湖南省株洲市第四中学高一英语《英语句式类型》教案 牛津版

用心 爱心 专心 1 英语句式类型英语句式类型 一 分类 1 按照句式结构分为三种 简单句 并列句 复合句 2 按照句子功能分为四类 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 第一节第一节简单句简单句 一 定义 一 定义 简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子 且句子的 各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的 二 分类 二 分类 类型类型 1 1 S S V V 该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词 后面不可接宾语 但可接状语或其他成 分 例 Nobody went out The children are playing We study hard 类型类型 2 2 S S V V O O 该句型中的谓语为及物动词 后面必须接宾语 且只能接一个宾语 例 We love our country The old woman looks after the baby carefully He dreamed a terrible dream last night 类型类型 3 3 S S V V O O 人人 O O 物物 该句型中的动词为双宾语动词 后面必须接两个宾语 该类动词主要有 give show send pass lend return promise owe make buy do fetch paint save spare find 等 例 He gave his sister the piano He gave the piano to his sister He bought his wife a coat He bought a coat for his wife 类型类型 4 4 S S V V O O C C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语 且还要用一个补足语来补 充说明宾语的状态 例 I found the book easy The teacher told us to study hard We heard him singing 类型类型 5 5 S S L L P P该句型中的 L 为系动词 后常接表语 注意 1 该句型无被动 2 无进行 3 作非谓语时常用 V ing 形式 例 The flower is beautiful He is a teacher 系动词分类 系动词分类 1 1 变化系动词 变化系动词 turn become grow fall get go come run 等 例 She becomes a lawyer She turns lawyer 2 2 状态系动词 状态系动词 be seem remain stay stand keep 等 例 He always kept silent at meeting 3 3 感官系动词 感官系动词 feel smell sound taste look appear 等 例 The milk tastes sour The cloth feels soft 4 4 终止性系动词 终止性系动词 prove turn out 等 用心 爱心 专心 2 例 His plan turned out a success 第二节第二节句子成分句子成分 在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分 叫做句子成分 句子成分有 9 种 主语 谓语动词 表语 宾语 定语 补语 状语 同位语 插入语 1 1 主语 主语 subjectsubject 表示句子描述的是 谁 或 什么 通常是谓语动词的动作执行者 通常有名词 代词 数词 动词不定式 动名词 从句等充当 TheThe studentsstudents worked very hard TheyThey are from America 80 80 of the students in our class are girls ToTo learnlearn EnglishEnglish is very difficult for us It is difficult for us to learn English SwimmingSwimming inin thethe lakelake is dangerous WhatWhat hehe saidsaid is true 2 2 谓语动词 谓语动词 什么主语的动作或具有的状态与特征 构成形式如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 She practicespractices speaking English every day The woman takestakes goodgood carecare ofof the baby I havehave gotgot ridrid ofof smoking 2 复合谓语形式 1 由情态动词或助动词 动词构成 You maymay gogo now He hashas caughtcaught a bad cold We areare goinggoing toto visitvisit the old town tomorrow 3 复合谓语形式 2 由系动词 表语构成 We areare studentsstudents She becomesbecomes famous famous The little girl isis afraidafraid ofof the snake 4 复合谓语形式 3 情态动词 系动词 表语 It willwill bebe wasted He mustmust bebe wrong We willwill bebe free tomorrow 5 复合谓语形式 4 被动句的谓语动词 Mary waswas seenseen to swim across the river They werewere expectedexpected to finish the work as soon as possible 3 3 表语 表语 用来说明主语的身份 特征和状态的成分 一般在系动词之后 表语可由下列结构充当 名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短 语及表语从句 The young man has turned thief All of these are yours The flower is beautiful The film is moving We are moved by the film Her job is to look after the baby My job is teaching English 用心 爱心 专心 3 Tom was out then The fact is that he passed the exam successfully 4 4 宾语 宾语 表示动作承受的对象 可由下列结构充当 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 宾语从句等 He bought a new car The heavy snow prevented her from going to school She enjoys listening to music I don t know how to get there I think that he is old enough to join the army 5 5 宾补 宾补 英语中有少数及物动词后除了接一个宾语外 还必须有一个宾语补足语对宾语进 行补充说明 这样才能使句子的意义完整 这类动词被称为 复合及物动词 常见的动词 有 make consider find get have let 等 The boss made us work 14 hours every day We found the dog lying on the ground We painted our house white We found him killed the next morning 6 6 定语 定语 用来修饰限定名词或代词的词 短语或从句 通常由下列结构充当 形容词 分 词 名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语等 She is a beautiful girl My book is old More than 30 students in our class are from abroad He is the first to come and the last to leave The teaching building is under construction The girl in white is my sister 7 7 状语 状语 用来修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 通 常由副词 介词短语 不定式 分词 名词 形容词或状语从句等充当 She used to sit for hours quietly He ha s lived in the countryside for 20 years The tree is too tall for the boy to climb up Encouraged by the teacher she made up her mind to learn English well Wherever you go whatever you do I will wait for you 8 8 同位语 同位语 appositive 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释 通常由名词 数词 代词 或从句来充当 This is Mr Zhou our headmaster The question who should do the work is still in discussion 9 9 插入语 插入语 parenthesis 对一句话作一些附加的解释 通常由形容词 副词 介词短语 动词不定式 现在分词或从句来充当 To be frank I don t quite agree with you 第三节第三节并列句并列句 一 概念一 概念 有两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起 构成的句子叫做并列句 例 He made a promise but he didn t keep it 1 并列句中两个简单句相互之间没有结构的所属关系 只是在语意上存在一定的 联系 2 并列连词的确定取决于分句之间的语意关系 用心 爱心 专心 4 二 类型二 类型 1 顺承并列句 2 转折并列句 3 选择并列句 4 因果并列句 5 条件或 结果并列句 1 1 顺承并列句 顺承并列句 表示两个同等的概念 常由 and not only but also 等连接 例 They talked happily and they forgot to cook supper Not only did the students sing but also the teacher sings 2 2 转折并列句 转折并列句 表示两个分句在语意上转折 常由 but while yet nevertheless 等连 接 例 He worked hard yet he failed Some problems are easy while others are difficult 3 3 选择并列句 选择并列句 常由 or either or otherwise 等连接 例 Either you leave this house or I will call the police I must work much harder otherwise I can t catch up with the other classmates 4 4 因果并列句 因果并列句 常由 for so therefore 等连接 例 It was late so we went home It s going to rain for the sky is dark It rained therefore the football match was put off 5 5 条件或结果并列句 条件或结果并列句 例 Hurry up or we ll miss the train Work hard and you ll succeed in time 第四节第四节复合句复合句 一 概念一 概念 用一个句子作另一个句子的某个成分 主 表 宾 同 定 状 两个句子有 所属关系 含有这种结构的句子被称为复合句 例 When we shall hold a meeting is still a question The question is when we shall hold a meeting We are discussing when we shall hold a meeting The question when we shall hold a meeting is not decided The question we are discussing is when we shall hold a meeting The question will be discussed when we shall hold a meeting 1 所有的从句必须有相应的从句引导词 有些从句引导词可以省略 2 所有的从句语序要顺承 不能倒装 二 分类 二 分类 1 1 定语从句 定语从句 2 2 名词性从句 名词性从句 3 3 状语从句 状语从句 1 定语从句 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 例 Th