高中定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案[1]_-_副本

高中定语从句全面讲解高中定语从句全面讲解 By Roger 一一 定义及相关术语定义及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 when where why 1 I have an apple An apple is red I have an apple that which is red 先行词 关系代词 2 I like some friends Some friends like s ports I like friends who like sports 先行词 关系代词 3 I like music The music is quiet I like music that which is quiet 先行词 关系代词 关系词通常有下列三个作用 A 引导定语从句 连接主从句 B 代替先行词 C 在定语 从句中担当一个成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中做宾语 常可省略 The professor whom you are waiting for has come 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替 也可省略 The man whom who you met just now is my old friend 3 Which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时常可省略 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all 4 That 即可指人 也可指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 The number of people that who come to visit this city each year reaches one million 5 Whose 即可指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in 注意 指物时 常用下列结构来代替 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired Do you like the book whose cover is yellow Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow 三 限制性定语从句中只能用 三 限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况 1 当先行词是 everything anything nothing something 除外 all none few little some 等不定 代词时 或当先行词受 every any all some no little few much 等不定代词修饰时 如 There is little that I can do for you 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可用关系代词 who 如 All the guests that who were invited to her wedding were important people 2 当先行词被序数词修饰时 如 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 如 This is the best film that I have ever seen 4 当先行词被 the very the only 修饰时 如 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可用关系代词 who 如 Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting 5 当先行词前面有 who which 等疑问代词时 如 Who is the man that is standing by the gate 6 当先行词为人与物时 如 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 当先行词是表时间的名词 比如 time day week month year 等 且定语从句中缺时间状语时用 when 若先行词是表时间的名词 定语 从句中缺主语或宾语时 用 that which 引导 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together I will never forget the days that which we spent together 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 若先行词是表地点的名词 比如 park city farm place 等 且定语从句中缺地点状语时用 where 若先行词是表地点的名词 定语从句中 缺主语或宾语时 用 that which 引导 I know a place where we can have a picnic I know a place which that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 若先行词是 reason 且定语从句中缺原因状语 时 用 why 引导 若先行词是 reason 定语从句中缺主语或宾语 用 which that 引导 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today I didn t believe the reason that which he explained to me 注意 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 如 Great changes are taking place in the city where in which they live The reason why for which he refused the invitation is quite clear 注意事项注意事项 如何判断关系代词和关系副词如何判断关系代词和关系副词 方法一 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 不及物动词后面无宾语 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 不及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词 而及物动词后接宾语 则要求用关系代词 就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词 而及物动词后接宾语 则要求用关系代词 例如 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year I ll never forget the days when I worked together with you 判断改错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside This is the mountain village which I visited last year I ll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系 代词 关系副词 例 1 Is this museum you visited a few days ago A where B that C on which D the one 例 2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 答案 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 五 五 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 which whom 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I ll bring here the magazine which that you asked for Tomorrow I ll bring here the magazine for which you asked This is the boy whom who that I played tennis with yesterday This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions 注意 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of 等 This is the watch which that I am looking for 正 This is the watch for which I am looking 误 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只可用 whom 不可用 who that 关系代 词指物时只可用 which 不可用 that The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour 正 The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbour 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable 正 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable 误 介词 关系代词 前还可有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等 代词或者数词 如 He loves his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him 非定语从句 In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad In the basket there are quite many apples and some of have gone bad Up to now he has written ten stories three of which are about country life Up to now he has written ten stories and three of are about country life 六 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 六 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on China is a country which has a long history His mother who loves him very much is strict with him China which was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful Last summer I visited the People s Great Hall in which many important meetings are held every year 七 关系代词 七 关系代词 as 和和 which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时 其用法有相同之处 也有不同之处 具体情况是 1 as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语 代表前面整个句子 如 He married her as which was natural 他跟她结婚了 这是很自然的事 He is honest as which we can see 他很诚实 这一点我们看得出来 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前 主句之后 甚至还可以分割主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后 另外 as 常常有 正如 正像 的含义 如 As is known to all China is a developing country He is from the south as we can know from his accent John as you know is a famous