A 高中英语词汇 详解.docx

Aabacusn.(plural abacuses) a frame containing rods with small balls that slide along them. It is used as a tool or toy for counting. 算盘abandonv./n.(i)(a)go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desert 离开（某人 某物或某地）而不返回; 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃:a baby abandoned by its parents 被父母遗弃的婴儿 an abandoned car, dwelling, fort, village 被抛弃的汽车 被离弃的住所 被遗弃的堡垒 被离弃的村庄give orders to abandon ship, ie to leave a sinking ship 下令弃船（离开正在下沉的船）. (b) sth/sb (to sb) leave sth/sb to be taken (by sb) 舍弃某物某人而被（别人）取得: They abandoned their lands to the invading forces. 他们丢下了土地遭侵略军占领. (ii)give up completely (esp sth begun) 完全放弃（尤指已开始的某事物）abandon a project, plan, scheme, etc 放弃一项方案 计划 设计等urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的人戒烟He abandoned all hope, ie stopped hoping. 他放弃了一切希望The match was abandoned because of bad weather. 比赛因天气恶劣而取消. (iii) oneself to sth (fml 文) yield completely to (an emotion or impulse) 完全屈从于（某种情感或冲动）He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望中.abandon (also abandonment) n U freedom from worry or inhibitions 放任; 纵情: dance with wild/gay abandon 狂放地尽情地跳舞.abandoned adj usu attrib 通常作定语 (of people or behaviour) wild or immoral （指人或行为）放荡的堕落的.abandonment n U abandoning 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃; 放弃; 舍弃: Her abandonment of the idea upset him. 她放弃了这一意见, 他很不高兴. abilityn.U capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 做体力 脑力或机械工作的能力或力量: a machine with the ability to cope with large loads 能处理大负荷量的机器 He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力. (a) U cleverness; intelligence 智慧; 才智: a woman of great ability 很有才能的女子. (b) U, C talent 天资; 天分: have a great musical ability 很有音乐天才We found him work more suited to his abilities. 我们给他找到了更适合他的能力的工作. (idm 习语) to the best of ones abilityableadj.be to do sth (used as a modal v 用作情态动词) have the power, means or opportunity to do sth 有能力 办法或机会做某事; 能: The child is not yet able to write. 这个孩子还不会写字. Will you be able to come? 你能来吗?You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事.abnormaladj.different, esp in an undesirable way, from what is normal, ordinary or expected 反常的; 不正常的; 变态的: abnormal specimens, weather conditions, behaviour 异常的样品 反常的天气 变态行为be physically/mentally abnormal 身体上精神上不正常.aboardadv.on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp US) a bus 在船 飞机 火车或公共汽车上（在美式英语中尤指公共汽车）上船 飞机 火车或公共汽车: We went/climbed aboard. 我们上了船（或飞机 车等）Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐这船（或飞机 车等）! All aboard! ie The ship, etc is about to depart. 请各位上船（或飞机 车等）! He was already aboard the ship. 他已经上船了.abroadadv.in or to a foreign country or countries; away from ones own country 在国外; 到国外; 出国: be, go, live, travel abroad 在外国出国/旅居外国/到外国 visitors (who have come) from abroad, ie from another country 外国（来的）游客. being circulated widely 广泛流传: Theres a rumour abroad that., ie People are saying that. 谣言盛传, 说是.abstractadj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的: We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract. 我们尽可谈论美的事物, 然而美本身却是抽象的.He has some abstract (ie vague, impractical) notion of wanting to change the world. 他有一种要改造世界的空想. n.short account of the contents of a book, etc; summary （书籍等的）摘要; 概括: an abstract of a lecture 讲演的摘要.Cf. concreteadj.existing in material form; that can be touched, felt, etc 以物质形式存在的; 具体的; 实体的: Physics deals with the forces acting on concrete objects. 物理学研究作用于物体上的力.n.U building material made by mixing cement with sand, gravel, etc and water 混凝土: a slab of concrete 混凝土板modern buildings made of concrete 用混凝土建造的现代建筑物attrib 作定语 a concrete path, wall, etc 混凝土的路 墙等.abundantadj.more than enough; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: an abundant supply of fruit 水果的充足供应 We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有充分的证据证明他有罪. academicadj.attrib 作定语 of (teaching or learning in) schools, colleges, etc 学校的; 学院的: the ,academic year, ie the total time within a year when teaching is done in schools, etc, usu starting in September or October 学年 academic freedom, ie liberty to teach and discuss educational matters without interference from politicians, etc 学术自由. acceleratevt.Tn make (sth) move faster or happen earlier; increase the speed of 使（某事物）加快; 促进（某事物）; 加速: accelerating the rate of growth 提高生长率. Cf. decelerate accentn. C emphasis given to a syllable or word by means of stress or pitch 重音（用重读或提高音调的方法使一音节或词突出）: In the word today the accent is on the second syllable. today一字的重音在第二个音节上. Cf 1. broguestrong regional accent, esp the Irish way of speaking English 土腔（尤指爱尔兰人说英语的腔调）: a soft Irish brogue 柔和的爱尔兰土腔.Cf 2. dialectform of a language (grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) used in a part of a country or by a class of people 方言; 土语; 地方话: the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言a play written in dialect 用方言写的剧本attrib 作定语 dialect words, pronunciations, etc 方言词 方音. C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词 special emphasis given to sth （对某事物的）强调; 重点: In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们一切产品中, 最重视的就是质量.accommodatev.Tn provide lodging or room for (sb) 供给（某人）住宿或房间: This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿. accompanyn.Tn walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escort 伴随或跟随（某人）; 陪伴: I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察分局. He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife. 