高考语法填空解题技巧及专项训练

高考语法填空解题技巧及专项训练高考语法填空解题技巧及专项训练 语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型 这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇 语法 甚 至是句法上的运用能力 能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平 本题型分两种情况 一种为已给单词提 示 一种为不给单词提示 本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究 总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧 语篇型语法填空题的形式为 在一篇 200 词左右的语篇 短文或对话 中留出 10 处空白 部分空白的 后面给出单词的基本形式 要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式 所填 写词语不得多于 3 个单词 考生须灵活运用语法知识 如单词词性 单词时态 名词单复数 连接词 代词 冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容 一 给出动词基本形态 填写词性词形转化 转为名词 形容词 或填写谓语部分 可能需要填写 两个或三个词 或是填写非谓语动词 二 给出形容词 需要填写比较级 最高级 或词性词形转化 转化为副词 或是填写反义词 前 缀 三 给出副词 填写比较级 最高级 或是填写反义词 四 不给提示词 主要填写介词 连词 冠词和代词 有提示词 考查谓语动词非谓语动词形容词副词 无提示词 考查冠词介词连词代词 一 已给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度 单词形式变化主要有两种 一是词的形 数 式的变化 一是词的派生变化 在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题 看是否需要使用复合的变化 形式 这一点是很重要的 技巧一 名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数 复数 所有格的变化 例 1 There are many students living at school the child houses are all far from schoo1 由 students 词可以判断出横线处应填复数 且作为 houses 的定语 所以应用其所有格形式 故答案为 child 的复合变化形式 复数的所有格 children s 技巧二 动词形式变化 动词的形式变化比较多 有谓语的变化 时态 语态 语气 有非谓语 的变化 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 例 2 A talk give tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang 句中的 is 是整句的谓语 所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语 从 tomorrow 可以看出 报告是 将来 作的 故用不定式 且报告是 give 动作的承受者 故可以判断出横线所在处用 give 的不定式被动式 tn be given 技巧三 代词形式变化 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类 即人称代词 主 格和宾格 物主代词 形容词性和名词性 反身代词 另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化 如 no one none other another 等 例 3 The king decided to see the painter by he 由介词 bv 可以看出 横线处应填反身代词 himself 技巧四 形容词 副词比较级变化 英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级 比较级和 最高级的变化 构成比较级和最高级的方式 或通过加后缀一 er 和 est 或在词前 Imore less 和 most least 且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以 the 例 4 I am tall than Liu Wen He is the tallest students in my class 此题后句交代了 LiuWen 是班上最高的学生 那 我 肯定比他矮 所以不能用 taller 只能用 表示程度不如的 less tall 技巧五 数词形式变化 数词的形式变化包括基数词 序数词 或加后缀一 teen ty 的变化 甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式 以及 one two 的特殊变化形式 例 5 To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses My eldest son shall take a half my second son shall take a three 从上下文连续起来理解 这是一个分马的计划 大儿子分得 a half 也就是 一半 或 二分之一 那 么二儿子应该得 三分之一 所以要填入作分母的序数词 third 才能命中目标 技巧六 词的派生 词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的 派生现象主要发生在名词 动词 形容词 副词四种词中 这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根 前后缀 派生词的掌握 例 6 Lious lost his wallet yesterday SO he was very happiness 在这道题中 学生很容易判断出该用形容词 由此可知将 happinessJ 成词根 h 印 py 钱包 丢了 人应该是不开心的 所以要再加个前缀 Hn 就成了 unhappy 二 未给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题难度较大 但也是有方法对付的 技巧七 固定短语结构 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语 但 有时要对横线前或后的几个单词 视而不见 才能命中答案 例 7 The children were playing on the ground enjoying dirty but happy 从句中的 happy 可以 猜出孩子们是开心的 所以应用 enj0y oneself 短语 故其答案为 themselves 例 8 His bosswas angry astofire him 如果 跳过 横线后面的 angry 就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语 SO as to 所以 so 是正解 技巧八 从句引导词 从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向 主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度 例 9 He did not done his father had asked him to do 审题可知 横线所在为宾语从句的引导词 此引导词在从旬中充当宾语 且指物 所以是 what 例 10 Those want to go to the village must sign here 经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词 进一步观察可知先行词为 those 且指人 所 以只能填入 who 技巧九 短语动词结构 短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语 此类短语中往 往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些 例 11 The us consists fifty states 根据常识可知 美国由 50 个州组成 故横线处与前一词组合 表示 由 组成 所以答案是 of 例 12 Mrs Baker was ill so her daughter had to ask for leave to take of her 生病需要人照顾 所以答案是 care 与前后词构成 take care of 技巧十 短语介词结构 短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语 如 except for due to 等 例 13 Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon of taking a train 此题中说到两种交通工具 所以可以理解此句有 坐 而不是坐 的意思 故答案为 instead 以构成介词短语 instead of 例 14 Justthen he saw a blackboard in ofhim 细心观察 可以看出填人 fr0nt 即可构成 in front of 此题得解 技巧十一 连词 关联短语结构 常用的连词有 and or but so for while 等 常用的关联 短语有 both and either or neither nor not only but also 等 例 15 Little Wang Jun could not go to school his family was too poor 此处表示原因 引导的分句其实是一种解释说明 不是必然的因果关系 且前面有逗号隔开 所以填 for 例 16 Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre 横线处的词与后面可以构成 both and 故答案为 Both 技巧十二 冠词 介词和常用的副词 冠词只能是在 a an the 之间判断 常用的介词有 in at on before during 等 通常考查固定搭配 副词的量还是比较多 如 however never yet much 等 但一般不会考查 1y 形式的方式副词 见技巧六 形容词派生副词的 情况 例 17 Jackie likes to drive at high speed 这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法 答案为 a 构成 at a high speed 以高速 开车 例 18 Old Tom s grand daughter used to visit him Saturday afternoon Saturday afternoon 是指定的某天下午 所以不用介词 in 而用 on 才是正解 例 19 Though Liu Qiang did the same work Zhang Wen did hegotalowerpay Zhang Wen 第一条横线可由前面的 the same 断出用 as 第二条横线则可由 lower 断出比较意义 故答案为 than 例 20 It was only one day left his father had no idea to answer him 观察上下旬 可以看出是转折关系 且横线与前后用逗号隔开 排除 but 所以答案是 however 技巧十三 上下文中出现的相关词 这一招是最为灵活的 但也是最难的 学生可以根据上下 文关系和自己积累的知识 填入某个已出现的词 或其反义词 或其同类的某个词 答案的线索可能在 本句 可能出现在上下相连的一句 还可能出现在比较远的地方 上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句 子 如果该横线出现在某段的首句 则线索可能在上下段的首句 如果横线出现在某段的末句 则线索 可能在上下段的末句 以此类推 例 21 Tony travelling abroad but dislikes staying home watching TV 由第二句话中的 dislikes 可以判断 此横线处应该是填其反义词 likes 语法填空作为一种新颖的题型 能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力 上述十三条技巧概括了此题型 的多数考查方向 在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用 真正做到事半功倍 较大地提高学生在此 题型上的得分率 附 2017 年高考语法填空专题训练 13 则 1 Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help In the centre of the main road into the town he placed 33 very large stone Then he 34 hide behind a tree and waited Soon