高中英语语法讲解与练习之动名词与现在分词.doc

动名词与现在分词的区别三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式writing、being written、完成式having written、having been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：I dont remember having met him before. 3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示 。如：I dont like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。（2）它的完成式表示 。如：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。I dont remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。 四、常见题型：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.A you to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling4） 有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可（分为三种情况，详细参见现在分词语法讲解及练习）五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为-ing形式。 相同点：例如：Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。区别：1表语：动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2定语：动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质状态或动作等试比较: a swimming boy和a swimming suit a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 3.主语：动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。（1）动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。（2）有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。（3） “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。4.宾语：动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。（1）有许多动词可接动名词作宾语 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。（2）有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语 He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。5.状语：当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）下列句子中，哪些是动名词，哪些是现在分词Smoking can cause cancer. waiting room Prices keep on increasing. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. the rising generation Its a wonder meeting you here. developing countries He kept complaining. The main thing is getting there in time. The news is encouraging. swimming pool There was no arguing with her. living things 练习26） Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home？A） going。to have B） to go。to have C） to go。having D） going。have27） Prior to _ the formal speech， first he will introduce himself。A） delivering B） deliver C） being delivering D） being delivered28）I dont mind _ by bus， but I hate _ in queues。A） to travel。standing B）traveled。Standing C） traveling。to stand D） traveling。standing29）What about _ double quantities of everything today？ We have hardly time to go_ next week。A） buying。to shop B） buy。Shopping C） buying。shopping D） to buy。shopping 30） We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A） in finding。knowing B） finding。to know C） to find。knowing D） to find。to know31）We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination， for she has never been to school。A） she succeeding B） her succeeding C） she succeed D） her to succeed32）I dont like _ at me。A） them laughing B） their laugh C） them laugh D） them to have laughed33）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out。A） sleeping。to camp B） sleeping。Camping C） to sleep。to camp D） to sleep。camping34）I have no objection _ the evening with them。A） to spend B） to spending C） of spending D） spending35） After _ for the job， you will be required to take a language test。A） being interviewed B） interviewed C） interviewing D）interviewed36）The match was canceled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court。A） objected to B） were objected to have C） objected to have D） were objected to having37）Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination。A） to prepare B） to be prepared C） preparing D） being prepared38）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules。 You need to practice what you have learned。A） trying to B） to try to C） try to D） tried to39）After _ him better， I regretted _ him unfairly。A） getting to know。to judge B） getting to know。to have judgedC） getting to have know。judging D） getting to know。having judged40）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain。A） spend B） have spent C） spending D）been spending41） Before _ the house， you should get a surveyor_ over it。A） buying。looking B）bought。to look C） buying。to have looked D） buying。to look42）In some countries people favor _ together even though there is much more space。A） to stay B） stay C） staying D） stayed43）“Why was Fred so upset？”“He isnt used _ criticized。”A） be B） to be C） to being D）been44） Its no use _ to get a bargain these days。A） to expect B） expecting C） wanting D） you expect45）“Why were you so late for work today？”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic。”A） Driving B） I drove C） To drive D） That I drove46）It was impolite of him _without _goodbye。A） to leave， saying B） leaving， to say C） to leave， to say D） leaving， saying47） He kept _to his parents。A） putting off to write B） to put off to write C） putting off