江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试题（含解析）.docx

江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试题（含解析）第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题，每题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。1.We live in this society now _ literally someone is always helping.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. what【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：我们现在生活在这样一个确实有人一直在帮助我们的社会里。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the society，且先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，故用where相当于 in which。故选B。2.The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season.A. themeB. versionC. categoryD. dimension【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：枫叶在秋天变成了鲜红的颜色，为丰收的季节增添了另一抹色彩。A. theme主题；B. version版本；C. category种类；D. dimension维度；风采。dimension此处理解为“色彩；风采”，故选D。3.Patrick waited _ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared.A. untilB. beforeC. whenD. while【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：他一直等到所有的行李都清理完毕，但是他的行李迟迟未出现。A. until直到才；B. before在之前；C. when当时候；D. while当时候。根据句意，表示“直到才”应用until/till，故选A。4.Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again! _ , she cant find her keys.A. TypicallyB. OccasionallyC. AccordinglyD. Particularly【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：看!玛丽又在疯狂地找东西了!一向如此，她找不到钥匙了。A. Typically典型；B. Occasionally偶尔；C. Accordingly因此；D. Particularly特别是。这里typically相当于in a way that a person or group is generally believed to behave“一向如此”，故选A。5.Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.A. in favor ofB. in response toC. in salute toD. in consequence of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时，剑桥给出了积极的回答。A. in favor of支持；B. in response to回应；C. in salute to致敬；D. in consequence of由于的缘故。表示“回应”in response to，故选B。6.Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and their wild nature.A. displayB. possessC. maintainD. monitor【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区的野生动物需要发展他们的生存技能，保持他们的野生本性。A. display表现；B. possess拥有；C. maintain保持；D. monitor监控。根据句意故应选maintain，表示“保持”。选C。7.Id never wondered before whether or not he was kid-friendly. With one glance, I quickly that he probably wasnt.A. agreedB. reportedC. explainedD. decided【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从没有问过他是不是招孩子喜欢，但是乍一眼看到他，我觉得他并不是招孩子喜欢的那种类型。A. agreed同意；B. reported报告；C. explained解释；D. decided决定；明确。表示做出了这个判断用 decide，故选D。8.The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Its about _youre made of, not the circumstances.A. thatB. whatC. howD. who【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句位于介词about后，是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用what，故选B。9. Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? Well, if you _. I can put on more clothes.A. canB. mayC. mustD. shall【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。10.With the number of homecoming overseas students _ up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.A. shotB. being shotC. shootingD. to shoot【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：近年来，由于归国留学生人数的激增，外国学位持有者的吸引力逐渐减弱。本句为with的复合结构，shoot与overseas students构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，故选C。11.- Have you heard that they are working around the clock to compete for the prize?- Dont worry. We are ready to the challenge.A. build upB. take upC. stick toD. lead to【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：-你听说了吗?他们昼夜不停地为争夺奖品而工作。-不要担心。我们准备迎接挑战了。A. build up增进；加强；B. take up开始从事；C. stick to坚持；D. lead to导致。短语take up the challenge“迎接挑战”，故选B。12.- Is there any chance of my being promoted?- If you want a promotion, youd better rather than get your way.A. play the gameB. cross your fingersC. raise the red flagD. kill the fatted calf【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：-我有升职的机会吗?- 如果你想升职，你最好循规蹈矩，不要为所欲为。A. play the game按章办事；守规矩；B. cross your fingers祈求好运；C. raise the red flag警告；D. kill the fatted calf 设宴欢迎。根据句意，故选A。13. How could they misunderstand me like that?Just keep silent! Its the best way to let them know they you wrong.A. doB. didC. are doingD. had done【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：-他们怎么能那样误解我呢?- 保持沉默!这是让他们知道他们做错了你的最好方式。根据how could可知这件事情发生在过去，所以用 did you wrong来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选B。