an old man came along with his cow Who put this stone in the centre of the road said the old man but he did not try to remove the stone Instead with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way 35 man came along and did the same thing then another came and another All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 Late in the afternoon a young man came along He saw the stone 37 say to himself The night 38 be very dark Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone Then he began to move the stone He pushed and pulled with all his 39 strong to move it How great was his surprise at last 40 the stone he found a bag of money Keys 31 who 32 But 33 a 34 hid 35 Another 36 it 37 saying 38 will be 39 strength 40 Under 2 The Internet is an amazing information resource Students teachers and researchers use it as 31 investigative tool Journalists use it to find information for stories Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32 late medical development Ordinary people use it for shopping banking bill paying and communicating with family and friends People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from 33 countries and cultures However 34 there are many positive developments 35 associate with the Internet there are also certain fears and concerns 36 concern relates to a lack of control over 37 appears on the Internet With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs and with television there are 38 restrict on what kinds of programs can 39 broadcast and at what times of the day With the Internet parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable 40 their children to see Keys 31 an 32 latest 33 other different 34 while 35 associated 36 One 37 what 38 restrictions 39 be broadcast ed 40 for 3 Crying marriage 31 surprise isn t it Factually the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China s Sichuan Province and 32 remain in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty Though not so popular as before the custom is still observed by people in many places especially Tujia people who view it as a 34 necessary to marriage procedure It is very much 35 same in different places of the province According to elderly people every bride had to cry at the wedding 36 the bride s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village In fact there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony In a word crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words However in the 40 arrange marriages of the old days of China there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life Keys 31 Surprising 32 remained 33 until till 34 necessity 35 the 36 Otherwise 37 her 38 in 39 way means 40 arranged 4 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly four things are neccessary Firstly we must understand the language when we hear 31 spoken Secondly we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation 32 we must be able to read the language and fourthly we must be able to write it We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct There is no easy way to success 33 language learning 34 good memory is of great help but it is not enough only 35 memorize rules from a grammar book It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and 36 meaning studying the dictionary and so on We must learn by using the language 37 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized we are not really learning the languang Learn through use is a good piece of 38 advise for those 39 are studying a new language Practice is important We must practise speaking and 40 write the language whenever we can Keys 31 it 32 Thirdly 33 in 34 A 35 to memorize 36 their 37 If 38 advice 39 who 40 writing 5 At one point along an open highway I came to a crossroads with a traffic light I was alone on the road by now but 31 I drove up to the light it turned red and I braked to a halt I look left right and behind me Nothing 32 a car no suggestion of headlights but there I sat 33 wait the light to change the only human being for at least a mile in any direction I started wondering 34 I refused to run the light I was not afraid of 35 catch by the police because there was obviously no cop anywhere around and 36 certainly would have been no danger in going 37 it Much later that night the 38 question of why I d stopped for that light came 39 to me I think I stopped because it s part of a contract 合同 we all have with each other It s not only the law but it s an agreement we have and we trust each other to honor 40 we don t go through red lights Like most of us I m more ready to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it than by any law against it Keys 31 as when 32 Not 33 waiting 34 why 35 being caught 36 there 37 through 38 same 39 back 40 it 6 Nowadays millions 31 lonely singles are now going online instead 32 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world s most popular matchmaker 媒人 Singles are flocking 涌向 to the Internet 33 main because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other Using dating sites 约会网址 is quick and convenient Many singles say the regular dating scene 34 just lead them from one bad experience to 35 and are ready to try something else Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone 37 you are not interested in In the real world 38 ignoring someone you don t like can be difficult Despite all the advantages online dating also presents its own set of problems People aren t always those who they declare to be in their online 39 describe Safety is another concern You are just 40 like to find a criminal online as you are Mr Or Miss Right Keys 31 of 32 The 33 mainly 34 has just led 35 another 36 it 37 who whom 38 however 39 description 40 likely 7 Polar bears are suffering in a 31 warm world than ever before Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals 32 much of the year