英国文学史 复习资料 大纲 英语专业必考.doc

1 作家作品连线 1. Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟 The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议）The House of Fame(声誉之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2. William Shakespeare莎士比亚Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King Lear，Macbeth 3. Francis Bacon培根 （Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life（轮婚姻和单身）, Of Studies4. John Donne邓恩 (Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人) Song and Sonnets（歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5. John Milton 弥尔顿 Paradise Lost（失乐园）、 Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6. Daniel Defoe笛福 The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、Captain Singleton(辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜）7. Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels（格列佛游记） A Tale of a Tub （一只桶的故事）,A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8. William Blake布莱克 Song of Innocence（天真之歌）, Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches（诗的素描）, The Book of Thel（塞尔书） 9. Robert Burns彭斯Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose, 10. William Wordsworth华兹华斯I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11. Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），Biographia Literia （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12. Jane Austen简奥斯丁 Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释 1、 Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic.2、 Humanism(人文主义):In the 15th century, It is aphilosophicalandethicalstance that emphasizes the value andagencyofhuman beings, individually and collectively preferscritical thinkingand evidence over established doctrine or faith. Thomas More wrote Utopia.3、 Renaissance（文艺复兴）: The term originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. It started in the 15th century. Thomas More wrote Utopia.4、 Metaphysical poetry（玄学派）: In the17th century , metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Donne wrote Songs and Sonnets.5、 Neoclassicism（新古典主义）: A revival in the 17th agogo of order, balance, and harmony in literature. Alexander Pope（亚历山大蒲柏）translated Homers epic The Iliad and Odyssey”6、 Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: In the 18th century, the Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers travels.7、 Essay（散文）: A piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point or view. The essay was flourished in the 18th century because of the fiction. Daniel Defoe wrote the Robinson Crusoe.8、 Sentimentalism（感伤主义）: In the 18th century, sentimentalism came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. The Deserted Village was written by Oliver Goldsmith.9、 Romanticism（浪漫主义）: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century. Robert Burns wrote A Red ,Red Rose.10、 Sonnet（十四行诗）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. Sonnet 18 is one of important sonnets written by Shakespear.十四行诗很多， 我没确定哪个世纪。三、解答1. 就莎士比亚的一部作品做出解析Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeares humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.The play opens with Hamlets appearing in a mood of world-weariness caused by his fathers death and by his mothers hasty marriage with his uncle, and ends up with the death of major characters.Hamlet is a man free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man, and a firm belief in mans power over destiny. Shakespeare expressed the traditional aspects of themes, such as hesitation, inherited sin and corruption, sons seeking revenge, deception, ambition, madness, loyalty, empty existence.Hamlet is usually regarded as the summit of his art.2. 鲁滨逊漂流记的人物形象和情节Plot: It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely island. He lives on this lonely island and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England. Characteristics Robinson Crusoe who desires adventure never gives in the simple life. He is not a traditional hero or epic adventurer. He is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to describe himself as an ordinary sensible man never as an exceptional hero.3. 乔叟对英国文学的贡献Geoffrey Chaucer is an outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and “the first finder of our language.” His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English. He also contributed importantly in the second half of the 14th century to the management of public affairs as courtier, diplomat, and civil servant. In that career he was trusted and aided by three successive kingsEdward III, Richard II, and Henry IV. But it is his avocationthe writing of poetryfor which he is remembered.4. 在失乐园指撒旦的形象（The Image of Satan）(1)Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem.(2)Satan is the real hero of the poem. He is admired and respected by his fellow-angels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution)(3)Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.5. 培根散文节选段落评价(Characteristics of Bacons Essays)是不是应该选择一个文章来评价？比如谈读书什么的？这是对于他全集的评价Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and age and many othersThey have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (简短) and force of expression选择了（论读书）Of studies in detail discussed thepurpose and function ofreading,analyzesmany different attitudes towardsreading and introduces the methodsof reading.Baconin this this essay uses theparallelism. This essayisone of theimportant article.Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸饰文体)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. 6. 傲慢与偏见的情节(Pride and Prejudice)Elizabeth was born to a family of small landowners four sisters, Jane, Mary, Katie and Lydia. They have a little monotonous quiet life along with the two young guys coming up and it is undeniable and eliminate the waves. Bingley is healthy and progressive and rich Darcy is a good friend, became acquainted with the town lure of this home.Elizabeth is both intelligent and strong-minded woman. Although Darcy and Elizabeth from Pride and Prejudice, respectively, while the other left out, unaware of their true mind, but they really attracted to each other. Finally, in Elizabeths sister after the elopement with Lydia, Darcy save her reputation. They gradually eliminatemisunderstanding between them ,eventually engaged.7. 对18世纪英国文学做一个总结（ppt上的）The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. What the writers described in their works were social realities. The main characters were usually common men. Most of the writers concentrated their attention to daily life. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. The main characters in the novels were no longer kings and nobles but the common people. 8. 格列佛游记的情节When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned, he washes ashore upon an exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall! Next he visits a land of incredible giants called Brobdingnagians. They are more than sixty feet tall! He travels to Laputa, a city that floats in the sky, and to Glubbdubdrib, the Island of Sorcerers. His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse, the Houyhnhnms.四、诗歌赏析（赏析:形式、音韵、主题、语言风格。这是老师说的，应该是其中几个方面）1、In terms of content :内容 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）：Songs（韵文)、odes（颂诗）、Elegy（挽诗）2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗）：Epics (史诗) 、ballads（民谣）3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗）2、In terms of metre （音韵）：1) Metrical Poems（格律诗）：Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines2) Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm（自由诗）; Irregular Number of Lines3) Without Rhyme（无韵诗/素体诗）; With Rhythm3、主题：据具体诗歌而定（赞赏* 歌颂*）4、语言风格：Romantic poetry is the flow of imagination, spontaneity（自发性）and powerful feelings五、短篇小说（课本：丹尼尔笛福、乔纳森斯威夫特）1、Different st