.2)3. Why did Zeus bind Prometheus to a great rock in the lonely Caucasian Mountains? (Para. 3)4. What made Prometheus so strong as to endure the painful sufferings? (Para.3)5. Do your think Prometheus is a hero? Why?Keys: 1.The ends of the earth.2. Man had no weapons with which he could defend himself.3. Because he knew that Prometheus stole his shining red flower to help human and got angry.4. He had the belief that some day he should be set free.5. Yes. He loved peace and tried his best to maintain peace. He was brave enough to face all the difficulties. .VocabularyIV. Find the definition in column B which matches the words or expressions in column A. A B1. overcome2. be in danger3. set free4. endure 5. fierce 6. violent 7. comparative 8. earnestly9. defend 10. spare( ) a. protect, guard( ) b. release( ) c. be likely to suffer from ( ) d. having sth to do with comparison( ) e. show mercy to ( ) f. violent and angry( ) g. honestly ( ) h. put up with, suffer patiently( ) i. defeat ( ) j. invovling great physical forcekeys1i 2c 3b 4h 5f 6j 7d 8g 9a 10eV. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets. Change the form when necessary. 1. He was _ at being kept waiting. (anger)2. The high wall was built as a _ against intruders. (defend)3.The sea is _ for ships on such stormy days. (danger)4. Poets often _ sleep to death. (comparative)5. Dont make jokes! He is a terribly _ young man. (earnestly)6. The child was _ to death by the violent thunderstorm. (afraid)7. Their suffering was _ to see. (pity)8. It is so _ out here in the country. (peace)9. They have broken the _ between us. (agree)10. They may not be millionaires but they are very _. (comfort) Keys: 1.angry 2. defence 3.dangerous 4.compare 5.earnest 6.frightened 7.pitiful 8.peaceful 9.agreement 10.comfortableVI.Complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word or words from the four choices.1 She is thinking _ changing her job.A. of B. about C. back D. for2 She is very _ to ring me tonight.A. possible B. probable C. likely D. like3 _ the help of the teacher, I have made a great progress in my studies.A. On B. With C. At D. In4 As the Titans could make no more trouble, there was comparative peace and quiet _ on them.A. in B. on C. with D. up5 George had _ much work to do that he was staying lat at the office.A. such B. too C. so D. very6 Today is _ it was yesterday.A. so cold as B. so cold so C. as cold as D. as cold so7 At that time man had no weapons _ which he could defend himself.A. with B. against C. from D. for8 I live all _ but I never feel _.A. lonelyalone B. alonelonely C. lonelonely D. lonelylone9 There once live