牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar课件(张ppt).ppt

Unit1Knowyourself GrammarA Usingand but or so and or but so 1 or否则相当于一个否定条件句 Hurryup oryou llbelate 快点 否则你就要迟到了 Ifyoudon thurryup you llbelate 2 and这样的话 就会 相当于一个肯定条件句Studyhard andyoucangetgoodgrades 努力学习 你就会取得高分 Ifyoustudyhard youcangetgoodgrades 3 but但是 可是 而前后分句是转折关系MrMottisverypoor buthefeelshappy Mott先生很穷 但他感到快乐 4 so于是 因此并列具有因果关系的两个分句 WewantedtolearntheEnglishsongs soweaskedtheteachertoteachus 我们想学英文歌 于是请老师教我们 Theskyisblue Everythingisbeautiful Theskyisblueandeverythingisbeautiful TheGoldenGateBridgeisinteresting TheGoldenGateBridgeiswonderful TheGoldenGateBridgeisinterestingandwonderful and and Thepyramidsaresmallbutlookjustliketherealones Thepyramidsaresmall Thepyramidslookjustliketherealones Thepyramidsaresmall Wearelookingforwardtovisitingit Thepyramidsaresmallbutwearelookingforwardtovisitingit but but IwillvisitParisbymyself MymotherwillshowmearoundParis IwillvisitParisbymyselformymotherwillshowmearoundParis IwillgotoFrancebyplane IwillgotoFrancebytrain IwillgotoFrancebyplaneorbytrain or or Takingtheplaneisveryfast Wecangotherebyplane Takingtheplaneisveryfastsowecangotherebyplane 1 Iamactiveandenergetic Iloveworkingwithpeople 2 Hedoesn tliketotalkmuch Hisworkshouts 用 and but or so 连接句子 Iamactiveandenergetic andIloveworkingwithpeople Hedoesn tliketotalkmuch butheisworkshouts Weuse and tojoinideasthataresimilar Weuse but tojoinideasthataredifferent 3 Icanbeagoodteacher Icanbeagooddoctor Icanbeagoodteacher agooddoctor 4 Hedoesnotlikesinging Hedoesnotlikedancing Hedoesnotlikesinging dancing 用 and but or so 填空 or or Weuse or tointroduceanotherpossibility Innegetivesentences 在否定句中 weuse or tojointwoormoreideas Iwanttosharethebestartwithpeople Iamalwayssearchingforsomethingbetterordifferent Iwanttosharethebestartwithpeople Iamalwayssearchingforsomethingbetterordifferent 用 and but or so 填空 so Weuse so toexpresstheresultofsth 因此 Weuse and tojoinideasthataresimilar Weuse but tojoinideasthataredifferent Weuse or tointroduceanotherpossibility Innegetivesentences weuse or tojointwoormoreideas Weuse so toexpresstheresultofsth Summary 一 用and but or或so填空Wewenttherebybus wegotthereontime 2 Wouldyoulikesomeapples bananas 3 Iwanttogotraveling Ihaven tgotenoughmoney 4 Youcanfindsomenews interestingstoriesontheInternet 5 Heisonlyachild heknowsalot and or but and but 5 Whichisbetter Class1 Class2 6 Sheistoofat shehastodomoreexercise 7 Peter JamesisgoingtogiveusatalkaboutEnglishtomorrow 8 Ihelphim hehelpsme 9 Tomwashungry hismothermadehimasandwitch or so or and so 二 用and but or改写句子1 Itissunny Ourcitylooksmorebeautiful 2 Heinvitedmetothemeeting IamverybusysoIcan tgo Itissunny andourcitylooksmorebeautiful Heinvitedmetothemeeting butIamverybusysoIcan tgo 3 OnSundayyoucangohorseriding Youcanlistentopopmusicathome 4 Thelittleboyisveryyoung Heknowsmorethingsthantheotherchildren OnSundayyoucangohorseridingorlistentopopmusicathome Thelittleboyisveryyoung butheknowsmorethingsthantheotherchildern P121 Kittyiskind butsometimessheisimpatient 2 Billywouldnotacceptothers adviceorthinktwice 3 Judyisgentle so andshenevergetsangrywithothers 4 Suzyworriestoomuch soshecannotsleepwellsometimes 1 Marylikesmusic Tomisfoundofsports A andB butC bothAandB2 Ifailedagain Iwon tgiveup A andB butC so3 Thisismyfirstlesson Idon tknowyournames A andB butC so and 表对等 和 并且 but 表转折 但是 so 表因果 所以 and or but so基本用法 4 Whichdoyoulikebetter apples pears A andB butC or5 Nowwehavenotime money A soB andC or or 1 用于疑问句 表选择2 用于否定句 表并列 6 Tryyourbest you