最新沪教牛津版九年级下册课文与翻译

1 7 Unit1 Great explorations The voyages of Zheng He Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer In 1405 he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America His travels were so important that they are still studied today Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371 He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries In a few years he built a great fleet of ships the biggest in the world at that time The ships were known as treasure ships They were big enough to carry 25 000 people as well as very large quantities of goods From 1405 to 1433 Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South East Asia the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold silver and silk At the end of each voyage Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time such as a giraffe from Africa Besides developing trade the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies They helped the development of those countries and regions Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage However his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world 郑和是一位著名的中国探险家 1405年 他从中国出发 开始了七次伟大航行中的第一次 这是在克里 斯托弗 哥伦布第一次起航发现美洲之旅的近一个世纪以前 他的旅行如此重要以至于今天仍被人们研究 郑和1371年出生在云南 他升为明朝永乐皇帝一名值得信赖的官员 皇帝命令郑和访问并探索中国以外 的土地 他的任务是加强与外国的关系 并与之建立贸易路线 在几年的时间里 他建立了一支巨大的船队 当时世界上最大的 船队 那些船被称作宝船 它们足够大 能承载25000人以及大量的货物 从1405年到1433年 郑和七次旅行 访问了东南亚 中东地区 甚至非洲东海岸 似乎对他来说没有什 么地方是遥不可及的 这些旅行允许中国交换一些贵重物品 如金 银和丝绸 每次航线结束 郑和带回了 许多在中国第一次见到的东西 比如一只非洲长颈鹿 除了增强贸易之外 航行也促成了文化与科技的交流 它们帮助了那些国家和地区的发展 1433年 郑和在他最后一次航行中去世 然而 他的航行是一项如此巨大的成就 以至于人们仍将他作 为开辟世界各地不同民族间文化联系的先驱而铭记 2 7 Unit2 Culture shock Living in another country My name is Brad Li I m here today to tell you about my experience an exchange student in the United States last year I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me Many things were strange to me the language the food and even the school I stayed with a host family in a small town My host parents Mr and Mrs Hurst were very kind They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldn t miss home or feel lonely However to a certain degree life in the US was hard to get used to My main problem was with the language I failed to understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast Though I soon managed to get used to it I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms For example they often say they are under the weather when they are ill Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China Another difference was the food My host family always had bread potatoes and salad for meals I really missed the dumplings rice and delicious dishes from home School was a big shock too They do not require students to wear uniforms so students can wear almost whatever they like Some students have strange hairstyles as well Some students even have pink or purple hair Anyway I have many great memories of that year especially playing in the snow in winter and playing baseball At Halloween I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter At Thanksgiving we had a big dinner with a huge turkey It was an exciting year and it was a valuable education for me Now I understand more about American culture My American friends asked me many questions about life in China and this made me think about my own culture as well 在另一个国家生活 我的名字叫布拉德 李 今天我在这里讲述我去年在美国作为一名交换生的经历 我必须承认 起初美国 文化 对我来说是个很大的文化冲击 许多事物是陌生的 语言 食物甚至学校 我与小镇上的一个寄宿家庭生活在一起 我寄宿家庭的父母 赫斯特先生和夫人 非常善良 在我的空闲时 间里 他们为我组织了许多活动 以便我不会想家 也不会感觉孤独 然而 在某种程度上 美国的生活很难适应 我的主要问题是语言 在最初的几周 我未能理解多少 因为 大家说得很快 虽然我很快勉力适应了 但我仍然有麻烦 因为他们用了许多习语 例如 生病时 他们经 常说 under the weather under the weather 略有不适 