新编大学英语第四册Unit6Risk课件Part.ppt

PartTwo ReadingCenteredActivities 1 In ClassReading 2 After ClassReading PartTwo In ClassReading Pre Reading Pre Reading 1 Inanormalday whatarethethreeriskiestthingsyoudo ThethreeriskiestthingsIdoinanormaldayaretoridemybicycleinheavytraffic rundownstairsanddoscientificexperiments Inmyopinion theyarecrossingtheroadinheavytraffic drunkendriving anddiving 2 Whatshouldwedotomanageriskinordinarylife Onewaytomanageriskinordinarylifeisthroughrationalplanning Byconsideringalternativesandbalancingthegreatestormostlikelyrisksagainstthegreatestormostlikelyrewards wecanoftenmakebetterdecisionsandgivegreaterconsiderationtolong termoutcomes Byalwayshavingacontingencyplanincaseourmainplanfails wecanusuallyavoidcatastrophes Butplanningtakeseffort andwemustbalancethiseffortagainstthepleasureofdoingthingsspontaneouslybecausetheyarenotveryimportantornotveryrisky andplanotherthingscarefullybecausetheyareveryimportantorveryrisky PartTwo In ClassReading Pre Reading PartTwo In ClassReading GlobalReading GlobalReading OrganizationAnalysis PartTwo In ClassReading GlobalReading OrganizationAnalysis Risksarealwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty PartI Para 1 3 PartII Para 4 7 PartIII Para 8 Nothingwedoiscompletelysafe Thepointistodecidetherisklevelandthenactaccordingly Managingriskswithcommonsenseandinformationaboutrisklevel PartTwo In ClassReading GlobalReading Theauthorsupportsthemainideabycomparinghypochondriawithanxietyabouttherisksoflife PartI Para 1 3 Inbothcases thefearoranxietyfeedsonpartialinformation Thehypochondriaccanturntoaphysiciantogetadefinitiveclarificationofthesituation Risksareamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty PartII Para 4 7 1 Weshouldinformourselvesaboutthe beforemakinganydecision Para 4 Example1 Weneedtoknowtherelativesafetyof and beforeourpurchase Para 5 relevantrisks largecars smallcars 2 Problem Howdowemeasurethe ofarisk Para 6 Example2 Whichactivityisriskier or Para 6 level ridinginacar mining 3 Solution Risklevelscanbeexpressedin or Para 6 7 isfourtimesriskierthan Para 7 ratios fractions Mining Ridinginacar PartTwo In ClassReading GlobalReading PartIII Para 8 Riskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituation Itcanonlybemanagedinasensibleway PartTwo In ClassReading GlobalReading PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading DetailedReading PassageReading UnderstandingSentences WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading 1Atsometimeorother allofushaveplayedthepartofahypochondriac imaginingthatwehavesometerriblediseaseonthestrengthofveryminorsymptoms Somepeoplejusthavetohearaboutanewdiseaseandtheybegincheckingthemselvestoseeiftheymaybesufferingfromit 2Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear andneitherisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun Modernlifeisfullofallmannerofthreats toourlives ourpeaceofmind ourfamilies andourfuture 3Andfromthesethreatscomequestionsthatwemustposetoourselves IsthefoodIbuysafe Aretoysformychildrenlikelytohurtthem Shouldmyfamilyavoidsmokedmeats AmIlikelytoberobbedonvacations Ouruncertaintiesmultiplyindefinitely RisksandYou PassageReading PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Anxietyabouttherisksoflifeisabitlikehypochondria inboth thefearoranxietyfeedsonpartialinformation Butonesharpdifferenceexistsbetweenthetwo Thehypochondriaccanusuallyturntoaphysiciantogetadefinitiveclarificationofthesituation eitheryouhavethesuspecteddiseaseoryoudon t 4Itismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned becausewithmanyrisks thesituationisnotassimple Risksarealmostalwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty Youmayask ShouldIwearaseatbelt Ifyou regoingtohaveahead