英语祈使句精讲及练习

祈使句精讲及练习一、祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。;命令） Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。;请求） Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。;劝告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。;警告） Look out！Danger！ （小心！危险！;强烈警告，已如感叹句） Keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。;禁止） No parking. （禁止停车。;禁止） 祈使句也常把主语You表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯你去告诉他。）二、相关口令 祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加dont否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。三、表现形式 肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请 这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分;和Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分 。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!练习：将下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 请照看好您的包。 _.2. 让我们去学校吧! _!3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! _!4. 不要把书放这儿。 _.5. 不要让猫进来。 _.1. Please look after your bag2. Lets go to school 3. Be glad, dear4. Dont put the book here 5. Dont let the cat come in / Let the cat not come inlet带头的祈使句由let;带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种： 1.表示“建议”这个句型里的let后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如： (1) Let me try. (2) Lets do it. (3) Let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b: (4) a. Dont disturb him. b. Lets not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。 2.表示间接命令或愿望。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： (5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir. 3.表示警告蔑视威胁等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如：(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. （8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.用let的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：一、let的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用Dont let.（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用Let.not（见例(10)）：(9) Dont let this type of things happen again. (10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 二、Let只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、Let;后头除了是不带to的不定式动词 (The infinitive withoutto)之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等： (13) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (14) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (15) Let me alone, please. 四、用Lets时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用Let us时，并不包括对方，如： (16) Lets try it, shall we? (17) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(18)里的shall we和(18)里的will you，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。英语祈使句练习题( P3 T; B: O) T0 n6 T c; M y,I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。5 h0 J5 a4 z D2 / D% P9 o7 M# j1. Its an important重要的 meeting会议. _ (not, be )late.4 E7 e# x$ Q0 M; h% V2. _ (not,make) any noise噪音! Your mother is sleeping.% R$ * r$ D! H. V W, j8 E6 p c/ w4 L3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite礼貌的. ?# l( * ; C& V4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud大声的.( T+ S! ( p% G( n2 y5. _ (not,leave遗留) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.( k p5 cm: h; s% Y, y6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.- E& v Y, L8 ?3 T7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country国家 will be like. H9 P7 i) R9 U/ 7 J8. _ (not, let) the baby cry哭.0 V6 H# M/ A$ U 4 _9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold感冒.3 : h0 z, q) h# d10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about关于 it. h0 u+ - |7 m* sWII. 选择填空, M, + V; , y0 T. # _9 & X/ e) e2 P0 F1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard辛苦”+ 8 s 7 ik% $ _$ m0 K% P3 b/ O5 f QD0 p, JA Stop W0 A* b9 V. g2 | 4 ZB Dont8 C; g2 F% _* U C Cant1 F0 ?5 Z: A7 H l: x 6 VD No; K5 Y% U+ v# w0 j/ U6 E2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock/ 。， e%A 。F+ p. 8 yV* Y yesw1 P0 A is sure) H2 k j% O. U0 T1 h z2 oB is sure that 7 C0 r/ b9 w6 y( l: IC will be sure6 q+ r* Z9 l w8 U5 e! g D be sure: H# M* X0 ?4 , 4 r, E& - G2 r0 D) w, F) b4 f3._ when you cross the road马路.3 s! Z0 a( S9 g0 o2 y# s+ |3 Y6 P. P: & # d: m6 e) i( A Do care 9 e1 W2 O0 I9 Y : m5 K2 yB Care ( K _9 Y, h7 p+ T. + E; sC Be careful 0 | X1 U7 m3 q7 x2 X mD To be careful8 j9 Y8 p2 s5 & r8 $ m: U) p* b: c) K$ - s& V9 X4. _him the secret, will you?8 m- d2 g0 J1 A9 4 A Dont tell( a; C6 H; & v9 n8 f$ r; F5 B Not to tell4 U9 + e5 j1 o6 N C Not telling( g( g5 x( C& g) K( j! D No tellingHO# |& f* * C1 f8 J) ! & b5 P7 i$ W6 7 x5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.- t mh0 # x7 q$ o7 s) . V5 o; p% B9 v. q, s7 _! DA Not to read * I( G s- v b9 M7 q E( JB Dont read2 F+ W6 h& Yq3 W, ! xC Dont to read & r: & p: c. T) z; D Not read. H# NQ6 w8 A6 Q1 r/ M+ k3 W8 ?6 q 0 e( o5 G6. _ Your child. Well look after him.B0 I; d- Il; W9 Y- dy3 % lA Not to worry about3 i5 v% $ z1 z! & 0 B Dont worry about( E3 J! M; jC Not worry for * KV7 4 t/ nD Dont worry with6 d: ?8 r/ r* I J4 8 G& e# O* S7 y1 * m) i) _% U7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest?% P* O$ s2 8 L9 V; tA not they* cR |/ J1 t B do not they - J- k- x: S4 Z3 L: N C dont they( C% l3 X- F% ?%D not to8 |; b* | U# C8 b: m3 8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest?6 c0 # V! K% j- 4 W/ ?: h i2 - All right.4 e8 L: ( H% b5 i E/A Why not ! jP/ y/ & E/ d1 s2 EB How about怎么样% 5 G1 s& W3 z0 I# E$ kC Why not to- Y3 t1 _6 r7 QD why dont3 B% | C. j1 f* ) 2 9 _ tell a lie.& 6 I3 m) z6 j:A Hardly! q( E5 I( Z% I& E8 s7 d. KB Not# p6 k# w+ o. KC No ( ?/ H, K6 Q& _5 T4 w b9 SD Never绝不 9 Z O; )10.Please _ look outside外面. Look at the blackboard黑板.9 D/ n0 u- t3 S# U1 m) w0 G* U i( _1 9 c8 QA not/ E: ?* X, Q0 C, E+ fB dont 4 + o+ i- X( D9 ?C arent v6 : fF7 O/ TD cant8 R: ; / Z* w: Z. q9 j2 J8 & W- a, U11. Why dont you join us in the game?（同义句）K$ w4 _2 H! ! Y# p5 x7 o% l; i6 i: N$ q% xA What not . . q6 z$ D! L1 OB Why not; rP d5 N4 L/ 3 I& M ) pC Why to c. d2 z3 + G& U1 lD How to1 N: y E% 0 Y. F# U; e$ l ?9 K5 o f5 E6 w& l12 _ go for the book alone, Mrs Zhang.- ! t sc6 u7 J9 K& 2 C- j2 xA Lets( P D7 P1 K6 d8 C f7 A B Let me R, W! L; T) 6 d4 b3 $ v$ E& SC Letus * R* D