国际贸易理论与实务——英语专业专用(英文版).doc

一、 名词解释：54=20分1. International trade is the exchange of goods and services across national borders or territories. 2. General trade system is on the base of national boundary. The general trade system is in use when the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory. 3. The Leontief Paradox refers to the conflict between the conclusion of H-O theory and actual certification. It was introduced by Wassily Leontief who was the pioneer of input-output economics in his Input-output Economics published in 1966. Leontief researched the labor and capital content of the USA imports and exports in 1947 and 1951.4. GSP is a system currency in place where a large number of developed countries permit duty-free entry of a selected list of products if those products are imported from particular developing countries. This duty-free entry exists even though a positive tariff is levied if those products come in from developed countries, or other, richer developing countries.5. Import Quota refers to the restriction imposed on import goods in terms of quantity and total value in a certain period.6. “Voluntary” export restraints In a certain period (usually 3 to 5 years) the exporters take export quotas of some products voluntarily under the pressure or demand of importers.7. Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing signed by the person (drawer), and addressed to another person (drawee), requiring the drawee to pay a stated sum of money to other person (payee) on demand，or at a fixed or determinable future time. 8. General Average is a legal principle of maritime law according to which allparties in a sea venture proportionally share any losses resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole in an emergency. 9. Collection means that the exporter asks his bank to collect payment from the importer.二、 问答题：94=36分1. What are the basic contents of Mercantilism?1) BackgroundEconomic: currency became the only goal Geographical: geographical discovery Political: the bourgeoisie are in alliance with feudal royal2) Mercantilist thoughtView of wealth: gold and silver were the only wealthResource of wealth: foreign tradePrecondition: trade surplus Means to achievement: state intervention 2. What are the basic thoughts of infant industry argument?The infant industry argument is an economic rationale for trade protectionism. The core of the argument is that nascent industries often do not have the economies of scale that their older competitors from other countries may have, and thus need to be protected until they can attain similar economies of scale. 3. What are the differences between the commodity dumping and exchange dumping?Difference：Ways to Reduce Export Price ExecutorScope of goods influencedImpact on importCommodity Dumping Artificially Low the PriceManufactures Individual Commodity No ImpactExchange Dumping Currency devaluationStates All the exportsRestrain Import4. What are the forms of regional economic integration? Give three typical examples.P112-1141) Preferential trade arrangement 2) Free trade area 3) Customs Union 4) Common market 5) Economic union Examples：EU，NAFTA，APEC5. Give examples to illustrate the terms creation and trade diversion.Trade creation : positivel the high-cost home production will be took place by low- cost production of other members. l get consumption benefits & production benefits Example：关税100C20元35元26元B75%Trade diversion : negativel the low-cost imports from non-members turn to high-cost imports from other members .l The local consumers profits are reduced. l The benefit level of the whole world are reduce. Example： 关税30C35元26元B20元6. Compare the commonalities and differences between FOB, CFR and CIF.The commonalities:They are all used in water transportation onlyThe seller delivers on board in port of shipmentThe risk is divided by ships railThey belong to symbolic deliveryThe difference: FOB + F + I = CFR + I = CIFTrade TermsRisksDutiesCostsPass the ships railTransport InsuranceFreightinsurance chargeFOBBuyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer CFRSeller Buyer Seller Buyer CIFSeller Seller Seller Seller 7. Please draw up the flow diagram of L/C. Pay backSend the Doc.to demand paymentOpen L/CDocumentsApplicationPaymentPaymentAdvicePresent documents 受益人（出口商）ShipperDelivery开证申请人（进口商）11. take delivery开证行/付款行通知行/议付行8. What are the difference between bill of exchange, promissory note and check?Bills of exchange: An unconditional order in writing signed by the person (drawer), and addressed to another person (drawee), requiring the drawee to pay a stated sum of money to other person (payee) on demand，or at a fixed or determinable future time. Promissory notes: An unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to an order of, a specified person or to a bearer.Check: It is a sight draft and the bank as the drawee. 三、 计算题：18=8分含佣金的价格换算（见课件）计算步骤：CFR价CIF价含佣价CIF价 = CFR价【1保险费率（1 + 保险加成率）】含佣价 = 净价（即由CFR价转换得到的CIF价） （1 佣金率）四、 案例分析（37=21分）1. More or less clause（溢短装条款） China Rice，100000 metric tons with 2 more or less at Sellersoption China Rice，about 100000 metric tons According to UCP 600, the quantity of delivery cant extend 10% more or less at Sellersoption. China Rice，100000 metric tons According to UCP 600, the quantity of delivery cant extend 5% more or less at Sellersoption.But it cant apply to the quantity calculated by number. The payment of the excess or deficiency Should be paid at contract value or market price of loading or unloading. 是指允许交货时可多交或少交一定比例的数量，只要卖方交货数量在约定的增减幅度范围内，就算是按合同规定数量交货，买方就不得以交货数量不符为由而拒收货物或提出索赔。 Case Study:We imported a batch of wheat from abroad. The contracted quantity was 5 millions M/T, with 10% more or less at sellers option. The foreign exporter shipped 6 millions M/T. How shall we deal with the delivery?Case Study:A company ordered a batch of steal plate amount to 400 M/T: 6 feet, 8 feet, 10 feet and 12 feet 100 M/T respectively, and with 5 % more or less at sellers option. Now the seller delivered as following: 6 feet, 70 M/T; 8 feet, 80M/T; 10 feet, 60 M/T; 12 feet, 210M/T. The total quantity didnt exceed the top limit of 5% .Did the seller have the right to reject? 2. Partial shipment（分批装运）UCP600两个规定 (1) Partial shipmentv It is also called shipment by installments, and it means shipping the commodity under one contract in more than one lot. Partial shipment: according to UCP 600 Unless otherwise specified in L/C, the partial shipment is allowed. The shipping documents apparently indicate that the goods are transported on the same means of conveyance, through the same journey and to the same destination, even if the time of shipment and/or ports of loading are different, it will not be regarded as partial shipment. If the partial shipment is allowed in L/C, and any batch of shipment fail to meet the L/C, and both this batch and batches subsequently lose effectiveness. (3) the clause of partial shipment and transshipmentv Shipment during MayJuneJuly，with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.v During JuneJuly in two shipments，transshipment is Prohibited.v During Nov.Dec. in two equal monthly shipment, to be transshipped at Hongkong.Case study 1v 我某公司对南非出口一批化工产品2000公吨，采用信用证支付方式。国外来证规定：“禁止分批装运，允许转运”。该证并注明：按UCP500办理。现已知：装期临近，已订妥一艘驶往南非的“黄石”号货轮，该船先停靠新港，后停靠青岛。但此时，该批化工产在新港和青岛各有1000公吨尚未集中在一起。如你是这笔业务的经办人，最好选择哪种处理方法。为什么？结论：应选择新港、青岛各装1000公吨。（1）UCPP500规定。（2）本案中找出口公司如在新港、青岛各装10 0 0公吨于同一船（黄石号）、同一航次上，提单虽注明不同装运港和不同装运期限，则不视作分批装运。因此，这种做法应认为符合信用证的规定，银行理应付款。Case study 2v 我公司与外商签订销售合同，出售中国大米10000公吨，合同规定：“自2月份开始，每月装船1000公吨，分十批交货。”卖方从2月份开始交货，但交至第五批大米时，大米品质霉变，不适合人类食用，因而买方以此为