最新文档-英国文学简史--Part-II-The-English-Renaissance-PPT精品文档.ppt

Renaissance Flowering 1 PoetrySirPhilipSidney EdmundSpenser JohnLyly SonnetfromShakespeare2 ProseFrancisBacon3 DramaChristopherMarlowe WilliamShakespeare BenJohnson EarlyPlaysinMiddleAges 1 TheMystery MiraclePlays神秘剧 圣迹剧2 TheMoralityPlays道德剧3 TheClassicalPlays古典剧 Question Whatarethesignificancesof3kindsofplays I TheMiraclePlays圣迹剧 1 Choosetherightanswer TheMiracleplayswereatfirstperformedinthe A churchesB marketplaceC wagonD theatreA2 TrueorFalseTheMiracleplayswerenotforbiddentoperforminchurchesaftertheactorsintroducedsecularandevencomicalelementsintotheperformance T 在1599年歌剧诞生之前 戏剧就已经存在了 中世纪的神秘剧 mysteryplay 就是其中最主要的形式之一 其内容主要取材自 圣经 中的故事 包含独唱 重唱 合唱等表达方式 例如著名的 但以理神秘剧 在同时代 还有一种以圣徒殉道为题材的圣迹剧 miracleplay 但流传不如神秘剧广泛 II TheMoralityPlay道德剧 1 Moralityplaysappearedafter A miracleplaysB mysteryplaysC interludeD ClassicalplaysA2 Amoralityplaypresentedthe ofgoodand with personages conflict evil allegorical 道德剧 moralplay 的题材不像前两者那样取自宗教 而是比较世俗化 介于宗教剧与世俗剧之间 这类剧的主人公往往是抽象化的角色 诸如 善 恶 美德 慈悲 真理 死亡 等等 采用拟人的方式来加以表现 主要功用是教化民众 教人抛弃欲望 一心向善 到十六世纪 道德剧越来越世俗化 最终发展成世俗剧 形式也更加多样化 包括世俗插剧 secularinterlude 闹剧 farce 民俗剧 folkplay 和寓言剧 allegoricaldrama 其中闹剧是完全世俗化的戏剧 没有任何宗教成分 民俗剧主要以罗宾汉等家喻户晓的人物为主角 世俗插剧用于节庆演出 寓言剧主要流行于荷兰 比利时等国家 II TheMoralityPlay道德剧 3 isusedtosayanddogoodthings A MercyB FollyC ViceD PeaceA4 Oneofthepopularmoralityplayswas A TheShepherdsB EverymanC ThePlayoftheWeatherD GammerGurton sNeedleB III TheClassicalDrama 1 Throughtherevivalofclassicalliterature Englishplaywrightscameintocontactwith and drama 2 FromthecontactwithGreekandLatindrama Englishplaywrightslearnedalltheimportantrulesin and themoreexactconceptionof and Greek Latin structure style comedy tragedy III TheClassicalDrama 4 ThefirstEnglishcomedyisandthefirstEnglishtragedyis Miracleplays moralityplays interludesandclassicalplayspavedthewayfortheflourishingofdrama Besides advancedLondonTheatresystemandincreasingnumbersofaudienceserveforthedevelopmentofdrama Otherchangesindrama 1 TheInterlude插曲 幕间插入的表演Whatisthepurposeof Interlude Toenliven cheerup theaudienceafterasolemn serious scene Theinterestinginterludeis 2 LondontheatrePlaysproducedforthegeneralpublicRoofless openairNoartificiallightingCourtyardsurroundedby3levelsofgalleries3 Theaudience ThePlayoftheWeather ChritopherMarlowe UniversityWits大学才子派ItwasagroupofElizabethanplaywrightsandpamphleteerswhooncestudiedattheuniversitiesofOxfordorCambridge Latertheysetupasprofessionalwriters sellingtheirlearningandtheirwitstotheLondonpublicofplaygoersandtothepublicaswell ThemostimportantfiguresincludeRobertGreene ThomasKyd JohnLyly ChristopherMarloweandThomasLodge AndthemostgiftedisMarlowe 1564 1593 thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishDrama whofirstmadeblankversetheprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdrama 大学才子派 即 莎士比亚之前英国人文主义戏剧家的总称 马洛 1564 1593 是 大学才子 中最有才华 成就最大的一个 在文学史上享有 诗剧的晨星 英国悲剧之父 的美誉 他是莎士比亚以前英国戏剧界最重要的人物 也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人 首先将无韵诗节运用于戏剧创作中 blankverse 无韵诗 素体诗 Refertop 55Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter 不押韵的五音步诗行theprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdrama alivingthing vigorous fluidandprecise Works Tamburlaine 1587 帖木儿大帝 TheJewofMalta 1592 马耳他的犹太人 TheTragicHistoryofDoctorFaustus 1588 浮士德博士的悲剧 P52 53 ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove after classreading Marlowe sLearningandWorks learnedandknowledgeable astronomy geography medicalscience history GreekepicsandLatin andespecialinterestindrama 3bestplays Tamburlaine 铁木儿 in1587 TheJewofMalta 马耳他岛的犹太人 in1592 Dr Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 in1588 ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove after classreading Marlowe sWorks Tamburlaine 铁木儿 thesubject matter ThecareerofTamburlainetheMongolconqueror ashepherd aKhanfinally Fortune slord Refertotheexcerptsonp 51 cruel inhuman cold blooded heartless Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority Marlowe sWorks TheJewofMalta 马耳他的犹太人 TheheroofTheJewofMaltaisBarabas arichmerchantandaTamburlaineinthenarrowersphereoffinance Multiplechoices isMarlowe smasterpiece A TamburlaineB TheJewofMaltaC TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustusD ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLoveC Marlowe sDoctorFaustus p 52 53 Germanlegend withmorestrikinghumanistcolor 1 Hero DoctorFaustus chieffeature aninsatiablethirstforknowledge 不能满足的 渴望 DoctorFaustussoldhissoultotheDevilsoastogainmagicalpowers Story FaustusisascholaratWittenbergUniversity HeordershisservantWagnertogettwopractitionersofblackmagic Faustuswantstobehisowngod WhenWagnerisaway theGoodAngelandEvilAngelappearandtrytowinFaustusfortheircause Faustusistaughtthebasicsofblackmagic andconjuresup 用魔法召唤 thedevil smessenger Mephistophilis MephistophiliswantstoclaimFaustus soul FaustusandMephistophilismakeadeal 24yearsofservicefromM inexchangeforFaustus oul MephistophilishastoletFaustusinondarkmysteriesoflife Lucifer princeofthedevils tellsMephistophilisthatFaustusmustsignacontractinblood Faustusdoesn tbelieveinhell eventhoughMephistophilistellshimwhatit slike Inthe25yearstocome Faustussometimeswishestorepent 后悔 butittalkedoutofitbyMephistophilis Faustusbecomesfamousforhispowers Onthenightwhenthedealends Faustusconfesseshispacttosomescholarfriends whourgehimtorepentbeforeGod Buthecan t Atmidnight devilscometotakehimaway Faustusgoestohell becausehedesiredmorethanwhatGodpermitsforaman HowisDr FaustusrepresentativeofthespiritoftheRenaissance ThemeItcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge powerandhappiness italsorevealsman sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder Andtheconfinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman scondition Theplay sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious 剧本充分肯定了知识可以征服自然和实现理想的伟大力量 它赞扬了人对知识 力量与欢乐的热爱 揭示了人们在当时严酷的道德秩序中意识到这些渴求要付出的代价 而时间的限制则是人类面临的最严酷的现实 剧本主导的道德精神是人文的而非宗教的 SocialSignificanceofMarlowe sPlays ReflectionofHumanistspirit 1 Thepraiseofindividuality2 Theconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumanefforts Man sreasonandpoweriseverything SocialSignificanceofMarlowe sPlays 2 thespiritoftherisingbourgeoisie eagercuriosityforknowledgeinsatiableappetiteforpower