冠词专项改错.doc

一、冠词残缺（一）缺少不定冠词a/an单数可数泛指某一不确定的人或事物，应加不定冠词a/an。单数名词有形容词修饰的，冠词放在形容词前面，而非名词前面。冠词后的名词或者形容词首音为辅音的，加a；单词首音为元音的，加an。注意：有些单词首字母是元音字母，但首音并不发元音的，其前的不定冠词要用a。如：university,useful,usual,Europe(首音均发半元音j）,one（首音为w）有些单词首字母是辅音字母，但首音却发元音的，其前的不定冠词an。如：hour,honest,honorable,unusual、 冠词后的名词前有形容词的情形（此种情形由于被分割，很容易忽略，考得也最多）：（2013O1）ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.（2010O2）Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedlongtime.（2007O2）ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingatschool,butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.（2005O3）IhopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagainsometimesinthefuture.（2002O2）Aseveryoneknows.itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimal.（2000春）Illtakethischancewishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.、冠词后的名词前无形容词的情形：Ifyoudliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.（2004O2）Imsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.（2010O1）TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaverymuchfamouswriter.、注意固定词组中的冠词不能缺少。（2014N1）Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.4. 在such或so+形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺a(an)。如：Heissuch(an)honestboythatallofuslikehim.Thisissogood(a)bookthatIreaditagain.5.表示“有些”时，little,few前面不可缺少a。如：Donthurry.Thereis(a)littletimeleft.6. many前有great,good时，要加a。如：(a)greatmanypeople.若many后接单数名词，中间须有a(an)。如：Many(a)manhastrieditbefore.7. 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加a(an)。如：Its(a)famousChinesetea.Therewas(a)heavyrainlastnight.8. 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)的人”时，用a(an),如：Hewishedtobe(a)LeiFeng.(A)MrWangcalledyouupjustnow.（二）缺少定冠词the1.特指某一个人或者事物，特指某一些人或事物（即说话者和听话者都知道的人或者事物），名词前须用定冠词the加以限定。考试题中的特指线索：一是前文已提到过的人或者事物，二是已有专有名词修饰。但若名词前已有等限定词或者修饰语时，则不能再加定冠词了。特指某一个人或者事物：（2013O2）Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.（2013N2）Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday（2009O2）JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.（2008O2）Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008OlympicGames.（1998） Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.特指某一些人或者事物：（2011O1）OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.2. “形容词比较级+ofthetwo”前必须用the。如：Heis(the)betteroneofthetwo.二、冠词多余1.在一些固定短语或者词组中，有些名词即使是可数名词，其前面也没有不定冠词。这可能是由于习惯使然。(NMET2000)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.(2013年NI)Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwith。2. 与介词at,in,to连用的名词school,class,town,hospital,church,prison,bed等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：gototheschool(上学),beintheprison(坐牢),beinthebed(在睡觉)3. 与by连用的交通工具名称和air,land,sea等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：bythebike,bythesea,bythetrain4. 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：playthe/avolleyball,playthechess,playthetabletennis5. 由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：theBeijingAirport,theOxfordStreet,theHydePark 6. 在一些固定搭配中。如：atthefirst,atthelast,themostofus7. most作“非常”解时，前面用the是多余的。如：Oh!Itsthemostbeautiful!Sheisthemostdiligent.8. 含有Day的节日前加the是多余的。如：theMayDay,theWomensDay,theNationalday,theNewYearsDay9. 在“名词+as/though”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：achildasheis/afoolasheis三、错词：不定冠词和定冠词之间的误用在短文中首次的单数可数名词，泛指一个事物时，须用不定冠词a。AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.前文已提到过的人或者事物,须有定冠词the加以限定。Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydonthaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.已有same修饰的名词，须有定冠词the加以限定。Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.四、冠词和代词、数词之间的误用Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.