llmakemoreprogress A andB butC or7 Don tloseheart you llloseall A andB soC or and和or都可以在祈使句中使用 and通常是比较好的结果 or则表示不愉快或不理想的结果 and or but so基本用法 8 It sgettingwarmer warmer A andB butC or9 Heorthetwins theUSA A comesfromB comefromC isfrom10 NotTombutI goingtogivethetalk A amB isC are adj 比 and adj 比表示越来越 AorB和notAbutB结构作主语时 谓语动词要使用就近原则 and or but so特殊用法 11 AlthoughIhavepassedtheexam Iamnotpleasedwiththeresult A andB butC and or but so特殊用法 although和but不能同时出现 12 BothPeterandI goingtoGuangzhou A areB isC am13 Eitherapplesorrice Ok Iamhungry A areB isC 14 NeitherInormyparents totellyouthetruth A wantsB wantC isgoingto15 NotonlyIbutalsoJane surethatwe llwin A isB areC am 以上结构做主语 除both and 谓语要用复数外 其余都使用就近原则 so be动词 情态动词 助动词 主语 小小诊所 so前面的句子都是肯定句 若前面的句子是否定句 那就不能用so引导这个句子了 而应该用 Neither Nor be动词 情态动词 助动词 主语 某人也不 HeisaChinese SoamI Tomcandance SocanMary MotherwillgotoBeijing SowillI IhavebeentoAmerica SohasLiLei ShelikesEnglish Sodothey Lilyplayedbasketyesterday SodidLucy 某人也是 表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者 在时态上应和前一句保持一致 但两句的主语应是不同的两人 例如 Neither Nor be动词 情态动词 助动词 主语 某人也不 表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者 前后两句的主语是不同的 Heisn taChinese NeitheramI Tomcan tdance NeithercanMary Motherwon tgotoBeijing NeitherwillI Ihaven tbeentoAmerica NeitherhasLiLei Shedoesn tlikeEnglish Neitherdothey Lilydidn tplaybasketballyesterday NeitherdidLucy Idon tlikeplayingwiththatgirl Neitherdoeshe so 主语 be动词 情态动词 助动词 的确如此 两句中的主语是同一人 It sabaddaytoday Soitis JohnstudiesEnglishwell Sohedoes 1 Iusedtogooutforawalkaftersupper A SodoIB SodidIC NeitherdidID SoIdid 2 Shehasanicewatch A SohassheB SoshehasC SodoessheD Soshedoes 3 Marywasn tinvitedyesterday A SowasIB NeitherwasIC SodidID NeitherdidI 4 Annhasmadegreatprogressrecently and A Sohasshe sohaveyouB Sohasshe soyouhaveC Soshehas soyouhaveD Soshehas sohaveyou B D B D Unit1Knowyourself GrammarB both Both可作形容词 代词或副词用 意思是 两个 双方 两个都 在句中可作主语 宾语或同位语 如 Bothareright 主语 Ilikeboth 宾语 Bothpencilsaremine 同位语 三者呢 both 一 Both和bothof后都可接复数名词 构成名词词组 Both后的名词前可有定冠词 指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定 也可没有 bothof后的名词前却一定要有定冠词 指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定 both thethese her children bothofthe these her children bothofchildren Bothof后可接人称代词宾格 both后则不可 但人称代词宾格后可接both bothofus you them bothus you them us you them both 二 Both与动词连用时 大多数放在系动词be之后 其它动词之前 Hisparentsworkers Theyreading 若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时 both大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后 Thebridgesbebuiltthisyear kateandMarygonetoEngland areboth bothenjoy mustboth haveboth 三 Both可与and构成并列连词 连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构 BothheandhisbrotheraregoodatEnglish 连接两个主语 Shecanbothdanceandsing 连接两个谓语动词 连接两个表语 Maryisbothkindandbeautiful 她能歌善舞 玛丽既友善又漂亮 both 名词复数 ofthens 代词 and 作主语看作复数 1 二个女孩都来自英国 2 科学和数学二门都很难 England England Bothgirls are comefrom Bothofthegirls are come from science maths hard Both and are 3 Icanspeak Chinese English bothand 四 含both的句子变为否定时 是将both改为neither Bothoftheboysareclever Bothoftheboysarenotclever Neitheroftheboysareclever 两个男孩都聪明 两个男孩都不聪明 并不是两个男孩都聪明 一个聪明一个愚笨 不完全否定 含both and 的句子变为否定句时 将both and 改为neither nor 连接的两个部分若是名词 可以是单数 也可以是复数 Iknowboththemanandthewoman Bothbeatsandbirdswouldhavethebatastheirfriend Iknowneitherthemannorthewoman Neitherbeatsnorbirdswouldhavethebatastheirfriend notonly but also 不但 而且 1 notonly but also 在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分 also可以省略 如 HeislearningnotonlyEnglishbut also French 连接两个宾语 他不但在学英语 而且还在学法语 