Resolute 坚决的 characterscornoforthodoxcreed信条skepticism 怀疑 towardChristian Tamburlaine DoctorFaustus TheJewofMalta ambition desireforknowledge greedforwealth typicalimagesoftheeraoftheprimitiveaccumulationofcapital 原始资本积累 SocialSignificanceofMarlowe sPlays 3 yetseethedefectsbeyondthegloriesandsatiresuchdesire Theheroesareindividualistswhoseambitionoftenbringsruintotheworldandsometimestothemselves WilliamShakespeare威廉 莎士比亚 Overview 1 Hislife2 Divisionsofhisliterarycareerandhisworks a thefirstperiod 1590 1600 b thesecondperiod 1601 1608 c thethirdperiod 1609 1612 3 Analysisofsomefamousworkssuchas hamlet Othello theMerchantofVenice andsoon 4 IntroductionofShakespeare ssonnets Whowashe WidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinEnglishliteraturePoetanddramatistWrote37plays comedies histories tragediesComposedabout154sonnetsandafewpoemsStartedoutasanactorCommentbyhiscontemporaries Hislife BornApril23 1564inStratford on AvonParentsJohnandMaryArdenShakespeare7brothersandsistersGrammarschoolfromage7to13 Nofurtherformaleducationknown1582atage18marriedAnneHathaway1582 1592 Stratford on Avon埃文河畔斯特拉特福 1592 28yearsold wenttoLondonbecominganactorandplaywright1598beginhistheatrecareer builtGlobeTheatre ownedsharesinit 1610retiredfromtheatre1611diedonApril23atage52 TheTheatreGlobe Itwasbuiltin1599andShakespeareandagroupofactorsputmoneytogethertobuildthetheatre ItwasthefirsttimeeverinEnglandactorshadpaidtobuildatheatre Sothatwasveryspecial AnditbecamethenumberonetheatreinLondonasShakespeare scompanybecamethenumberoneactingcompanyofLondon Soitbecamefrom1599asthenumberonevenuefortheatreandcertainlythenumberonevenueforShakespeare splaysuntil1613 Andin1613theyputonaplayaboutHenryVIIIandtheyhadacannon 火炮 effecttoannouncethearrivalofthekingonstage Butitwasaspecialeffectthatwentbadlywrongbecauseasparkfromthecannonflewupandhittheroofwhichismadeof Thatch 茅草屋顶 Itcaughtfireandthetheatreburnttothegroundduringaperformance Luckilyforallofustoday thetheatrehasbeenrebuiltanditisawonderfulplacetobe literarycareer Shakespeare sliterarycareercanberoughlydividedinto4periods 1 Periodofearlyexperimentation 1590 1594 2 Periodofrapidgrowthanddevelopment 1595 1600 3 Periodofgloomanddepression 1601 1607 4 Periodofcalmafterstorm 1608 1612 AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays thefirst Thefirstperiodofearlyapprenticeship 1590 1594 1 HenryVI PartII III I2 RichardIII3 TheComedyofErrors 错误的喜剧 错中错 4 TitusAndronicus 泰特斯 安庄尼克斯 AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays thefirst 5 TheTamingoftheShrew 驯悍妇 6 TheTwoGentlemenofVerona 维洛那二绅士 7 Love sLabor sLost 爱的徒劳 空爱一场 8 RomeoandJuliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Thefirstperiodofearlyapprenticeship Experimentsinanumberofdramaticform 1 Thehistoricalplay 2 Varietiesofcomedy 3 Therevengetragedy 4 Theromantictragedy 5 Narrativepoems VenusandAdonis 维纳斯和阿道尼斯 2 TheRapeofLucrece 露克丽丝受辱记 TheFirstPeriodofApprenticeship 1590 1594 Shakespeare sfirsttheatricalsuccess HenryVI inthreeacts HenryVI PartIHenryVI PartIIHenryVI PartIII RichardIII firsthistoricaltetralogy 四部曲 historyoftheWaroftheRoses