他们的日常英语与我们在中国学的差别很大 另一个差别是食物 我寄宿的家庭吃饭总是吃面包 土豆和沙拉 我真的想念家乡的水饺 米饭和美味佳肴 学校也是一个大的冲击 他们不要求学生穿校服 因此学生几乎可以穿他们喜欢的一切 一些学生也留着奇 怪的发型 一些学生甚至留着粉红色或紫色的头发 无论如何 那一年我有很多美好的回忆 尤其是冬天在雪地里玩和打棒球 在万圣节前夕 我打扮成哈利 波 特去参加了一个聚会 在感恩节 我们吃了一顿有着一只硕大火鸡的大餐 3 7 那是令人激动的一年 而且它对我来说是一次宝贵的有教益的经历 现在我理解了更多的美国文化 我的美 国朋友问了我许多关于中国生活的问题 这也使我思考了自己的文化 Unit3 The environment The world is in danger Our world is in danger We must do something to protect the environment But what are the main problems we face The greenhouse effect The atmosphere around the Earth is necessary for all living things It is like the glass of a greenhouse letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out Without it the Earth would be the same as the Moon cold and lifeless When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal we produce a gas called carbon dioxide CO2 Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere and causes it to keep in too much heat As a result of the greenhouse effect the Earth s temperature is increasing This causes sea level to rise and in the future may cause cities to disappear Cutting down forests Every year we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain This can result in floods and even more damage to the environment Bad habits Many of our habits cause pollution People often use things once and then throw them away or leave them on the ground as litter This increases mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas In order to protect the environment we need to take proper action We should be different from many customers and become green consumers This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment We should also recycle as many things as we can We can reuse things for the same purpose as before or we can use them for new purposes If we just learn to live in new and different ways we can make a difference 世界处于危险中 我们的世界处于危险中 我们必须做些事来保护环境 但是 我们面对的主要问题是什么呢 温室效应 地球周围的大气层对所有生物是必需的 它像温室的玻璃 让阳光进入并组织热量散出去 没有它 地球将 会和月球一样 寒冷且没有生命 当我们燃烧像汽油和煤这些燃料时 我们产生一种叫二氧化碳 CO2 的气体 太多的这种气体污染大气层 并导致它保存太多的热量 由于温室效应 地球的温度正在上升 这导致了海平面上升 并且在将来可能导 致地球消失 砍伐森林 每年 我们通过砍伐大面积的森林破坏自然 这使温室效应更严重 因为树木吸收二氧化碳 释放出氧气 砍伐树木也破坏住在森林里的动物的家园 并导致土壤表层容易受雨水侵蚀 这可能造成洪水 爆发 对 环境破坏更大 坏习惯 我们的许多习惯造成污染 人们经常东西用了一次就扔掉 或者把它们作为垃圾留着地上 这制造大量的垃 圾 污染我们的陆地和海洋 为了保护环境 我们需要采取正确行动 我们应该不同于很多消费者而成为 环保消费者 这意味着我们 应该只买和使用对环境无害的产品 我们也应该尽可能多地回收利用物品 我们可以像从前一样以同样的用 4 7 途重新使用物品 或者我们可以把它们用作新用途 如果我们现在就以新的且不同的方式学着生活 我们会 起作用的 Unit4 Natural disasters The great flood Last week in Geography class we learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles melted sea level around the world would rise and many cities would be flooded and disappear It started to worry me What would happen if our city was badly flooded Would anyone remain alive Last night I dreamt about a great flood It was nine o clock in the morning My bedroom floor was a pool of water I looked out of the window Water was everywhere It covered roads parks and small houses Large objects such as coaches and boats passed by my window They were floating in the water I could not just stand there I had to do something I tried to call my dad but the line was dead My computer was still working so I sent him an email I wrote Dad there s a flood What should we do He sent me an email back which said Kevin my boss has given me some work It s important to stick with it I can t afford to sit around and worry about the flood Then I emailed my best friend What should we do about the flood I asked My friend replied I have no time to think about the flood I m playing computer games I shouted The WATER Look at the WATER But my cries fell on deaf ears In offices and homes people just sat and