ShespeaksRussiannotonlyinclassbut also athome 她在课堂上和家里都说俄语 连接两个地点状语 2 notonly but also 用来连接两个主语时 谓语动词的单 复数遵循 就近原则 即和but also 后的名词或代词的数一致 如 NotonlyZhouXiabutalsoherparentsarefondofwatchingfootballmatches 不但周霞 而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛 Notonlyyoubutalsoheistiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother 不但你 而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试 3 notonly but also 连接两个分句 当notonly位于句首 前一个分句常用部分倒装来表示强调 而but also 后的分句仍用陈述语序 如 Notonlyistheteacherhimselfinterestedinforeignfilms butalsoallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinthem 不但老师自己对外国电影感兴趣 就连他所有的学生也开始对外国电影感兴趣了 NotonlydoesMissLilikemusic but also shelikessports 李小姐不但喜欢音乐 而且还喜欢体育 4 notonly butalso中的notonly不能分开使用 但butalso却可以分开使用 例如 Theareawasnotonlyhitbyanunexpectedheavyrain butsomebridgeswerealsowashedaway 5 notonly butalso连接两个并列成分时 可以省略but或also 也可以把butalso都省略掉 例如 Inotonlyhearditbut also sawit Hewasnotonlycompelled 被迫 tostayathome but alsoforbidden 禁止 toseehisfriend Shenotonlyfinishedthetaskaheadoftime butalso shecametohelpus 注意 使用中注意两点 1 就近 指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语 NotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherreadsEnglisheveryday 2 一致 notonly与butalso后面所接的词类要一致 Shecannotonlysingbutalsodance 用法小结 1 notonly butalso应连接两个相对称的并列成分 例如 NotonlyMrLinbutalsohissonjoinedthePartytwoyearsago 连接两个主语 Inotonlyplaytennisbutalsopractiseshooting 连接两个谓语动词 Heplaysnotonlythepianobutalsotheviolin 连接两个宾语 TheyspeakEnglishnotonlyinclassbutalsointhedormitory 连接两个地点状语 Either or Neither nor either 指两者中的任意一个 either or 意为 或者 或者 不是 就是 之意 表示两者之一 连接句子中两个并列的成分 neither 指两者中没有一个 全否定 neither nor 表示 既不 也不 其含义是否定的 可连接任意两个并列的成份 Bent HiSam whatdoyouthink Wecangotothetombtoday Wecanalsogotheretomorrow Sam Let sgotomorrow Thestudentsarealltootiredtoday Onecomplainedthattheroomwasnotcleanandnotcomfortable Wecangotothetombeithertodayortomorrow Onecomplainedthattheroomwasneitherneithercleannorverycomfortable Ben Well Ithinktheroomsareverycleanandcomfortable andIsleptverywellinmine DidyounoticethatMarcoandPeterdidnotcometothetalk Sam Isupposetheyweretired butthat snotaverygoodexcuse Well aftervisitingtheruinstomorrow wecanthenrelax WecangototheDragonRestaurant ThePhoenixRestaurantisalsoverygood DidyounoticethatneitherMarconorPetercometothetalk WecaneithergototheDragonRestaurantorthePhoenixRestaurant Either or EitheryouorIcangotheretomorrow subjectIeitherstayathomeorgoshopping verbWecouldchoosetoeateithernoodlesorrice objectTheyaregoingthereeitherbytrainorbyair adverbial Neither nor NeitheryounorIcangotheretomorrow subjectIneitherstayathomenorgoshopping verbWecouldchoosetoeatneithernoodlesnorrice objectTheyaregoingthereneitherbytrainnorbyair adverbial Trytocorrectthefollowingmistakesifany Whenthegirlishappy sheeithersingsordances Eithermyuncleormyparentsisgoingtheretomorrow Neithertheynorsheisgoodatdrawing Hedoesnotdoit eitherdoeshetry Eitherofthefilmsisgood Thereweretreesandflowersoneithersideofthestreet are neither Ifyoudon tgototheparty Idon ttoo AreeitheryouorIgoingtheretomorrow Bothdadandmumisathometoday Neitherofhiscatshasbeenfed BothheandIareright either are Either用于句末 表示否定的 也 类似tooEither nounEitherof nounEither or 就近原则 Neither用于句首 表示否定的 也 倒装 nor Neither nounNeitherof nounNeither nor 就近原则 Trytodistinguish Neitherteacheroftenanswersthequestions 这两个老师 没有一个经常解答问题 Eitherteacheroftenanswersthequestions 这两个老师中有一们常常解答问题 Idon tknowbothhisteachers 他的两位老师我并非都认识 半否定 Iknowneitherhisteachers 他的老师我都不认识 全否定 Sentencetransformation 1 Jimdoesn tlikefootball Tomdoesn