（keepadiary是一个固定词组，“记日记”；而keepmydiary意思是“保留我的日记”）Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.（oneanother也是固定搭配，二者往往成对出现。）真题单句归纳(1)Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.(a改为an，因hour读音以元音开头)(全国卷)(2)Idecidedtoclimbthetreetoseewherewewere.(the改为a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指)(全国卷)(3)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.(去掉the，因这里的books表泛指，不表特指)(全国卷)(4)Goodhealthispersonsmostvaluablepossession.(persons前加a，这里的a表泛指)(全国卷)(5)Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth,havebetterfood,andliveinclearersurroundings.(去掉the，因health表泛指)(全国卷)(6)ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.(publiclibrary前加a，因这里的publiclibrary是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用a)(全国卷)(7)Maybeyoucouldcomeduringawinterholidays.(a改为the，因从含义上看，此处的winterholidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的)(全国卷)(8)TodayIvisitedtheSmithsmyfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.(a改为an，因American的读音以元音开头)(全国卷)(9)Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.(captain前加冠词the，captain为特指)(全国卷)(10)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(the改为one，one与下一行的another构成“一个另一个”)(全国卷)(11)Illtakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.(wonderful前加a，该表达与haveagoodtime类似，其中的a不可省)(北京春季卷)(12)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.(去掉a，catchsightof是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”)(全国卷)(13)Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery(奥秘).(去掉the，rain在此泛指)(北京春季卷)(14)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(a改为the，因same前应用定冠词)(全国卷)(15)Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.(在famous前加a，注意mountain是单数可数名词)(全国卷)(16)Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(mydiary改为adiary，keepadiary意为“写日记”)(全国卷)(17)WhenIwasboy,themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.(boy前加a，因boy为可数名词)(江苏卷)(18)Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionoftheirownanddiscoveraninterestwhichcanevenlastlifetime.(lifetime前加a，指人的一生是alifetime)(浙江卷)(19)Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.(fire前加the，因这是特指的一场火灾)(福建卷)(20)Aswealllefthomeatearlyage,(early前加an，atanearlyage意为“在年幼时”)(天津卷)(21)Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.(cooker改为cook，比较：cook=炊事员，cooker=炊具)(江苏卷)模拟单句演练(1)Hersister,whoisnurse,willmarryoneofthedoctorsinthehospital.(2)Itwassuchwonderfuldinnerthatweenjoyeditverymuch.(3)Itwasraininghard,soIhadtoborrowaumbrella.(4)MyfriendMarycomesfromanEuropeancountry.(5)MrSmithusedtobephysicsteachertillheturnedwriter.(6)Insmallvillagelikethis,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.(7)Onlyfewofthechildrencanreadsuchbooks.(8)Forlongtimeneitherofusspoketoeachother.(9)Look,agirlinblueismycousin.(10)Look!Acarhasstoppedthere.Acarisbeautiful.(11)Sheaskedwhetherwecamefromasamecity.(12)Themountainwascoveredwiththesnowalltheyearround.(13)Youdontknowwhatwonderfultimewevehad.(14)Peoplemadethefunofherbecausesheworesuchstrangeclothes.(15)Soontheplanewasoutofthesight.(16)Greatchangeshavetakentheplaceinmyhometownsince1978.(17)Intheword,heisagoodstudentandallofuslikehim.(18)Yousayyoutookthebookwithouthispermission.Intheotherwords,youstoleit.少冠词1.Thisissoimportantmeetingthateveryonemustattendit.2.Themeetingturnedouttobefailure.3.IwillcallonGreensthisevening.4.In1980s,manyfarmersrushedintothecitiestotrytheirluck.5.Sheismorebeautifulofthetwins.6.Pleasepassmepenonthedesk.7.Ifoundanotebookandpencilwhenthedooropened.8.Whathewantedtodoatthattimewastohavebigdinner.9.Whatwonderfultimeyouhadattheparty!10.WewenttoSummerPalaceyesterday.冠词模拟单句演练【参考答案】(1)nurse前加a，因nurse为可数名词。(2)such后加a，dinner受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。(3)a改为an，因umbrella的读音以元音开头。(4)an改为a，因European的读音不是以元音开头。(5)p