stared at their computer screens It seemed that they did not want to leave Computers were more important than the flood Very soon the water came into people s rooms It poured onto their desks and covered their computers In surprise people finally started to notice the flood but it was too late Then I awoke There was no water I was safe for now 大洪水 在上周的地理课上 我们学习到如果南北两极所有的冰都融化了 全世界的海平面就会上升 许多城市将被 淹没并消失 这使我开始担心 如果我们的城市严重淹水 将会发生什么事 还会有人活着吗 昨天晚上 我梦到一场大洪水 早上九点钟 我的卧室的地板成了一个水塘 我向窗外看去 到处是水 水淹没了道路 公园和小房子 大 件的物体 例如长途汽车和船 从我窗前经过 它们在漂浮在水中 我不能只是站在那里 我必须做点什么 我试图给我爸爸打电话 但是电话线路不通 我的电脑还在运行 所以我给他发了一封邮件 我写道 爸 爸 发洪水了 我们该怎么办 他给我回了一封邮件 上面写道 凯文 我的老板给了我一些工作 坚持 工作很重要 我抽不出时间闲坐着担心洪水 接着 我给我最好的朋友发邮件 我们应该怎样对待洪水 我问道 我的朋友回答说 我没有时间考 虑洪水 我在玩电脑游戏 我大声喊 水 看那些水 但是我的呼喊无人理睬 在办公室和家里 人们只是坐着 盯着他们的电脑 屏幕 似乎他们并不想离开 电脑比洪水更重要 5 7 很快 水进入了人们的房间 涌到他们的桌子上 并淹没了他们的电脑 最后 人们惊讶地开始注意到洪水 但是已经太晚了 接着 我醒了 没有水 我很安全 暂时的 Unit5 Sport Skiing An unforgettable experience by Vanessa Last year my parents took me on a very special holiday My dream was to see some real snow so during the Christmas holiday we took our passports and flew over the Pacific to Calgary Canada We took a bus to a ski resort in the Canadian Rockies As the bus climbed through the mountains we saw the thick snow on the trees I was dying to get out and play with it At last we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus This was our first experience with snow We were like little children we made snowballs and threw them at one another Then we checked in at the hotel We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel We could not wait to get out and ski The next day we put on our ski suits and gloves took our skis and went outside onto the snow Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange Suddenly I found myself unable to walk Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple Our instructor took us to a gentle slope and showed us some basic skills To be honest that first lesson was not a great success I kept on falling over and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance However the next day I only fell over a few times and I managed to do a few rapid runs I felt pleased with myself and my instructor told me I was doing much better Although it was very cold I spent most of my holiday skiing I had a wonderful time It was all over too soon It was a shame but we had to leave I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday next year 滑雪 一次难忘的经历 瓦内萨 去年 我父母带我度过了一个真正特别的假期 我的梦想是看一些真正的雪 所以在圣诞期间 我们带上护照 飞越太平洋到达了加拿大的卡尔加里市 我 们乘公共汽车到了位于加拿大落基山脉的滑雪旅游胜地 当公共汽车翻山越岭时 我们看到树上厚厚的积雪 我极想出去玩玩雪 最后 我们到达了旅游胜地并迅速跳下公共汽车 这是我们第一次与雪相伴的经历 我 们就像小孩子一样 滚雪球 互相投掷 后来 我们登记入住旅馆 在旅馆的对面我们可以看到滑雪斜坡 我们迫不及待想出去滑雪 第二天 我们穿上我们的滑雪服 戴上手套 带上我们的滑雪板 来到外面的雪地上 第一次穿上滑雪板让 我感觉怪怪的 突然 我发现自己不能行走了 后来 我们和一堆年轻夫妻一起参加了滑雪课 我们的教练 带我们去了一个平缓的斜坡并教给了我们一些基本的技巧 说实在的 第一堂课并不是很成功 我不停地跌 倒 不得不抓住一根绳索以保持平衡 6 7 然而 第二天 我只跌倒了几次 我设法做一些快速的滑行 我对自己感到很满意 我的教练告诉我 我做 得好多了 尽管天气很冷 但假期中大部分时间我都用于滑雪 我过的非常愉快 假期很快就全部结束了 真是遗憾 但我们不得不里看看 我希望今年父母会带我回来过一个精彩的滑雪假 期 Unit6 Caring for your health How to lead a balanced life Many students suffer from stress in their daily lives They are under stress because their lives are not balanced They focus too much on studying dealing with peer pressure and worrying about what others think and not enough on other things You may wonder whether stress is a serious matter The answer is Yes You should be aware that stress is a risk to your health If you want to live a long and healthy life you need to begin to guard against stress from a young age Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life Be positive One way to cancel out stress is through positive thinking You sho