初二下册英语总复习.doc

Unit1-5 复习一一重点词汇1. in the futurein the future意为“将来，一段时间之后的事”；in future意为“今后”，可解释为from now on，如： The little boy didnt know what he would do in the future, but he did know that he wouldnt talk with Bob in future because they had just had a big fight. 小男孩儿不知道将来要做什么，但他的确知道他今后不会再和Bob说话了，因为他们刚打了一架。2. fall（过去式：fell；过去分词：fallen）fall down 跌倒 例如：He fell down to the ground.fall in love with 爱上某人或某物例如：He fell in love with her.fall into 掉入 例如：He fell into the river.fall onto跌倒在之上 例如：He fell onto the ground from his bike.fall off 从跌落下来例如：He fell off his bicycle.3. talk的用法talk about sth.意思是“谈论某事”，例如： Now lets talk about your homework. 现在我们来谈谈你的作业。talk with sb. 意思是“和某人交谈（一人说一人听）”，例如： My mother is talking with my English teacher. 我妈妈在和我的英语老师交谈。talk to sb.意思是“对某人谈”，例如：The teacher is talking to the students. 老师在对学生们谈话。talk over sth.作“讨论某事”解，宾语是代词时须位于副词over之前，例如： They talked over the matter at table.他们吃饭时讨论了这个问题。give a talk意思是“作一个报告”。注意要表示 “告诉某人某事”时，须用tell sb. about sth.4. argue with sb.和discussargue重在就自己的看法、立场提出论证说理，以说服他人。而discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分，如：I argued with him for a long time, but he refused to listen to reason. 我和他辩论了好久，但他拒不服理。The women were discussing hats. 女人们在谈论帽子。argue的常见搭配argue on / about sth. 就进行辩论argue with sb. about sth. 就某事与某人一起辩论5. enough “足够的，充足的” enough作为形容词放在名词之前，起修饰名词作用，作为副词修饰形容词或副词放置其后，常用于：be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型，意为“足以能”。如：She has drunk enough water/water enough. 她已经喝了足够的水。Im strong enough for this work. 我够强壮，足以胜任这项工作。The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这孩子不够上学的年龄。He runs fast enough. No one can catch up with him. 他跑得足够的快。没人能赶得上他。 另外，enough前除可用quite外，一般不用修饰；enough作名词用时，表示“足够，充足”。如：The man never has enough. 这个人永远不知足。Ive had enough, thank you. 我吃饱了，谢谢。6. find， find out和look forfind表示“找到，认为，觉得”，强调动作的结果。常指找到丢失或忘掉的东西。如：Jim couldnt find his hat. 吉姆找不着帽子了。I cant find my book. 我找不到我的书。look for意为“找，寻找”是持续性动词，强调动作，不表示结果。如：She is looking for her son. 她正在找她的儿子。Im looking for my watch. 我正在寻找我的手表。比较：He cant find his pen.他找不到他的钢笔了。- What are you looking for? 你在干什么？- Im looking for my maths book. I cant find it. 我正找我的数学书，我找不到它了。find out作经过打听，询问 后搞清楚，弄明白。或指“查明”的动作，“经过调查”发现，查明真相。如：I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。7. be angry with sb.；be angry at sth. （1）表示“对某人生气”， 可以说 be/get/become angry with sb.也可说be/get/become angry at sb.前者更普遍，后者更侧重于“对某人的言行生气”。如： Mother got angry at（with）me only because I had broken a precious cup. 妈妈对我发火，只是因为我打破了一只贵重的杯子。 I was very（rather）angry at what he said. 我对他所说的话非常生气。（2）表示“因某事生气”， 可说be/get/become angry at sth.也可说be/get/become angry about sth.如： He was angry at（about）what I said. 他对我所说的话感到生气。 She was angry at being kept waiting. 她因别人让她久候而生气。8. on the tree和in the tree表示“在树上”既可以用on也可以用in，但用的词不一样，所隐含的意思也就不一样：in the tree通常表示所提物体不是树上长出来的，而是挂在、落在或是停歇在树上。如：The birds are singing in the trees. 鸟在树上唱歌。The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在树上。on the tree通常表示所提物体是树上长出来的部分。如：They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他们正忙着摘树上的苹果。 There arent many oranges on the tree. 这棵树上桔子不多。9. the sameas 同一样的sameadj.同一的，相同的，如： Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。 pron. 同样的事物，如：I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。the sameas 同一样的，表示与as后的事物很相像，但并不是同一个。如：Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。the same that = one and the same 同一样的，表示与that后的事物完全一致，完全一样。如：He was wearing the same shirt (that) hed on the day before.他穿的那件衬衫，是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。 I went out the same way (that) Id got in. 我顺着进来的原路出去了。10. help sb.with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事如：He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。11. bored 和boring bored表示被动的含义。例如：I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。boring 表示主动的含义。例如：It is very boring to study English. 学习英语很无聊。12. surprise 动词“使惊奇”。 如：You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!(1) surprise 还可以作为名词“惊奇，吃惊”；“可惊的事情, 意外的事情”。