oncollision ofcourse 5Butwhatifyougethitfromthesideandenduptrappedinsidethevehicle unabletoescapebecauseofadamagedseatbeltmechanism PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Sodoesthismeanthatyoushouldspendtheextramoneyforanairbag Again inhead oncollisions itmaywellsaveyourlife Butwhatifthebagaccidentallyinflateswhileyouaredrivingdownthehighway thuscausinganaccidentthatwouldneverhaveoccurredotherwise Allofthisisanotherwayofsayingthatnothingwedoiscompletelysafe 6Therearerisks oftenpotentiallyseriousones associatedwitheveryhobbywehave everyjobwetake everyfoodweeat inotherwords witheveryaction Butthefactthattherearerisksassociatedwitheverythingwearegoingtododoesnot orshouldnot reduceustotremblingneurotics Someactionsareriskierthanothers Thepointistoinformourselvesabouttherelevantrisksandthenactaccordingly PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Forexample largercarsaregenerallysaferthansmallonesincollisions Buthowmuchsafer 7Theansweristhatyouareroughlytwiceaslikelytodieinaseriouscrashinasmallcarthaninalargeone Yetlargercarsgenerallycostmorethansmallones andalsousemoregas thusincreasingtheenvironmentalrisks sohowdowedecidewhenthereducedrisksareworththeaddedcosts Theultimateriskavoidermight forinstance buyatankoranarmoredcar thusminimizingtheriskofdeathorinjuryinacollision Butistheaddedcostandinconvenienceworththedifferenceinprice evensupposingyoucouldaffordit Wecannotbegintoanswersuchquestionsuntilwehaveafeelforthelevelofrisksinquestion Sohowdowemeasurethelevelofarisk Somepeopleseemtothinkthattheanswerisasimplenumber Weknow forinstance thatabout25 000peopleperyeardieinautomobileaccidents PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Bycontrast onlyabout300dieperyearinmineaccidentsanddisasters Doesthatmeanthatridinginacarismuchriskierthanmining Notnecessarily Thefactisthatsome200millionAmericansregularlyrideinautomobilesintheUnitedStateseveryyear perhaps700 000areinvolvedinmining Therelevantfigurethatweneedtoassessariskisaratioorfraction Thenumeratorofthefractiontellsushowmanypeoplewerekilledorharmedastheresultofaparticularactivityoveracertainperiodoftime thedenominatortellsushowmanypeoplewereinvolvedinthatactivityduringthattime Allrisklevelsarethusratiosorfractions withvaluesbetween0 norisk and1 totallyrisky PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Byreducingallriskstoratiosorfractionsofthissort wecanbegintocomparedifferentsortsofrisks likeminingversusridinginacar Thelargerthisratio thatis thecloseritisto1 theriskiertheactivityinquestion 8Inthecasejustdiscussed wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingthenumbersofliveslostineachbythenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach Here itisclearthattheriskinessoftravelingbycarisabout1deathper10 000passengers withmining therisklevelisabout4deathsper10 000miners Soalthoughfarmorepeoplearekilledincaraccidentsthaninmining thelatterturnsouttobefourtimesriskierthantheformer Thoseratiosenableustocomparetherisksofactivitiesorsituationsasdifferentasapplesandoranges PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Ifyouareopposedtorisks youwillwanttochooseyouractivitiesbyfocusingonthesmall ratioexposures Ifyouarereckless thenyouarenotlikelytobeafraidofhigherratiosunlesstheygetuncomfortablylarge 9Onceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat therefore nothingiscompletelysafe wewillthenseethattheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway Riskmanagementrequirestwothings commonsenseandinformationaboutthecharacteranddegreeoftheriskswemayberunning PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading UnderstandingSentences Comments Example 1 Atsometimeorother allofushaveplayedthepartofahypochondriac