recenthistoryofEngland FourComediesintheFirstPeriod TheComedyofErrorsTheTwoGentlemenofVeronaTheTamingoftheShrewLove sLabor sLost comicconfusionsinthesamecity inoneday twinbrotherswiththeirtwinservants Valentine ProteusSilvia Julia Katharine Petruchio彼得鲁乔 KingofNavarreandhisthreelordsPrincessofFranceandthreeofherattendantladies Earliestsuccessfultragedy RomeoandJuliet TwofamiliesinVerona bitterenmity仇恨theCapuletsandtheMontagues afeast Romeo love secretmarriage kill banishment 流放 marryParis ayoungnobleman sleepingpotion profoundsleep poison die stabwithdagger Thoughatragedy thereisnotinge hint ofpessimismintheplay Itisasongofyouthandtruelove WritingFeaturesoftheFirstPeriod 1 concernedwiththeaffairsofyouthandfullofromanticsentiment2 earlyhistoryplays handlepoliticalthemesandgivehistoricallessons3 extraordinaryfacility 熟练 inexpressionandafelicity 恰当 inthechoiceofphrasesandepithets 表示性质 特征的形容词 FeaturesoftheFirstPeriod 4 notsomuchoncharacterasonfineorwittyspeechandsituationatfirst5 mistakenidentity thebestsourceoffun6 historicalaccuracy notsostrictlyregarded7 anincreasinginsightintocharacterandmind agoodcommandofcharacterizationinRomeoandJuliet FeaturesintheFirstPeriod 8 poeticaldramas importantdialoguesandsoliloquies 独白 assume 采取 形式 theformofpoetry9 theinfluenceofMarlowe blankverseindramawhichdevelopedintoahappyvehicle means toexpressallkindsofthoughtandemotionfreely AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays the2nd 2 thesecondperiodofrapidgrowthandmaturity 1595 1600 1 RichardII 里查德二世 2 AMidsummerNight sDream 仲夏夜之梦 3 KingJohn 约翰王 4 TheMerchantofVenice 威尼斯商人 AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays the2nd 5 HenryIV PartI HenryIV PartII 亨利四世 6 MuchAdoaboutNothing 无事自扰 无事生非 7 HenryV 亨利五世 8 TheMerryWivesofWindsor 温莎的风流女人 AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays the2nd 9 JuliusCaesar 凯撒大帝 10 AsYouLikeIt 如愿 皆大欢喜 11 TwelfthNight 第十二夜 TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity 1594 1600 Aperiodofgreatcomediesandmaturehistoricalplays 6comedies 5historicalplays aRomantragedy andsomesonnets advanceineveryway knowledgewisdompoliticalinsightdramaticskillcreativepowercharacterizationversification 作诗 Writingfeaturesofthe2ndPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity ontheme Incomedies thegeneralspiritisoptimism Althoughtherearesorrow sinandguilty virtueshallhaveitsrewardandtriumphandthewrongshalldisappearbeforetheforcesofgood Inthehistoricalplaysofthesecondperiod differentphases stage period ofEnglishlifeareshownbeforeus ThesecondperiodisShakespeare ssweetandjoyfultime portrayingamagnificentpanorama view ofthemanifold various pursuitsofpeopleinreallife FourGreatComedies TwelfthNight TwinbrotherandsisterSebastianandViolaOliviaOrsino AMidsummerNight sDream Abeautifulfairytale thestruggleforhappinessof2pairsoflovers AsYouLikeit Romantic pastoral TheMerchantofVenice royaltyofBassanio wisdomofPortia greedofShylock Thegreatcomedies 1 Theme Hesangoftheyouth loveandidealofhappiness 2 Characters Heportrayedyoungpeoplefreedfromthefeudalfetters whoweresonsanddaughtersofRenaissance