writer Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往只用当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时 关系词往往只用 which 如 Tom was late for school again and again which made his teacher very angry These tables are made of metal which made them very heavy 1 当先行词受 such so the same 修饰时 关系词常用 as 如 I ve never heard such stories as he tells He is not such a fool as he looks This is the same dictionary as I lost last week 注意 当先行词受 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但与 as 引导的定语从 句意思有区别 如 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore 八八 以以 the way 为先行词时 若定语从句中缺方式状语 定语从句通常由为先行词时 若定语从句中缺方式状语 定语从句通常由 in which 或或 that 引导 而且还可以省略 若定语从句中缺主语或宾语 用 引导 而且还可以省略 若定语从句中缺主语或宾语 用 that which 引导定语从句 引导定语从句 The way that in which he answered the questions was surprising I don t like the way that in which you laugh at her I don t like the way that which he told me 做定语从句题一般分三步 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主 语 宾语或状语 第三选择合适的关联词 单元测试 单元测试 120 分 分 1 This is the best factory we visited last year A where B which C in which D that 2 Is this the factory computers are built A that B which C in which D in that 3 Please pass me the dictionary cover is red A whose B its C which D which of 4 The man has arrived A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 5 Do you know the comrade we are talking A to whom B to who C whom D to that 6 They visited the house the great writer was born A from where B in which C which D in where 7 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is my teacher A whom B which C who D whose 8 He asked us to watch carefully everything he did in class A who B that C what D where 9 I ll visit the professor tomorrow he will be back from Shanghai A who B that C when D which 10 The school I study is a new one A on which B at where C on that D at which 11 China has many islands the largest is Taiwan A in which B at which C which D of which 12 The city my mother grew up is not far from here A what B where C that D which 13 Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north A which B his C that D whose 14 Do you know the man your father nodded A whom B to whom C to who D about whom 15 Wrestling is a sport in people easily get hurt A that B when C which D what 16 I told you I know A all that B all which C all what D all whom 17 China has a lot of famous writers one is Lu Xun A of which B of whom C of who D of them 18 Is this factory we visited last year A in which B around that C whom D the one 19 Who is the man was there A who B which C that D whom 20 Is there anything I can do for you sir A that B which C whose D who 21 I still remember the day she first wore that green dress A which B in which C on that D on which 22 The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp A with which B with it C with that D which 23 The games the young men competed in were difficult A in which B which C it D who 24 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 25 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 26 His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor A of whom B whom C of whose D whose 27 She heard a terrible noise brought her heart into her mouth A it B which C this D that 28 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help A that B who C from whom D to whom 29 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 30 After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 31 Carol said the work would be done by October personally I doubt very much A it B that C when D which 32 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the others unhappy A who B which C this D what 33 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which price B its price C the price of which D the price of whose 34 has already been pointed out grammar is not a set of dead rules A As B It C That D Which 35 He lived in London for 3 months during time he learned some English A this B which C that D same 36 On the wall hung a picture color is blue A whose B of which C which D its 37 Whenever I met him was fairly often I like his sweet and hopeful smile A what B which C that D when 38 The visitor asked the guide to take his picture stands the famous tower A that B where C which D there 39 The boss department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women A in which B in that C in whose D whose 40 I don t like you speak to her A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which 41 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through A It s the reason B That s why C There s why D It s how 42 He made another wonderful discovery of great importance to science A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which is 43 Alice has a large collection of phone was taken in London A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 44 With the fast development of agriculture the people village I taught before lived a happy life A who B whose C in whose D in which 45 There is a moutain the top is always covered with snow A whose B of which C it s D that 46 She may have missed her train in case she won t arrive for another hour A what B that C which D this 47 I have three children and two of are doctors A whose B them C which D whom 48 I have three children two of are doctors A whose B them C which D whom 49 There two thousand students in our school are girls A two thirds in which B two thirds in them C two thirds of them D of whom two thirds 50 I have bought two pens writes well A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which 51 There are three bedrooms in the house is Mary s A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 52 The Greens will move into the new house next Monday it will be completely finished A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 53 These houses are sold at such a low price people expected A like B as C that D which 54 I ve never heard so interesting a story you told me A as B that C of which D about which 55 I ve seen