imaginingthatwehavesometerriblediseaseonthestrengthofveryminorsymptoms 在说不定的某个时候 我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色 只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病 Translation imaginingthat veryminorsymptoms 为现在分词短语 在句中作状语 对主句作进一步解释 Havingnomoney IborrowedsomefromJohn Reason Walkingalongthebank Imetafriend Time Turningtotheright youwillseetheshop Condition Backtothetext PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading UnderstandingSentences Neverhavetheyheardofsuchstrangethings HardlycouldIbelievemyeyeswhenIenteredtheroom 2 Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear andneitherisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun Translation 然而 对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧 同样 患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险 Comments Itisaninvertedstructurewithanadverbputatthebeginningofasentence 此句为倒装结构 Example Backtothetext PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Fromtheroomcamethesoundofchildrensinging Fromthefountainbubbledastreamofcoldwater 3 Andfromthesethreatscomequestionsthatwemustposetoourselves Translation 从而产生了好些问题 我们不得不问自己 Comments Thissentencemeansthatthesethreatsgiverisetoquestionsthatwemustaskourselves 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组 谓语动词为go come等表示位置转移的动作动词时 句子通常全部倒装 Example Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation Comments Example Whenwe reconcerned youcangowheneveryouwant 就我们而言 你什么时候走都行 Asfaraspolicyisconcerned Ihavetosaysomething 谈到政策 我得说几句 4 Itismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned becausewithmanyrisks thesituationisnotassimple 但当涉及到其它形式的风险时 事情就要困难得多 因为对许多风险来说 情况并不那么简单 whensth isconcerned 意为 就 来说 就 而言 有时常用 asfarassth isconcerned 来表示 Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation 5 Butwhatifyougethitfromthesideandenduptrappedinsidethevehicle unabletoescapebecauseofadamagedseatbeltmechanism 倘若你的车侧面被撞 结果你被困在车里 又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱 那怎么办呢 Comments whatif 相当于 whatwouldhappenif 意为 如果 那又怎么办呢 Example Whatifshechangeshermindanddoesn tturnup 如果她改变主意不来怎么办 Whatifhismotherdoesn tlikethegirl 要是他妈妈不喜欢这个女孩该怎么办 Tobecontinued UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Comments enduptrapped 一句中trapped是过去分词表示伴随 词组 endup 的意思是 最后成为 处于 后面可接名词 短语 形容词 现在分词 过去分词或介词短语作状语 Example Heendedup as headofthefirm 他最后成了公司的主管 Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation 句中 oftenpotentiallyseriousone 是插入语 其作用是作进一步解释或说明 此处是说明risks beassociatedwith 意思为 berelatedto everyhobbywehave everyjobwetake 和 everyfoodweeat 都是with的宾语 6 Therearerisks oftenpotentiallyseriousone associatedwitheveryhobbywehave everyjobwetake andeveryfoodweeat inotherwords witheveryaction l 29 31 有些风险 常常是潜在的重大风险 与我们的每个业余爱好 所做的每项工作 所吃的每种食物有关 换句话说 与所进行的任何活动有关 Comments UnderstandingSentences Tobecontinued PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Example Ahealthylifeisfrequentlythoughttobeassociatedwiththeopencountrysideandhomegrownfood Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation 7 Theansweristhatyouareroughlytwiceaslikelytodieinaseriouscrashinasmallcarthaninalargeone 答案是这样 在一起严重的车祸中 坐小车丧生的可能性是坐大车的两倍左右 Comments 表示倍数可以用 times as adj as 或者 times the of Example Theroomistwiceasbigasthatone Theroomistwicethesizeofthatone Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation 这是一个简单句 主干结构为 wewouldfindtherelativesafety of引起的介词短语作定语修饰前面的名词 relativesafety bydividing ineach 是句子的方式状语 句首的 Inthecasejustdiscussed 为状语 意思是 在刚刚讨论的情况中 结尾中出现了两个each都指的是 eachactivity 每一项活动 8 Inthecasejustdiscussed wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingthenumbersofliveslostineachbythenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach 在刚才讨论的例子中 我们可以用每一项活动中死亡的人数除以参与该活动的总人数 