外文翻译-一个可追溯基于MSP430和bq76pl536a的电池管理系统设计

外文资料ATraceableBatteryManagementSystemDesignBasedonMSP430andBQ76PL536AAbstractAnbatterymanagementsystembasedonMSP430andBQ76PL536Aisdevelopedinthispaper.Ithasseveralsignificantfunctioninthisdesign,whichusingampere-hourintegrationmethodwithtemperatureandcurrentcorrectionasasimpleandeffectivealgorithmforSOC,usingthefullcharge-dischargeandthecirclesforSOH,usingSDcardforusinginformationrecordingfortrace.ItusingCANbuscommunicationbetweenMSP430andcontroller,usingUSBcommunicationbetweenMSP430andcomputer.Ithasvoltageandtemperaturemonitoring,batteryequalization,chargeanddischargeprotection,etc.1.INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheurgentneedforenvironmentalprotection,thenewenergyhasbecomeanexplicitnationalstrategy.Lithiumbatteryisanewkindofrechargeablebattery,whichhashighenergydensityandlonglifemakeitverysuitableforpracticalapplications:electricvehicles，backuppowerandphotovoltaicinverter，providingtheconvenientfortheseindustrialapplicationsandpowerrequirements,inreference1thesearementionedWiththerapiddevelopmentofelectricvehicles，thebatteryhasbecomethebottleneckinthedevelopmentofelectricvehiclesThelithiumbatteryisthehopeofelectricvehicles,butthelifeandsafetyofthebatteryhavethedisadvatangeofmorefragilethanothertypebatteries.Itputsforwardahigherrequesttothechargeanddischargecircuit.BatterymanagementsystemisoneofthekeytechnologiesaboutelectricvehiclespracticalAsaimportantfunctionofbatterymanagementsystem,thebatteryremainingcapacityandhealthestimationplayanimportantroleinthevehiclescommercializationEstimationonthestateofcharge(SOC)andstateofhealth(SOH)alwaysbeenimportantpartsinbatterymanagementresearch.Highperformancebatterymanagementsystem(BMS)isabletoallowthebatteryworksinthebestcondition,canimprovethebatterysreliabilityandextentitsworkinglifethroughtheaccuratebatterySOCandSOHestimation.Atthesametime,thevoltage,currentandtemperatureofthebatterymustbemeasuredtoensurethesafetyoperationofthepack,toimprovetheperformanceofthepack.Therefore,batterymanagementtechnologyresearchmakesgreatsignificanceThispaperproposesanewbatterymanagementsystem,whichisbasedonthemsp430andBQ76PL536A.Thissystemcanbeappliedtodataacquisition,theSOCandSOHestimation,batteryequalizationcontrol,datarecording,datacommunication,faultdiagnosisforthepack.Itcanuploadtheinformationtothecontroller,computerandothersystem.Thecomputercanusetheinformationtoimprovethebatteryperformanceandpackingtechnology.Thecontrollercanusetheinformationtogivetheuserusingadvicetoimprovethelifeofbatteryandgivetheusergoodusingfeel.2.CONTENTSAsinreference2,theBQ76PL536Aisastackablethreetosixseriescelllithiumbatterypackprotectorandanalogfrontendthatincorporatesaprecisionanalog-to-digitalconverter,independentcellvoltageandtemperaturemeasureandprotection;cellbalancing,andaregulatortopowerusercircuitry.Itcanmeasurebatterycellvoltagewithhighandaccuracyandspeed.Ifthebatterypackconsistingofmorethan6batteryinseriesneedsmuti-BQ76PL536Atomanageit.Andthechipsareconnectedwithcascade.AccordingtothedatasheetofBQ76PL536A，inthepapertaketwochipsforexample,itsstructureshowninFig.1.ThesystemisconsistofseveralBQ76PL536A,amicocontrollerMSP430F4152,electroniccomponent.InthesystemaBQ76PL536Acanmoniter6seriesbaterries,itcanbeconnectedwithcascade,thesystemcanmoniterupto192seriesbatteries.BQ76PL536AcancommunicateusingSPIbusandIOwithmicocontroller.ThecommunicationbetweenBQ76536Ausingcurrentmode,thiscanreducetheparasiticcapacitancesadverseeffectsonthecommunicationspeed.InthesystemBQ76PL536Aprovidevoltagemeasurement,batteryprotection(overvoltage,undervoltageandthermalprotection)andbatteryequalizationcontrol.TheMSP430canacquirethemeasureinformationandbringonthefaultdiagnosis.Itcanprovidebatteryequalizationcontrol,SOCandSOHestimation,communicatewithcontroller,computerandotherontoprovidethebatteriescurrentstate,recordingtheusinginformationandfault.B.DesignofVoltageandTemperatureMeasureCircuitInthebatterymanagementsystem,accordingtothedatasheetofBQ76PL536AinRef.2,thecircuitforvoltageandtemperaturemeasureisdesignedshowninFig.2.Inthecircuitthefiltercircuitcomposedofcapacitanceandresistance.Thevalueofresistanceis1kOhm,thevalueofthecapcitanceis0.1uF.Ref.2givetheusemethodfortheuser.Inthesystem,theunusedVCxinputsshouldbeconnectedtothenextVCxinputdownuntilaninputconnecttoacellreached.Ifastackhasfourcells,VC6connectstoVC5,whichconnectstoVC4.Inthesystem,therearetwomethodsavailabletostartabatteryvoltage,temperaturemeasure.TheCONV_Hpinmaybesetted,orthefirmwarecansettheCONVERT_CTRL-CONVbit.TheADCconversiontimeisfixedatapproximately6usperconvertedchannel,atthesametime,another6usoverheadatthestartofconversionisneeded.Sothetimeofoneconversioncanbecalculated.Ifthehardwarestartisused,asingleinterfacepin(CONV_H)isusedforconversionstartcontrolbythehost.AconversioncycleisstartedbyahardwaresignalwhenCONV_Histransitionedlow-to-highbythehost.Thehostshouldholdthisstateuntiltheconversioncycleiscompletetoavoiderroneousedgescausingaconversionstartwhenthepresentconversionisnotcomplete.ThesignalissimultaneouslysenttothehigherdeviceinthestackbytheassertionoftheCONV_Nsignal.TheBQ76PL536AautomaticallysequencesthroughtheseriesofmeasurementsenabledviatheADC_CONTROLregisterafteraconvertstartsignalisreceivedfromeithertheregisterbitorthehardwarepin.Ifthefirmwarestartisuedinthesystem,theCONVERT_CTRLCONVbitisalsousedtoinitiateaconversionbywritingabit1tothebit.Itisautomaticallyresetattheendofaconversioncycle.Thebitmayonlybewrittentobit1,theICalwaysresetsitto0.Thebrodcastformofpacketisrecommendedtostartalldeviceconversionssimultaneously.InFig.2thetemperaturecanbemeasuredusingtheTS1+,TS1-differentialinputpinswiththeADC.Theinputisdrivenbyanexternalthermistorandresistordividernetwork.TheTS+andTS-inputsaredrivedbytheREG50andinternallyconnectedwithADCreferanceduringconversions.ThisproducesaratiometricADresulteliminatestheneedforcompensationorcorrectionoftheREG50voltagedriftwhenusedtodivethetemperaturesensor.TherearetwocontrolbitsarerequiredfortheADCtostarttemperatureconvert.TocausetheADCconverttheTSnchannelonthenextrequestedconversionADC_CONTROL-TSnmustbesetted.IO_CONTROLTSnissettocausetheFETswitchconnectingtheTSn-inputtoVSStoclose,completingthecircuitofthevoltagedivider.TheIO_CONTROLbitsshouldonlybesetasneededtoconservepower,becausethermistorexcitationcurrentmayberelativelthigh.C.TheDesignofBatteryEqualizationCircuitTherearetwokindsofbatteryequalizationmethod,passivemethodandactivemethod.Inthepassivemethodafixedshuntingresistorisusedinparallelwitheachindividualcellinthepack,andthecurrentispartiallyortotallybypassedfromthecellsinordertolimitorreducethecellsvoltages.Thismethodiscontinuouslybypassingcurrentandwastingenergy.However,thismethodisreliable,sointhispaperthepassivemethodisused.Inthesystem,BQ76PL536AhassixdedicatedoutputsthatcanbeusedtocontrolexternalN-FETsaspartofacellbalancingsystem.TheimplementationofappropriatealgorithmsiscontrolledbyMSP430.TheCB_CTRL-CBAL1-6bitscontrolthestateofeachoftheoutputs.TheoutputsarecopiedfromthebitstateoftheCB_CTRLregister,forexamplebit1inthisregisteractivatestheexternalbalanceFETbyplacingahighontheassociatedpin.TheCBxpinsswitchbetweenapproximatelythepositiveandnegativevoltagesofthecellacrosswhichtheexternalFETisconnected.Thisallowstheuseofasmall,low-costN-FETinserieswithapowerresistortoprovidebatteryequalization.TheCBxoutputsareclearedwhentheinternalsafetytimerexpires.Theinternalsafetytimer(CB_TIME)valueisprogrammedinunitsofsecondsorminuteswithanaccuracyof10%.ThebasicequalizationcircuitisshowninFig.2.Toincreasethebalancecurrent,asmallpackageMOSFETisused.Topreventbatterypackoverheating,a50Ohmresistorwith2512packageisused.Inthecircuit,therealsohastwoZenerdiodetopreventthefailureofMOSFET.TheequalizationcircuitwithbigcurrentisshowninFig.3.D.TheAmpere-HourIntegrationMethodWithTemperatureandCurrentEfficiencyCorrectionAlthoughtheLi-ionbatteryhasawildtemperaturerangeforusing,buttheambienttemperaturehasagreatinfluenceonthestateofbattery.TheexperimentaldatashowthatthetemperatureisanimportantfactoraffectingthebatterySOCestimation,whichmainlyaffecttheelectromigrationrateofelectrolyteandtheactivityofelectrode.Reference4givetheexperimentdata,sotheinformationisusedinthepaper.Inthechargingexperiment,adjustthethermostattodifferenttemperature,chargingthebatteryusingconstantcurrentlimitingvoltagemethod.Thechargingcureentis40A,thelimitofvoltageischangenedwithtemperatureatabout425-4.45V.Fromtable,whiththetemperaturedecrease,thecapacityofthebatteryisreduced,atthesametimethechargingtimeincreasedsignificantly.Comparethelowtemperature(-25)withroomtemperature(25)atthesameend,withthesamechargingcurrent,thecapacitycanbefilledwillreduce25%30%.Theratedcapacityoflithiumbatteriesis200Ah.ThebatterychargingparametersunderdifferenttemperatureasshowninTable.Formthetable,thecapacityoflithiumbatteryiseffectbytemperaturecanbeobtained.Inthedischargingexperiment,thelithiumbatterywithratedcapacityof200Ahisused.Underthetemperatureof20,chargethebatteryfull.Thedischargingexperimentisbringonunder-20,0and20.Inthefirststagedischargingthebatteryat100A(0.5C)to2.5V,inthesecondstagedischargongthebatteryat80A(0.4C)tothesamevoltagediffstandard,inthethirdstagedischargingthebatteryusing60A(0.3C).Also,using40A,20A,10Adischargethebattery.ThedischargeresultsisinTableThefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromtable,charingthebatteryunderroomtemperature,dischargingthebatteryunderdifferenttemperature,thebatterycapacitychangesverylittle.Butlowtemperaturehassomeinfluenceonthebatterycanbereleasedenergy.Sothetemperatureisaveryimportantparametertolithiumbattery.ThetemperaturecanaffectthelithiumbatterySOCestimationaccuracyseriously.Tosimplifythediffcultyofcorrection,inthedesignusingtheequation(1)tooptimizeofSOCestimationalgorithm。