Healsoportrayedshrewdclownsandothercommonpeople Heplacedwomenataprominentplace anewtype TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity 1594 1600 ThefirstperiodmadeShakespeare inthesecondperiod hispositionwassecuredasa andhighlysuccessful admired praisedandrevered respected byeveryone famous dramatist poet greattragediesanddarkcomedies aggravated 加重 tragicnote tone socialupheavalsillatease 不安定 theCrown absolutist专制主义者 risingsIntheatmosphereofgeneralunrest thatShakespeareexposedmercilesslythecomplicatedsocialcontradictions TheThirdPeriodofGloomandSadness 1601 1607 3 thethirdperiodofGloomandSadness 1601 1607 1 Hamlet 哈姆雷特 2 TroilusandCressida 特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达 3 All sWellThatEndsWell 终成眷属 4 MeasureforMeasure 恶有恶报 一报还一报 5 Othello 奥塞罗 AChronologicalListofShakespeare sPlays thethird 6 KingLear 李尔王 7 Macbeth 麦克白 麦克佩斯 8 AntonyandCleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉 9 Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯 10 TimonofAthens 雅典的泰蒙 FourGreatTragedies amassofevil murder lust 不纯洁的欲望 treachery 背叛 ingratitude 忘恩负义 andcrime Hamlet hesitations suspences revenge Othello cheatsofIago埃古 deathofDesdemona Macbeth traitor couplemurder KingLear his3daughtersingratitudeofGoneril Rogan thedeathofCordelia Thegreattragedies 1 Histragedieswereassociatedwithaperiodofgloomandsorrowinhislife 2 Theyshowedthestruggleandconflictsbetweengoodandevil betweenjusticeandinjustice the4thperiodofcalmafterstorm 1608 1612 Henolongerhatedtheworldbutaccepteditwithasmileofresignationandagainturnedtocomedies romanticcomedies 动荡之后归平静的时期 面对社会上的种种不公和丑恶 宽恕仁爱是有望解决矛盾的手段 1 Pericles 波里克利斯 2 Cymbeline 辛柏林 3 TheWinter sTales 冬天的故事 4 TheTempest 暴风雨 5 HenryVIII 亨利八世 FourthPeriodofRomanticDrama agreatpeacefulnessoflightandaharmonyofearthandheaven Allshouldbewellintheend Calmandreconciliation thechangeoflifeandmoodinthelateryearsofShakespeare Heplacedhishopesandaspiration 理想 目标 withthefutureofmankind Fourromancesor reconciliationplays 和谐剧 andonehistoricalplay Featuresofhisdrama P91 94 1 ShakespeareisarealistandoneofthefoundersofrealisminEnglishliterature 2 Hisdramaticcreationoftenusedthemethodofadoptation 3 Hisdramasareelastic 灵活的 可改变的 theactiondevelopsfreelywithoutbeinghinderedbytheclassicalrules 4 Heisskilledinmanypoeticformsandhisplaysarepoeticaldramas 5 HeisagreatmasterofEnglishlanguage Shakespeare sRepresentativePlays 4comedies AMidsummerNight sDreamTheMerchantofVeniceAsYouLikeItTwelfthNight 4tragedies Hamlet OthelloMacbeth KingLear 2historicalplays HenryIVHenryV Taketwoplaysasexamples RomeoandJulietHamlet Hamlet plotsummary 1Hamletmeetshisfather sghost Hamlet plotsummary 2HamletlearnsthathisfatherwaskilledbyhisbrotherClaudiusandQueenGertrude Note Claudius TheKingofDenmark Hamlet suncle andtheplay santagonist Hamlet plotsummary 2Claudiushasquicklybecomeking Hamlet plotsummary 3Thisisratherupsetting Hamlet plotsummary 4Theghostdemandsrevenge Hamlet plotsummary 5Hamletagrees Hamlet plotsummary 6Hisfriendssweartokeepwhattheyhaveseenasecret Hamlet plotsummary 7Meanwhile theKing sadvisorPoloniusmeetshisdaughterOphelia Hamlethasupsether Hamlet