从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性 Comments Tobecontinued UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Comments divide by 用 去除 Example Ifyoudivide30by6 theansweris5 以6除30 答案为5 Thirtydividedbysixisfive 30除以6等于5 Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Translation 9 Onceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat therefore nothingiscompletelysafe wewillthenseethattheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway 一旦我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险 因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的 我们就会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地管理危险 Tobecontinued UnderstandingSentences PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading 本句是一个主从复合句 once引导的从句中 谓语understand后有两个由that引导的并列宾语从句 主句 wewillthensee way 中 动词see也带了一个由that引导的宾语从句 从句的主要结构为 theissueisnot butrather Comments Example Oncethebooksareopen phonecallsgounanswered TVunwatchedandnewspapersunread 一旦打开书本学习 就不接电话 不看电视 不读报纸了 Onceenvironmentaldamageisdone ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover 对环境一旦造成破坏 就要花很多年的时间才能使整个系统恢复 once conj 一旦 Backtothetext UnderstandingSentences WordStudy risk atrisk处于危险之中 Thediseaseisspreading andallchildrenunderfiveareatrisk Heartdiseasecanbeavoidedifpeopleatrisktakemedicaladvice attheriskof冒 的危险 Hesavedmylifeattheriskoflosinghisown Attheriskofoffendingyou ImusttellyouthatIdisapproveofyourbehavior Somephraseswith risk Tobecontinued PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading runtheriskof冒 的危险 1 Idon twanttoruntheriskofmeetingGeorge 2 Iwasafraidtoruntheriskofbettingonthegame takearisk risks冒险做可能失败或危险的事 1 Youaretakingabigriskdrivingsofast 2 Buthemustbecautious hemusttakenounnecessaryrisks Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Shewashiredonthestrengthofhercomputerskills 基于她的计算机能力 她被录用了 Iboughtthebookonthestrengthofyourrecommendation 我是因为听了你的推荐才买这本书的 playthepartof playtheroleof扮演 的角色 HeplayedthepartofHamletintheplay 他在剧中扮演哈姆雷特的角色 onthestrengthof onthebaseof relyingon withthesupportorhelpof基于 由于 的影响 凭借 Backtothetext Backtothetext WordStudy posev giveriseto adifficultordangeroussituation 提出 造成 形成 Somephraseswith pose poseaproblem difficulty risk threat challenge question 1 Officialsclaimthechemicalposesnorealthreat 2 Risingunemploymentisposingseriousproblemsfortheadministration 3 Theyhadbeenexpectedtoposeaseriouschallengetothemainparties Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Let sfixadefinitedateforthenextmatch 我们定一下下次比赛的确切日期吧 indefinitelyadv foraperiodoftimewithoutafixedlimit无限期地 Shewasallowedtokeepthebookindefinitely 她被允许无限期保存那本书 cf definite Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading 1 notcomplete部分的 不完全的Shecouldonlyenjoyapartialrecovery 她只是部分地恢复了健康 她还没有完全康复 partialadj 2 unfairlysupportingonepersonoronegroupagainstanother偏向一方的 偏袒的 不公正的Youareexpectedtokeepyourjudgmentawayfromanypartialattitudes 你必须让自己的判断客观公正 Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading ratheradv toafairlylargedegree相当 颇 有点儿 IrealizethatI vebeenratherstupidandselfish Somephraseswith rather ratherthan insteadof 1 Itwouldbebettertomakeadecisionnow ratherthanleaveituntillater 2 Itwaswhathemeantratherthanwhathesaidthatannoyedme Tobecontinued WordStudy wouldratherprefertodoorhavesomething Iwouldratheryoudidn tmentionthismattertoanyoneelse orratherusedbeforecorrectingsomethingthatyouhavesaid orgivingmorespecificinformation WeallwentinVic scar orratherhisfather s not butrather usedtosaythatonethingisnottruebutadifferentthingis Theproblemisnottheirlackoffunding butrathertheirlackofplanning Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading may might just aswellhavenostrongreason notto不妨 可以 maywell Youmaywellberight Shemaywellchangeherplans