SointhedesigntheSOCestimationinthechargingmustcorrectusingthetemperature.Theconditionisalsooccurredinthedischargingprocess.Inthedesign,theexperienceequation(1)isusedforcompensationeffectsintheuse：TheTistemperaturein(1),QTisthebatterycapacityatTtemperature,Q25isthecapacityat25,Q25asthestandardcapacity,kTisthetemperaturecoefficient,itoftentake0.006-0.008generally.Inthedesign,thebatterySOCiscorrectedbyusingAhintegralcombinedtemperaturethoughtheequation(1),toimprovetheaccuracyoftheSOCcalculation.E.TheEstimationofSOH.TheSOHofbatteryischangedwiththedegreeofagingofthebattery.Theoretically,itwasmeasuredbybatteryscapacity.Inthispaperitwassimplified.Itwasmeasuredusingfullchargeanddischargemethod.ThefullchargeanddischargeisjudgedbyMSP430.Atthesametime,thecumulativedischargedcapacityofthebatteryismeasured,whenthebatteryreleasecapacityreached80%asbatteryacycle,thenthecyclesisusedforSOHestimatecorrection.Reference4hasgivethereseachonpackslifewithdifferentcondition.Theexperimentalmethodis:1.Withthetemperatureof205.Firstchargethebatteryusingconstantcurrentwith1C(A)to3.65V.Thendischargethebatteryusing1C(A)totheendofdischargevoltage2.0V.Attheendofcharginganddischarging,setasidethebatteryfor1hourstoreachsteadystate.2.Intheexperiment25chargedischargeperiodisacycle,aftereachcyclethereisafulldischargecapacity,thenrecordthedischargecapacity.Ifthebatterydischargecapacityafteraperiodoflessthan80%ofratedcapacityofthebattery,itwillstop.Aftermanyexperiments,thebatterycycleliferesultsinthenormaltemperature.Figure4isthebatterycyclelifeincompletechargeanddischargetheattenuationcurves,ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thebatterycapacitydeclinewiththeincreaseofthenumberofcycles,thetwoarealmostlinearrelationship.Fig.4.ThetrendofgeneralcyclelifeInFig.4thecurvewasfittedusingquadraticfunction,andthefittingformulawasexpressedusing(8).WhereCisthebatterycapacity,Nisthecyclesofthebatteryusing.Aisbatteryratedcapacity,R2isthefittingcorrelationcoefficient.ThesoftwaredesignofBMSmainlyconsistsofprogrammodules,suchastheinitializationmodule,themainprogrammoduleandtheinterruptfunctioncausedbyfaultevent.Becausethebatterymanagementsystemhasacompletedatalogging,inthepaperthedataforrecordingisdesigningasFig.5shownintheflow.InthesystemtheSDcardisusedfordatarecording.ThefirsttaskofthebatterymanagementsoftwareistoinitializetheMSP430MCUperipherals.ThenitbuildsthebatterystackbydetectingandconfiguringtheexistingBQ76PL536.Thenexttasksaretoidentifythestatusofthecellsandthebatterypackbyreadingthevoltages,temperatures,fault,andalertconditions.Thebatterymanagementsoftwareiscontinuouslycheckingforafailconditionsonthebatterypack,itsamplesthecellvoltagesandtheintegrityofthebatterypackeverysecond.Thesystemgoestolow-powermodeiftherearenotanycorrectiveactionsorpendingtasks.AbriefdescriptionofthisprocessisshowninFigure5.3.CONCLUSIONSInthispaper,anbatterymanagementsystemisdesignedbasedonBQ76PL536AandMSP430.Thesystemcanprovidesover-voltage,under-voltage,over-temperature,shortcurrent,over-currentprotection,withtheusingdataloggingintheSDcardfortrace.ItcanalsocommunicationwithcontrollerandcomputerusingCANbusandUSB.Thesystemsfunctions,theaccuracyofSOCandSOHestimationareverifiedinthesimulatedoperatingconditions.Theresultsshowthattheprotectionfunctionalmoduleofthesystemisstableandreliable,theSOCandSOHestimationaccuracymeetthestandardofdesignation.REFERENCES1L.Lu,XuebingHan,JianqiuLi,JianfengHua,MinggaoOuyang,“Areviewonthekeyissuesforlithium-ionbatterymanagementinelectricvehicles,”JournalofPowerSources,Vol.226,pp.272-288,November2012.23to6SeriesCellLithium-IonBatteryMonitorandSecondaryProtectionICforApplications.TexasInstruments,2012.3WeiHe,N.Williard,ChaochaoChen,M.Pecht,“Stateofchargeestimationforelectricvehiclebatteriesusingunscentedkalmanfiltering,”MicroelectronicsReliability,Vol.53,pp.840-847,January2013.4WangZhenpo,SunFengchun“studyonthecharacteristicsofli-Ionbatteries,”MicroelectronicsReliability,Vol.24,pp.1053-1057,December,2004.0中文译文一个可追溯基于MSP430和bq76pl536a的电池管理系统设计摘要一个电池管理系统基于MSP430和bq76pl536a本文开发了。在这个设计有几个重要的功能，它利用安时积分法与温度和电流校正作为一种简单有效的算法的SoC，采用全充放电和SOH的圆圈，用SD卡使用信息记录跟踪。它采用CAN总线MSP430与控制器之间的通信，采用MSP430单片机和计算机之间的USB通信。具有电压、温度监测、电池均衡、充电和放电保护等功能。一、引言随着科技的发展和环境保护的迫切需要，新能源已成为一项明确的国家战略。锂电池是一种新型的可充电电池，其能量密度高，寿命长，非常适合实际应用：电动汽车、备用电源和光伏逆变器，为这些工业应用和功率要求提供了方便，在参考1这些都是。随着电动汽车的迅速发展，电池已成为电动汽车发展的瓶颈。锂电池是电动汽车的希望，但电池的寿命和安全性有更脆弱的disadvatange比其他类型的电池。对充放电电路提出了更高的要求。电池管理系统是一个关于电动汽车实用化的关键技术，电池管理系统的一个重要功能，电池剩余容量和健康估计车辆的商业化中发挥了重要的作用。在充电状态（SOC）估计和健康状态（SOH）一直是重要的组成部分在电池管理研究。高性能的电池管理系统（BMS）是能够使电池工作在最佳状态，可以提高电池的可靠性和工作寿命的准确程度通过电池的SOC和SOH估计。同时，对电池的电压、电流和温度必须进行测量，以保证包装的安全运行，提高包装性能。因此，电池管理技术的研究具有重要意义。本文提出了一种新的电池管理系统，这是基于MSP430和bq76pl536a。该系统可应用于数据采集、SOC和SOH估计，电池均衡控制，数据记录，数据通信，故障诊断的包。它可以将信息上传到控制器、计算机等系统中。计算机可以利用信息来提高电池性能和包装技术。该控制器可以使用信息给用户使用的建议，以提高电池的使用寿命，并给予用户良好的使用感觉。二、内容A.基于MSP430和bq76pl536aBMS系统的硬件设计在参考文献2，这是一bq76pl536a堆叠三至六单元串联锂电池组保护器和模拟前端，采用了精密的模数转换器，独立的电池电压和温度测量和保护；电池平衡，和一个稳压电源的用户电路。它可以测量电池电压的高精度和速度。1如果超过6个电池串联需要muti-bq76pl536a管理电池组。芯片与级联连接。根据bq76pl536a数据表，文中以两芯片为例，其结构如图1所示。该系统是由几个bq76pl536a，一micocontrollerMSP430F4152，电子元件。系统中的一个bq76pl536a可以监控6系列电池，它可以连接的级联，系统可以监控多达192个串联电池组。bq76pl536a可以通过SPI总线和IO与micocontroller沟通。采用电流模式bq76536a之间的通信，这样可以减少寄生电容的通信速度的不利影响。在系统bq76pl536a提供电压测量、电池保护（过压、欠压、过热保护）和电池均衡控制。MSP430可以获得测量信息和带来的故障诊断。它可以提供电池均衡控制，SOC和SOH估计，与控制器、计算机和其他方面提供电池的当前状态，记录使用信息和故障。在电池管理系统，根据文献2bq76pl536a数据表，电压和温度测量电路如图2所示。在电路中由电容和电阻组成的滤波电路。电阻值为1K欧姆，电容的值是0.1uF。参考文献2，给用户的使用方法。在该系统中，未使用的输入应连接到下一个输入到输入连接到一个细胞达到。如果堆栈有四个细胞，VC6连接VC5，连接到VC4。在该系统中，有2种方法可启动电池电压，温度测量。的conv_h引脚可设置或固件可以设置convert_ctrl-转换点。ADC的转换时间是固定在大约6美元每转换通道，同时，在转换开始另一个6us开销是必要的。所以可以计算一个转换的时间。如果硬件开始使用，一个接口引脚（conv_h）用于主机变频启动控制。一个转换周期是由一个硬件信号开始时conv_h转换低到高，由主机。主机应该保持这个状态，直到转换周期完成，以避免错误的边缘，导致转换开始时，目前的转换是不完整的。2信号同时送到更高的设备堆栈中的conv_n信号断言。的bq76pl536a自动序列通过一系列的测量可以通过adc_control登记后转换启动信号从任一登记点或硬件引脚接收。如果固件启动发行系统的convert_ctrl转换位也被用来写一位1位启动转换。它是在一个转换周期结束时自动重置。位只能写1位，IC都重置为0。分组广播的形式推荐给所有设备同时启动转换图2中的温度可以使用TS1+测量，TS1与ADC的差分输入引脚。输入由外部热敏电阻和电阻分压器网络驱动。TS和TS输入驱动的reg50内部ADC转换期间的连接参考。这将产生一个比例结果消除了广告的reg50电压漂移补偿或校正时需要用来潜水的温度传感器。有两个控制位的ADC启动温度转换要求。导致ADC转换通道的下一个请求的转换，TSNadc_control-TSN必须设置。io_control天津使FET开关连接TSN输入到VSS关闭，完成电压的分压器电路。的io_control位应设置为需要节省电力，因为热敏电阻，励磁电流可relativelt高。C.电池均衡电路设计电池均衡方法、被动方法和主动方法有2种。在被动的方法中，一个固定的分流电阻被用于在包中的每个单独的细胞，和电流是部分或完全绕过从细胞中，以限制或减少细胞电压。这种方法是不断地绕过电流和浪费能源。然而，这种方法是可靠的，所以在本文中使用的被动方法。在系统中，bq76pl536a有六个专门的输出，可用于控制外部n-FET作为一个电池平衡系统的一部分。适当的算法实现MSP430控制。的cb_ctrl-cbal1-6位控制状态的每个输出。输出是从登记的cb_ctrl位状态复制，例如1位在此登记激活外部平衡FET放置一个高相关的销。间近似的正电压和负电压的电池在其外部F