plotsummary 8Hamletisactingmad Hamlet plotsummary 9Atroupe 剧团 ofplayersarrive Hamlet Playwithinplay ThemurderofGonzago Hamlet plotsummary 10PlaycontainslineswhichHamletwritestoexposeClaudiusandGertrude Hamlet plotsummary 11Hamletrages 愤怒 athisinabilitytokillClaudius Hamlet plotsummary 12PoloniusaccidentallykilledbyHamlet Hamlet plotsummary 13ClaudiuswantsHamlettogotoEngland Hamlet plotsummary 14 wherehewillbeexecuted Hamlet plotsummary 15Opheliahasbeendrivenmadbyfather sdeathandHamlet srejectionofher Hamlet plotsummary 16Laertes Ophelia sbrother swearsrevengeonHamlet Hamlet plotsummary 17HamletreturnstoDanishcourt ClaudiussuggestsaduelbetweenLaertesandHamlet Hamlet plotsummary 18 wheretheKingwillofferHamletapoisonedgoblet 酒杯 Hamlet plotsummary 19Opheliadies Hamlet plotsummary 20Hamletmuses 深思 ondeathatYorick sgrave Hamlet executivesummary 21RosencrantzandGuildersternarekilled Note RosencrantzandGuildenstern Twoslightlybumblingcourtiers formerfriendsofHamletfromWittenberg whoaresummonedbyClaudiusandGertrudetodiscoverthecauseofHamlet sstrangebehavior Hamlet executivesummary 22Queenaccidentallypoisonsherself Hamlet executivesummary 23Bothduellistswoundedbypoisonedsword LaertesrevealsplotandHamletkillsking Hamlet executivesummary 24Laertesdies Hamlet executivesummary 25Hamletdies Questions WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkHamletis Ishemadeornotmad HowdidShakespeareshapethistitlecharacter plot Timeline Swiftnessofactioncanbestbeseenbyfollowingtheeventsofthesefivedays Sunday Astreetbrawl 争吵 怒骂 occursintheearlymorningbetweentheCapuletsandMontagues RomeomeetsJulietattheCapuletfeastthatnight Theydeclaretheirloveforoneanother Monday RomeotalkstoFriar 男修道士 LaurenceabouthisloveforJuliet RomeoandJulietaremarried TybaltkillsMercutio RomeokillsTybalt RomeostaysthenightwithJuliet CapuletarrangesforJuliettomarryParisThursdaymorning Tuesday Atdawn RomeoleavesJuliettogotoMantua JulietistoldoftheplansforhertomarryParis JulietgoestoFriarLaurenceforadvice CapuletchangesweddingdatetoWednesday Juliettakesthepotion 药剂 Wednesday Julietisdiscovered dead andistakentotheCapulettomb Thursday BalthasartellsRomeothatJulietisdead RomeobuyspoisonandreturnstoVerona RomeokillsParisandthendrinksthepoison Julietawakens findsRomeodead andstabsherself Everyonediscoverswhathashappened Question Whatareconflictsinthisplay Whatcanyougetfromthisplay Personvs self Thebalconysceneisoneofthemostfamousscenesinalloftheater owingtoitsbeautifulandevocativepoetry HereShakespeareplumbsthedepthsoftheyounglovers characters andcapturesthesubtletiesoftheirinteraction asinJuliet sstrugglebetweentheneedforcautionandanoverpoweringdesiretobewithRomeo SocialIdentityvs IndividualIdentity Julietbelievesthatlovestemsfromone sinneridentity andthatthefeudbetweentheMontaguesandtheCapuletsisaproductoftheouteridentity basedonlyonnames ShethinksofRomeoinindividualterms andthusherloveforhimoverridesherfamily shatredfortheMontaguename ShesaysthatifRomeowerenotcalled Romeo or Montague hewouldstillbethepersonsheloves What sinaname sheasks Thatwhichwecallarose Byanyotherwordwouldsmellassweet II i 85 86 FamousLines1