tlikefootball either Jimdoesn tlikefootball Neither nor doesTom NeitherJimnorTomlikesfootball 2 Hecan tspeakeitherJapaneseorChinese HecanspeakneitherJapanesenorChinese Eitheryouorhehaslunchatschool 其一般疑问句应为 Doeitheryouorhehavelunchatschool 是你还是他在学校吃午饭 both and too 用于肯定句与neither nor either 是相反的Susanlikesplayingtheviolin Shirleylikesplayingit too Susanlikesplayingtheviolin sodoesShirley BothSusanandShirleylikeplayingtheviolin Amy sfamilyandclassmatesB1Amyiswritingaboutwhatherfamilydoesattheweekend Helphercompletethesentenceswiththecorrectconjunctions 1 mydad mymumgoestoworkattheweekend WevisitmygrandparentsonSaturdays 2 mymum mygrandmaaregoodatcooking Theycooklunchforus 3 mymum mydaddoesthedishesafterlunch Ialsohelpwithit 4 Intheafternoon mygrandpaandmydad playchess chatwitheachother 5 Mymum helpscleantheroomsformygrandparents doessomeshoppingforthem AmyandSuzyaretalkingaboutwhatjobstheirclassmatescandointhefuture Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectconjunctionsandthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets B2 Amy Suzy Amy I velearntaboutjobsandpersonalitiesrecently Really Whatjobsdoyouthinkourclassmatescandointhefuture IthinkMilliewouldmakeanexcellentteacher She s 1 willingtoworkwithchildren patientwiththem WhataboutSimon He sactiveandgoodatplayingfootball Ithinkhecanbe 2 aPEteacher afootballplayer DoyouthinkDavidandLisacanbeartists They reveryorganized butartistsshouldbecreative 3 David s Lisa spersonality 4 be suitableforbeinganartist I mafraid Whocanbeamanager 5 Judy Paul 6 be veryconfidentandenergetic Ithinktheycanbemanagers HowcanIlearnaboutjobsandpersonalities Youcanreadaboutthem 7 fromsomebooks ontheInternet Suzy Amy Suzy Amy Suzy Amy Suzy Amy 巩固练习 1 CanIparkmycarhere Yes youcanparkon sideofthestreet 苏州市 A eitherB neitherC bothD all 2 WeaskedJohnandHenrysomeeasyquestions but ofthemcouldanswerthem 上海市 A noneB bothC allD neither 3 Whichismoreuseful biologyorchemistry Ithink themareuseful 广州市 A eitherofB noneofC bothofD allof 4 Lily Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome 吉林省 A Notonly butalsoB Neither norC Both andD Either or A D C D 正误辨析 1 误 Bothmyparentsarenothere Theywenttotheconcertjustnow 正 Neitherofmyparentsishere Theywenttotheconcertjustnow 析 在英语中both一般用于肯定句中 如用于否定句中 其意义也不同于汉语 如 Bothofusarenotright 在英语中应被理解为 我们俩不都对 而Neitherofusisright 才能被理解为 我们俩无一正确 2 误 Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm 正 Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm 析 由or连接两主语时 谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致 3 误 Youshouldstudyhard andyouwon tpasstheexam 正 Youshouldstudyhard oryouwon tpasstheexam 析 or作为连词 这里的意思为 否则 又如 Hurryup oryou llbelateforschool 4 误 Thoughheispoor butheisreadytohelpothers 正 Thoughheispoor heisreadytohelpothers 正 Heispoor butheisreadytohelpothers 析 虽然 但是 是中文中的常用结构 但在英文中用了 虽然 则不要用 但是 用了 但是 则不能再用 虽然 二者只可用其一 正误辨析 5 误 EitheryouorIareonduty 正 EitheryouorIamonduty 析 either or连接两个主语时 其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应 这也叫作就近原则 类似的用法还有or neither nor notonly butalso等 6 误 TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow 正 TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow 析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略 以免重复 但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的 当你连接的是两个系动词时 后面的那个系动词不可省略 也就是讲连接的部分不可省略 7 误 Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps 正 Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps 析 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构 如是动名词则都用动名词 如用不定式则都应用不定式 这是初学者要注意的一点 正误辨析 8