14.Our team is world-class and it was no surprise that we won by such a margin.A. lowB. highC. wideD. narrow【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我们的球队是世界级的，我们以如此大的优势获胜并不令人惊讶。A. low低的；B. high高的；C. wide宽的；D. narrow窄的。短语wide margin表示差距很大，故选C。15.- Ill take the blue one. This is twenty dollars.- Heres the change. .A. Best wishesB. My pleasureC. Have a nice dayD. Lets call it a day【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查习惯用语。句意:-我要蓝色这个。给你20美元。-这是零钱。祝您生活愉快。A. Best wishes 最美好的祝愿；B. My pleasure很荣幸；C. Have a nice day过得愉快；D. Lets call it a day收工。have a nice day这是售货员与顾客告别的告别语。D. lets call it a day是带头人对下属说，我们今天到此结束。故选C。第二节、完形填空Whats all this tree- - planting for? I was asked when I began writing about _16_ a piece of land I had bought in Somerset. The truth is, I just love trees. And I am not _17_ AsI get older, all I really _18_ is to plant trees , Prince Charles says in a BBC documentary in which he is _19_ in the wood he planted on the day Prince George was born.There are _20_ and wonderful trees in our cities and villages. They were planted, or self- sown, years, even centuries ago. We take them for granted, _21_ the creatures living among them, remain in ignorance of the _22_ trees are doing us(cleaning the air, for instance) and cut them down for new _23_. Yet we keep a feeling of _24_ for them. This may account for the _25_ the government faced in 2010 when it sought to sell off publicly owned woods, and for the wide support that the Woodland Trust (a tree-protecting charity) _26_.Trees need _27_, which is why I, a city-resident, bought my Somerset woodland in 1999. At that time, climate change was already well proved, _28_ my hopes of planting long-lived oaks and pines gradually developed into anxiety about their _29_. Tree diseases new to the UK, wind, drought and flood were all _30_ against them.But I did not _31_ things to move so fast. The woodland is still good, the new trees are growing like mad, but the creatures are _32_. The rabbits have disappeared and the owl has moved. The bees and butterflies are _33_ there but in smaller numbers. How can this happen on land _34_ pesticides (杀虫剂)？Surely, it indicates we need to give nature the chance to restore its own _35_. Meanwhile, I love my wood, and so do many of its visitors. And tree-planting has done wonders for restoring my balance town and country.16. A. replacingB. restoringC. recyclingD. returning17. A. richB. weakC. aloneD. social18. A. apply forB. wait forC. make forD. long for19. A. filmedB. trackedC. reflectedD. discovered20. A. holyB. youngC. matureD. mysterious21. A. raiseB. watchC. ignoreD. abuse22. A. honorB. goodC. creditD. justice23. A. useB. spiritC. lifeD. hope24. A. trustB. sadnessC. betrayalD. affection25. A. approvalB. oppositionC. optionD. dilemma26. A. winsB. rejectsC. requiresD. withdraws27. A. spaceB. timeC. companyD. nutrition28. A. sinceB. forC. yetD. so29. A. benefitsB. chancesC. locationD. appearance30. A. piling upB. speeding upC. keeping upD. mixing up31. A. wishB. intendC. allowD. expect32. A. in placeB. in orderC. in declineD. in question33. A. evenB. stillC. everD. once34. A. short ofB. sick ofC. free ofD. full of35. A. gloryB. functionC. impactD. balance【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者写树木给人带来的好处，和自己买下一块萨默塞特林地种树，种树的目的就是维持人与自然的平衡。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我写我在恢复萨默塞特购买的那片土地时，我被问道：种这些树是为了什么？A. replacing替代；B. restoring恢复；C. recycling回收利用；D. returning归还。根据最后一句And tree-planting has done wonders for restoring my balance town and country，得知作者种树是为了恢复土地，故选B。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不是只有我一个人有这种想法。A. rich富有的；B. weak虚弱的；C. alone独自的；D. social社会的。空格后引用了 Prince Charles的话“我开始变老,我所想的就是种树”,可见他与作者有相同的观点，因而作者说自己 not alone。故选C。【18题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着年龄增长，我唯一渴望的就是种树。A. apply for申请；B. wait for等待；C. make for有助于；D. long for渴望。作者唯一渴望的就是种树，故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Prince Charles在他参演的BBC纪录片里面说到“我开始变老。我所想的就是种树”。A. filmed拍摄；B. tracked追踪；C. reflected反射；D. discovered发现。根据 documentary(纪录片)可知选 filmed。故选A。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有成熟美丽的大树。A. holy神圣的；B. young年轻的；C. mature成熟的；D. mysterious神秘的。空格后面一句写到这些树被种或者自己成长在几年以前或者是几个世纪前，因而推测出我们村庄的这些树是成熟的(mature)，故选C。