It sobvioussheisnotgoingtoanswerthedoor wemayaswellleave mightaswell如指现在的情况 语气比mayaswell更委婉 cf tobelikelyto很可能 It snogoodwaitingforthebus wemightaswellwalk Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading accidentallyadv happeningbychance notbyplanorintention偶然地 意外地 ThismorningIaccidentallymetwithafriendwithwhomIhaveneverkeptintouchforalongtime incidentallyusedforaddingsomethingtowhatwassaidbefore eitheronthesameoranothersubject cf Imustgonow IncidentallyifyouwantthatbookI llbringitnexttime Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading I vegotonemorepagetowrite otherwiseI vealreadyfinished 我又多写了一页 不然的话已经完成了 otherwiseadv 1 inadifferentway differently不同地 Shesaidthatyoungcontestantwouldlose butIthoughtotherwise 她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输 我的看法却不是这样 2 apartfromthat inotherways 在 其他方面 conj ifnot 在不同情况下 否则 Itwasabitlong butotherwiseitwasagoodfilm 那影片是长了一点儿 其它方面倒还不错 Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading 2 tochangesomethingtoitsparts将某事物概括或简化成某种形式 reduce to 1 tobring esp someonetoaweakerorunfavorablestate使某人陷入某种 通常指更坏的 状态或状况中 Itisgreedthatreducedhimtoaprisoner 贪婪让他变成了阶下囚 Thepresident sspeechcanbereducedtothreemainpoints 总统的演讲可以被归纳为三点 3 tobringsomethingtoasmallernumberoramount使变为 使化为 Thefirereducedthepalacetoashes 一场大火把宫殿化为灰烬 Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading Thereareagreatnumberofreaderswhoarecrazyformartialartsnovels Accordingly Mr JinYongcouldenjoyahighstatusintoday sChineseliterature 无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉 因此 金庸先生能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位 accordinglyadv 1 inawaythatisappropriatetothesituation相应地 Theweatherhaschangedsuddenly Accordingly wemustalterourplansforcamping 2 asaresultofsomething因此 从而 inaccordancewith按照 依照 Hewasburiedinhishometown inaccordancewithhiswishes Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading 2 calculatewhatsomethingcostsorisworth估价 估计Theyassessedthevalueofthehouseatover 700 000 他们估计这所房子的价值超过70万美元 assessv 1 carefullyconsiderasituation person orprobleminordertomakeajudgment评价 评定 It sdifficulttoassesstheeffectsofthatnewlegislationjustyet 现在还难以评价那部新法规的效果 Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading DetailedReading It sgoingtobeTheHustonRocketsversusTheDetroitPistonsinthisseason sNBAFinals 本赛季的NBA总决赛将会在休斯敦火箭队和底特律活塞队之间展开 versus shortformV orvs prep againstinoppositiontooragainstespeciallyinagameofsports 尤指在体育比赛中 对 以 为对手 与 相比 Backtothetext WordStudy PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading Post Reading Discussion Vocabulary Summary Discussion 1 Howdowemeasure therisklevel PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading Directions Fillintheblankswiththeinformationfromthepassage PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading Directions ThefollowingpiechartindicatestherelativerisksofdifferentmeansoftransportationinAmerica Workingroupstoanswerthefollowingquestions 2 GroupDiscussion Deathspertenbillionpassengermiles PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading Whichmeansoftransportationissafer airplanesorcars Whydomostpeoplefearairplaneaccidentsmorethancaraccidents WordsandPhrasesThatMayBeUsefultoYouairplanecrashfatalsurvive in securecaraccident Sample PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading Ithinkairplanesaresafer Eventhoughfewerpeopledieinaircrashthanincaraccidents peoplefeelfarlesssecureintheairthanontheground perhapsbecauseairplanecrashesarealmostalwaysfatal Ifyouareinanairplanecrash youwilldiemostprobably butyoumightnotbekilledinacaraccident Besideswearestillmoreusedtocarsthanairplanes Sample Sample Backtothequestions PartTwo In ClassReading Post Reading PartTwo In ClassReading Post