作为“令人吃惊的事情，意外的事情”是可数名词，如： What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事!Dont tell him about the present its a surprise. 不要告诉他礼物的事，这是件意想不到的礼物。(2) surprising 形容词“令人吃惊的”，表示主动的含义，如：They have heard the surprising news. 他们听到了那个惊人的消息。(3) surprised形容词“感到惊讶的”，表示被动的含义，如I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。(4) to ones surprise 使某人非常惊奇的是，如： To my surprise, I found him sing well. 使我吃惊的是他歌唱得很好。二重点结构There be 结构变形：在there be结构中还可把be改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变，具体总结如下：1. There used/seem/happen/appear to be 如： There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看来没人愿意帮忙。 There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。 There doesnt seem to be much hope. 好像没有太大的希望。 2. 在there be的be前还可以加上各种情态动词。 如： There must be something wrong.一定有问题。 There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。 There might still be hope.可能还有点希望。 3. 特殊的表达方式： (1) There is no sense in doing.做某事是没有用的，没有意义的。 There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。 There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有意义的。 (2) There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。 There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。 (3) There is thought/said/reported to be人们认为有/据说有/据报道有 There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道，找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。 (4) There is no doing（口语）不可能There is no telling when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。 Unit1-5 复习二 一重点词汇1. different kinds of 意为“不同种类的”，“各种各样的”，等于all kinds of，kinds of 后面接可数或不可数名词均可。kind有两个词性：1）kind作名词，意为“种类”。 如： There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多种动物。2）kind作形容词，意为“和善的，友好的”。 如Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。2. advice意为“劝告，意见，忠告”等，是不可数名词，前不加冠词。可用a piece of advice，pieces of advice的结构来表示数量。与advice搭配的动词短语有：ask sb. for advice向某人征求意见follow/take sbs advice 遵从某人的劝告give sb. some advice 给某人提出建议如：The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health.医生对如何提高我们的身体素质提出了一些建议。3. 辨析leave和forget这两个词都有“遗忘，忘记”的意思，但用法不同，注意区别。1）leave+sth.+sp. 指“把某物遗忘在某地” 如： I left my notebook in the classroom.我把笔记本忘在教室里了。2）forget to do sth.指“忘记去做某事” forget doing sth. 指“忘记做过某事”如： I forget to tell her about it.我忘了把这件事告诉她。I forgot telling her about it.我忘记曾把这件事告诉过她。4. in hospital该短语译为“住院”，hospital前面无冠词，表示抽象概念。而短语in the hospital则译为“在医院里”，并非生病住院之意。在英语中，介词和一些单数名词连用，可以表示抽象概念。如：at school 上学 go to school上学go to bed 上床睡觉 in/ out of jail坐牢/出狱5. take a day off该短语译为“休一天假”。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或责任的免除，如：You mustnt take a day off just because you want to see a football match.你不能只是为了想看一场足球赛而休息一天。I think I will take the afternoon off, because I get sick.我想我下午要休假，因为我病了。6. be mad at.“对非常愤怒，恼火” 如： They were mad at missing the train.没赶上火车，他们气得发疯。mad还可以和其他的介词搭配构成一些短语。如：be mad about 对狂热，着迷go mad 发疯，疯了7. bring.to. “把带到来” 其反义词组为take.to.，即“把带到去”，如：It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨，随身带把伞吧。Please bring the long ruler here, and take the short one away.请拿把长尺子到这儿来，把这把短的带走。Mum, please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class.妈妈，请把英语书和CD碟带到学校来。我上英语课时要用。8. be supposed to“认为必须；认为应该；认为必要” 如： Am I supposed to clean all the rooms?我必须打扫所有的房间吗？You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday.最晚在星期五你必须结清这笔账。9. remindremind及物动词，意为“提醒，使记起，使想起。”remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示“提醒某人做某事”。如： Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school.他去上学的时候，记得提醒他关窗户。10. make money赚钱，挣钱make money=earn money赚钱如：He makes money by fishing. 他靠打鱼赚钱。11. hard与 hardlyhard为副词，意思是“努力地，费力地，辛苦地”, 如：He works hard. 他努力工作。hardly否定副词，意思为“几乎不”，表示否定含义，如：He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。12. response 相当于answer，reply，但是比这两个词的用法要正式。常用于词组response to sb./sth.“回复某人或某事”，注意to在这里是介词，它后面要跟名词或代词。如： Ive had no response to his letter. 我还没有给他回信。13. be good at 和 do well in这两个词组都意为“擅长、善于”；be good at 侧重于惯常的行为，do well in 侧重于具体的事情，指做某事做得好，但是现在这两个词组用法的区别日益缩小，通常可以互换。