they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice Nature has prepared 33 for the cold conditions But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 34 threat the only home they know The polar bears world is melting Studies show that the polar ice has reduced by 9 8 every 10 years 35 1978 Now about 20 000 to 25 000 polar bears live in the Arctic Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 survive The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over says Andrew Derocher 37 scientist who studies North American polar bear populations 38 it they can t exist Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural 39 in a warmer world these cycles speed up and bears have less time to hunt Normally they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight The extra fat is used later 40 the bears are not actively hunting Keys 31 warmer 32 For During 33 them 34 threatens 35 since 36 survival 37 a 38 Without 39 But 40 when 8 31 is possible that we simply do not stay in one place for a true friendship to develop However there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us 32 think carefully about the kind of friendships we want To most of us friendships are considered 33 importance but need to have clear in our own minds 34 kinds of friendships we want Are they to be close or 35 keep at arm s length Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface For some people many friendships on the surface are quite enough and that s all right But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 36 friend expectations If one wants more from the friendship than the other 37 if this is not talked about one is likely at last to fell that he s holding the short end of the stick The sharing of personal experience 38 include our tears as well as our dark dreams 39 be the surest way to deepen friendships But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there signs of interest and action 40 return Keys 31 It 32 to think 33 important 34 the 35 kept 36 friends 37 and 38 including 39 is 40 in 9 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student 31 a long reading assignment is given instructors expect students to be familiar with 32 inform in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning not the one interested only in getting high grades Sometimes homework is returned 33 brief written comments but without a grade Even if a grade is not given the student is 34 responsibility for learning the material assigned When research 35 assign the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance It is the student s responsibility to find books magazines and articles in the library Professors do not have the time to explain 36 a university library works they expect students 37 special graduate students to be able to exhaust the reference origins in the library Professors will help students who need it but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them In the United States professors have many other duties 38 teaching such as administrative or research work Therefore the time 39 a professor can spend with a student outside of class 40 limit If a student has problems with classroom work the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment Keys 31 If When 32 information 33 with 34 responsible 35 is assigned 36 how 37 particularly especially 38 besides 39 which that 40 is limited 10 This is a true story which happened in the States A man came out of his home to admire his new truck To his 31 puzzle his three year old son was 32 happy hammering dents 凹痕 into the shiny paint of the truck The man ran to his son knocked him away hammered the little boy s hands into pulp 果浆汁 as 33 punish When the father calmed down he rushed his son to the hospital 34 the doctor tried desperately to save the crushed bones he finally had to cut the fingers from both the boy s hands When the boy 35 wake up from the operation and saw his bandaged stubs he innocently said Daddy I m sorry about your truck Then he asked 36 when are my fingers going to grow back The father went home and committed suicide Think about this story 37 next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge Think first 38 you lose your patience with someone you love Trucks can 39 repair Broken bones and hurt feelings often can t Too often we fail to recognize the difference between the person and the performance We forget that forgiveness is 40 great than revenge People make mistakes We are allowed to make mistakes But the actions we take while in a rage will impress us forever Keys 31 puzzlement 32 happily 33 punishment 34 Although Though 35 woke 36 but 37 the 38 before 39 be repaired 40 greater 11 As I think back I realize how hard it is to view the world 31 the eyes of my childhood 32 child s mind is still filled with the idea that anything and everything is possible They haven t begun building the mental walls yet Watch a child 33 learn to walk and it s amazing No matter how many times they fall down they hop back up 34 they instinctively know that eventually they ll be able to walk They don t have to worry what 35 think They have no need to put up a front 讲面子 They are who they are But somewhere along the line they learn to be 36 practice Their creativity is blocked over time as the world 37 teach them to fit in Eventually they don t bounce back as fast 38 they fail Learning is now something you have to do that is very boring and unpleasant You and I 39 tear down those walls that are closing in and start fresh It s time to bring back that sense of joy and wonder When you re setting your goals for the New Year think like a child Set your goals as if 40 is possible Keys 31 through 32 a 33 learning 34 because 35 others 36 practical 37 teaches 38 when if 39 can 40 anything 12 In many countries 31 is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space 32 in the United States this idea