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为这些树是理所当然的，忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用。A. raise上升；B. watch看；C. ignore忽略；D. abuse滥用。空格后有 Ignorance,所以这里选择 Ignore。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用。A. honor荣誉；B. good好处；C. credit信用；D. justice正义。空格后有 clean the air(净化空气)等好处,所以选择good赞扬树木。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处砍下树木另作他用。A. use用途；B. spirit精神；C. life生活；D. hope希望。人们忽视树木的好处，为了新的用途而砍树，故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们对树木有喜爱之情。A. trust信任；B. sadness悲伤；C. betrayal背叛；D. affection喜爱。根据上文yet表示转折，上文写我们忽视了树木给我们带来的好处，砍伐他们，然而我们内心对树木还是有喜爱之情的。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可以解释政府在2010年试图卖掉公有树木时遭遇了反对，因为获得了广泛的支持，。A. approval支持；B. opposition反对；C. option选择；D. dilemma困境。 Woodland Trust(树木保护组织)获胜了。上文是公众喜爱树木,所以应该是反对政府卖树的。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木保护组织赢了。A. wins赢；B. rejects拒绝；C. requires要求；D. withdraws撤退。因为获得了 wide support所以 Woodland Trust(树木保护组织)赢了。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木生长需要空间。A. space空间；B. time 时间；C. company公司；D. nutrition营养。,我在1999年买下萨默塞特林地的原因是树木需要空间。故选A。【28题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。A. since自从；B. for因为；C. yet但是；D. so因此。前后是因果关系。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。A. benefits益处；B. chances机会；C. location位置；D. appearance外表。气候变化已被证实,所以我对树木是否有生长机会的忧虑。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：狂风、干旱、洪水共同抵抗他们。A. piling up堆积；B. speeding up加速；C. keeping up 保持；D. mixing up混合。这里讲到影响树木生长的阻碍。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我没预料到事态发展的如此之快。A. wish祈求；B. intend打算；C. allow允许；D. expect期待；预料。因为林地目前很好，但新树苗在疯长。故选D。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：生物的数量在减少。A. in place适当的；B. in order整齐；C. in decline下降；D. in question考虑中的。上文提到树木在疯长，用but转折可知 creatures的数量应该在减少(in decline)。故选C。【33题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：蚂蚁和蝴蝶仍然有，但是数量减少了。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. ever曾经；D. once一旦。,根据减少得知前面是虽然still存在。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们如何让这片土地上的生物摆脱杀虫剂呢？。A. short of缺乏；B. sick of厌恶；C. free of摆脱；D. full of充满。杀虫剂阻碍生物生长，要摆脱它们。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡。A. glory荣誉；B. function功能；C. impact影响；D. balance平衡。我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡,和最后一句 restore my balance呼应。故选D。第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上讲该题涂黑。AWelcome to Fraser IslandYour adventure unfoldsOnce departing Rainbow Beach we start from Inskip Point by vehicle ferry. Watch out for dolphins.Northward boundtravel by 4WD (4wheel drive) along the endless golden highway of 75 Mile BeachSwim at crystal clear freshwater LAKEMCKENZIEfamous for its turquoise colors and white sands.Delicious “Aussie style” sizzling bushBBQ with icy cold drinks.Primitive rainforestluxuriant canopy of palms and vines.Eli Creektime for a lazy dip.Shipwreck of the SS Maheno-built in Scotland 1904-a permanent fixture to the Northern Beach since 1935.Intriguing Colored Sands formationspart of this Worlds largest sand island. Remember this is a 4WD safari and may not be suitable if pregnant or if you havea bad back. Dress comfortablyits not a fashionparade! Bring your swimmers and camera.Complimentary cold drinks Prime 250g Rib Fillet Steak OR local award winning 100% beef sausages and onions OR Fishdelicate white fillets with lemon, OR Vegetarian.Burgerspecial blend seasonal vegetables.GENERAL CONDITIONS:Tours may vary due to tidal or weather conditions. As we are a small company and prepare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.NOT RECOMMENDED FOR YOUNG CHILDREN.Codford Pty. Ltd. Trading as FraserIsland Nature Tours ABN 80 010 870 72936. Which of the following is mentioned about Fraser Island?A. Considerable size and cheap souvenirs.B. Authentic food and impressive food.C. Target visitors and modern architecture.D. Convenient transportation and long history.37. According to the leaflet, visitors should .A. dress their fashionable clothesB. provide a health certificateC. pay extra money for cancellationD. follow the fixed trip plans【答案】36. B 37. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Fraser岛的特色饮食和旅游事项。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据Delicious “Aussie style” sizzling bush BBQ with icy cold drinks. Primitive rainforestluxuriant canopy of palms and vines.可知Fraser Island有正宗的、令人印象深刻的食物。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据全文最后一句As we are a small company and prepare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.可知取消是要额外付费的，故选C。BLike a lot of health-care professionals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives. “Theres this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing,” says the ER physician and host of CBCs White Coat, Black Art. But that “one more thing” often comes at Goldmans expense.“Youre exhausted and a patient or their family look at you with begging eyes,” he says. “So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until youre totally spent?” Goldmans work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago. Caring for her over a decade was difficult, as was dealing with his fathers grief. “When someone else is drowning you, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself,” says Goldman.Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain. Here are some tips.First, “If someones behavior makes you unhappy - and it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise - then theres room to set limits,” says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist. We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours. In order to control t hi s im pul se, Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of self-kindness. When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortable, unhappy or unappreciated. “You cant relate to others or be kind to others if you arent kind to yourself,” he says.Second, once youve become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requir es clear verbal communication. There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationship: fear, guilt and self-doubt, says psychologist Nicole MaCance. We often fear that if we set limits, the other person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs. Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense. Start by cooperatively listing values - like mutual respect, support, and loyalty - and then building the guidelines from these values. If youre struggling to reach a consensus, Keelan recommends engaging a third party, such as a therapist, to help.Now, if you want a boundary to stick to, you cant enable someone in breaking it. As such, its crucial to establish consequences for transgressions ( 越轨). Otherwise, McMance says, “youre giving them permission to violate that boundary.” If they wont respect your boundaries, you have to do some soul- searching about the value of the relationship. “When you feel bad more than you feel good in this persons presence, and when the relationship is impacting your self-worth and happiness, its time to reassess,” says McCance. Saying no is hard, but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier relationships. “Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.”38. What do we know about Goldman?A. He is in need of support in his work.B. He is caught between his work and life.C. He slides into the state of desperation.D. He always puts his family at the first place.39. What do the underlined words “this impulse” refer to?A. prioritizing others happinessB. avoiding setting limitsC. failing to stick to their promiseD. framing the development of boundaries40. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Do communicate.B. Do not cross.C. Identify your limits.D. Say no and mean it.【答案】38. B 39. A 40. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章提到设定界限对忙碌的职场人士很重要。同时作者给出两点保持界限的建议：第一是设限，第二是清晰的口头沟通。作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives可知Goldman发现他很难在他的工作和个人生活之间划清界限。因此答案选择B。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线部分含义为“这种冲动”，那么这种冲动是什么要根据前一句提到的是we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours可知是指“我们把他人的快乐和舒适放在首位”，故选A。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一句Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.可知作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。且结合文章内容为一致讲到界限边界，提醒人们在处理人和人之间关系的时候不要越界。因此选择B最为符合。CBabies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noisesthe phonemes (音素) of a languageeach cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. Wed rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of