be good at的比较级是be better at，反义词组是be weak in；do well in 的比较级是do better in，反义词组是do badly in。如：I am good at English composition.You must do well in this test.二重点结构1. It seems that是一个固定句型，“看来，似乎是，好像”的意思。相当于“主语+ seem+ to do”， 如果动词不定式为“to be形容词”时，to be往往省略。如：It seems that she is very sad. 她似乎很难过。= She seems (to be) very sad.It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。= He seems to like his new job.It seems that与人称代词连用，意为：“感到好像，觉得似乎”。如： It seems to me that it will snow. 我看要下雪。2. Whats wrong (with sb./ sth.)? Whats wrong? 的意思是“怎么啦？”，用于询问发生了一件什么事情，也可以在whats wrong的后面接一介词短语，询问某人或某物出了什么问题。如： Whats wrong? 怎么回事？ I dont know. 我不知道。 Whats wrong with your bike, Jake? 你的自行车怎么啦，Jake？ It is broken. 我的车坏了。 There is something wrong with his leg. 他的腿出了毛病。 类似的表达方法还有： Whats the matter (with sb./ sth.)? Whats the trouble (with sb./ sth.)? Whats up?3. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.，做某事对某人来说，在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，也就是to do sth.是真正的主语，而it只是形式主语，如果不强调对某人的影响，可以省略for sb.如：Its very good for you to read more English books. 多读些英语书对你来说是很有益处的。It is quite surprising to hear the news. 听到这个消息确实很震惊。4. If +一般现在时句子，主语+一般将来时。这是我们初中学习阶段中比较重要的结构，是if引导的条件状语从句。这里最关键的是要注意从句与主句的时态。如： f he is ill, he wont go to school. 如果他生病了，就不会上学了。 Review of units 6-10重点词汇Unit 61. collect 收集 2. shell 贝壳 3. skate 滑冰 4. for 表示时间的持续 5. since 自以后 6. pair 一对 7. raise 筹集 8. several 少数几个 9. stamp 邮票 10. probably 或许 11. store 储存 12. room 空间 13. particularly 特别的 14. anyone 任何人 15. collector 收集者16. common 普通的17. topic 题目 18. capital 首都 19. European 欧洲的 20. Russian 俄罗斯的 21. Australian 澳大利亚的 22. thousand 一千 23. foreigner 外国人 24. quite 十分 25. certain 确实的 26. miss 想念Unit 71. yard 院子 2. brought 动词bring的过去式 3. line 排 4. annoy 使生气 5. polite 有礼貌的 6. perhaps 大概 7. Asian 亚洲的 8. impolite 无礼的 9. allow 允许 10. voice 声音 11. public 公众 12. cough 咳嗽 13. break 违背 14. smoke 吸烟 15. careful 小心的 16. drop 落下 17. litter 垃圾 18. pick 挑选Unit 81. personal 私人的 2. special 特别的 3. receive 接受 4. gave 动词give的过去式 5. mouse 老鼠 6. snake 蛇 7. child 孩子 8. advantage 优点 9. perfect 完美的 10. company 伙伴 11. cost 花费 12. asleep 睡着了 13. choose 选择 14. present 礼物 15. instead 代替 16. enter 进入 17. nearly 几乎 18. clearly 清楚的 19. winner 胜利者 20. interested 感兴趣的 21. encourage 鼓励 22. progress 进步 23. suggest 建议 24. besides 除之外 25. mention 提及 26. drive 开车Unit 91. neither 二者都不 2. character 人物 3. seen 动词see的过去分词 4. island 岛屿 5. especially 特别 6. discover 发现 7. film 电影 8. wonderful 极好的 9. holiday 假日 10. quarter 一刻钟 11. population 人口 12. fear 害怕 13. brave 勇敢 14. excellent 极好的 15. Indian 印度的 16. dark 黑暗 17. wake 醒来 18. natural 自然的 19. environment 环境 20. temperature 温度 21. whenever 无论何时 22. spring 春天 23. autumn 秋天 24. season 季节 25. awake 醒着的Unit 101. noon 中午 2. goodbye 再见 3. cross 穿过 4. low 低的 5. slow 慢的 6. fan 迷 7. note 短信 8. traffic 交通 9. least 形容词和副词little的最高级Units 6-101. review 复习，回顾重点词组及句型： Unit 61. run out of 用完，用尽 2. by the way 顺便一提 3. be interested in 对感兴趣 4. far away 在远处5. a pair of skate 一双溜冰鞋 6. snow globes里面有雪花的球型玻璃器 7. three and a half years三年半 8. more than=over 超过 9. on the way to 在的路上Unit 71. not at all 一点也不 2. turn down 把调低 3. right away 立刻，马上 4. wait in line 排队等候 5. cut in line 插队 6. at first 第一 7. keep down 控制 8. take care 当心，小心 9. break the rule 违反规则 10. put out 扑灭 11. pick up 捡起 12. get mad/annoyed 变得生气 13. happen to sb. 发生在某人身上 14.half an hour半小时 15. in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻，马上 16. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上学/上课迟到 17. at last=in the end=finally 最后18. allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允许某人做/不做某事 19. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允许某人做/不做某事 20. in public 当众地；公开地；公然地 21. in public places 在公共场所Unit 81. fall asleep 入睡 2. give away 赠送 3. hear of 听说 4. make progress 取得进步 5. take an interest in 对感兴趣 6. make friends with 与交友 7. rather than 宁愿而不是，胜于 8. would dorather than do宁愿不愿做 9. too personal 太私人化 10. not interesting enough不够有趣 11. make a special meal 做一顿特别的饭 12. an 8-year-old child 一个八岁的孩子 13. these days 最近 14. different kinds of 不同种类 15. make her happy 使她高兴 16. someone else 别人（else总是后置）17. improve English 提高英语 18. in different ways 以不同的方式19. encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做Unit 91. on board 在船上 2. end up结束 3. flight attendant 空中服务员 4. tour guide 导游 5. three quarters 四分之三 6. wake up 睡醒 7. all year round 一年到头 8. take a ride 兜风9. take a holiday/vacation 度假 10. such as 例如 11. a zoo called/named 一个叫做的动物园 12. during the daytime 在白天13. have a great/nice/wonderful/great time 玩得高兴14. a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit一个度假/游览的好地方15. an English-speaking country一个讲英语的国家16. be asleep=fall asleep睡着17. Three quarters of the population are Chinese. 四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语动词用复数形式）18. Whats the population of China? 中国的人口是多少？（不用how much提问）19. The population of China is 1.3 billion中国的人口是13亿。（谓语用单数）Unit 101. look through 浏览 2. come along 出现，发生，来到 3. get along 相处 4. at least 至少 5. feel like doing=want to do sth.想做某事 6. like to do sth./like doing sth.喜欢做某事 7. would like to do sth.=want to do sth.想要做某事8. have a hard/difficult time doing sth.费了很大劲做某事9. have problem doing sth. 做某事有困难10. have fun doing sth.乐于做某事11. need to do sth. 需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动）12. need doing=need to be done 需要被（主语是物，强调被动）13. thank-you note 感谢信14. get along/ on well 相处得好15. at most 最多 16. be careful =look out 当心，小心17. be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/不做某事18. go through 穿过（空间/房间/森林等）19. go past 经过/路过20. say in a low/loud voice 小声地/大声地说 21. something cost+钱= something is worth+钱 某物值多少钱 22. a high/low temperature 高/低温23. the price is high/low 价格高/低 24. do/try ones best to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事日常用语： Unit 61. How long have you been collecting coins? 你收集硬币有多久了？2. I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬币有五年了。3. I have been collecting since I was a primary school student. 我从上小学就开始收集了。4. I have been collecting for five years. 我已经收集了有五年时间了。5. How long did she surf the internet? 她上网有多久了？6. She surfed the internet for two years. 她上网有两年的时间了。7. When did you get your first pair of skates? 你什么时候得到你的第一双溜冰鞋？8. I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到我的第一双溜冰鞋。9. Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜欢集邮，因为邮票很有趣。10. If anyone else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，请让我知道。11. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。Unit 71. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗?2. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 一点也不。我马上就扫。3. Would you mind not playing baseball here? 请不要在这儿打棒球好吗？4. Sorry, well go and play in the park. 对不起，我们到公园去打。5. Could you (please) make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗?6. Thats no problem. 没问题。7. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please dont feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗? 8. OK, Ill put on another pair. 好的，我会换一条。9. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在图书馆里这种事情总是发生在我的身上。10. I get annoyed when classmates borrow my eraser and dont return it. 当同学借了我的橡皮不还给我时，我就很烦。11. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places. 即使你和你的朋友在一起，在公共场所最好还是低声说话。12. For example, dropping litter is almost nerve allowed. 例如，乱扔垃圾几乎是不被允许的。Unit 81. What should I get my mom for her birthday? 我应该为我的妈妈买什么?2. Why dont you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 为什么不买条围巾呢?3. Whats the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?4. What a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙!5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year old child. 我认为对一个六岁的孩子来说，狗是很好的宠物。6. Sometimes I dont have enough time to spend with her. 有时候我没有足够的时间来陪她。7. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts. 在美国，有些人让他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善团体而不是给他们自己买礼物。8. People dont need to spend too much m