他那次远行有妻子陪同. Warships will accompany the convoy. 军舰将护送船队. esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr sth (by/with sth) (a) be present or occur with sth 与某事物同时存在或发生: fever accompanied with delirium 发烧而说胡话strong winds accompanied by heavy rain 狂风夹着暴雨. (b) provide sth in addition to sth else; supplement sth 兼带; 附有Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信封 贴上邮票 写好地址. accordn.peace treaty; agreement 和平条约; 协议: an accord between countries/with another country 国与国之间的与另一国的条约. (idm 习语) in accord (with sth/sb) agreeing (with sth/sb); in harmony 与（某事物某人）一致; 融洽: Such an act would not be in accord with our policy. 这种做法不符合我们的政策. They live in perfect accord with each other. 他们生活在一起十分融洽. of ones own accord without being asked or forced; voluntarily 主动地; 自愿地: He joined the army of his own accord. 他自愿地参了军. with ,one accord everybody agreeing; unanimously 全体一致; 一致地:With one accord they all stood up and cheered. 他们全体一致起立欢呼.v.Ipr with sth (fml 文) (of a thing) agree or be in harmony with sth; correspond with sth （指事物）与某事物一致或相配合, 与某事物相符:His behaviour does not accord with his principles. 他的行为与他的原则不符. What you say does not accord with the previous evidence. 你所说的与以前的证词不一致. Dn.n, Dn.pr sth to sb (fml 文) give or grant sth to sb 给与或赠与某人某事物: accord sb permission/accord permission to sb 允许某人The tribute accorded him was fully deserved.对他的赞扬他完全当之无愧.accordancen.(idm 习语) in accordance with sth in agreement or harmony with sth 按照或依据某事物: in accordance with sbs wishes 按照某人的愿望act in accordance with custom, the regulations, the law 依照惯例 规章 法律.accountn.(abbr 缩写 a/c) statement of money paid or owed for goods or services 帐目; 帐单: send in/render an account 报帐开送帐单keep the accounts, ie keep a detailed record of money spent and received 记帐The accounts show a profit of 9000. 帐上显示盈利9000英镑. (abbr 缩写 a/c) arrangement made with a bank, firm, etc allowing credit for financial or commercial transactions (used esp as in the expressions shown) 帐户, 户头（与银行 商店等在财务或商务交易上的约定, 尤用于以下示例）: have an account at/with that bank, ie keep money there and use its facilities 在那个银行有帐户open/close an account 开结束户头pay money into/draw money out of an account 在一帐户中存取钱I have 200 in my account. 我的户头里有200英镑. Will you pay cash or shall I charge it to your account (eg at a shop or restaurant)? 您愿意付现金还是记入您的帐里? （如在商店或饭馆里） report; description 报告; 叙述: She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了详细叙述.Dont believe the newspaper account (of what happened). 不要相信报纸上（对所发生的事情）的报道.Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活动都记下来. on account (a) as a payment in advance of a larger one 作为先付的部分款项: Ill give you 20 on account. 我先付你20英镑. (b) to be paid for later 以后付款; 赊帐: buy sth on account 赊购某物. on account of sth; on this/that account because of sth; for this/that reason 因为 由于 为了某事物; 为此: We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 由于天气不好, 我们将启程的时间推迟了. on no account; not on any account not for any reason 决不可以; 切莫: Dont on any account leave the prisoner unguarded. 这个囚犯决不能没人看守. on ones own account (a) for ones own benefit and at ones own risk 为自己的利益甘冒风险: work on ones own account 自行负责地工作. (b) on ones own behalf 为了自己: I was worried on my own account, not yours. 我担心是为我自己, 而不是为了你. on sbs account for sbs sake 为了某人的缘故: Dont change your plans on my account. 不要为了我而改变你的计划.v.Cn.a regard (sb/sth) as; consider 将（某人某事物）看做; 视为: In English law a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国法律, 一个人未经证实有罪仍视为无罪. Ipr (to sb) for sth give a satisfactory record of (money, etc in ones care) （对自己掌管的钱等）作令人满意的交代: We must account (to our employer) for every penny we spend during a business trip. 我们得把我们出差时所花的每一分钱（向雇主）交代清楚. (idm 习语) theres no accounting for taste (saying 谚) it is impossible to explain why people have different likes and dislikes 人各有所好（人的好恶是无可理喻的）. (phr v) account for sth be the explanation of sth; explain the cause of sth 作某事物的解释; 解释某事物的原因: His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席.Please account for your disgraceful conduct. 对你的可耻行为请作解释. account for sth/sb destroy sth or kill sb 摧毁某事物; 杀死某人: Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers. 我军高射炮击落五架敌军轰炸机.accusev. sb (of sth) say that sb has done wrong, is guilty (of sth) or has broken the law 指责某人有错 犯（某）罪或犯法; 指控; 控告; 谴责: accuse sb of cheating, cowardice, theft 谴责某人欺诈 指责某人怯懦 控告某人偷窃.Cf. charge sb. with sue sb. for sth.acquirev.Tn (a) gain (sth) by ones own ability, efforts or behaviour （靠自己的能力 努力或行为而）获得, 得到（某事物）: acquire a good knowledge of English, an antique painting, a taste for brandy, a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语 得到一幅古画 学会喝白兰地酒 得到不诚实的名声. (b) obtain (sth); be given (sth) 取得（某事物）; 收到（某事物）: My sister couldnt take her desk with her to the new house: thats how I came to acquire it. 我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居, 我就是这样才得到它的.Weve just acquired a dog. 我们刚得到一只狗. acuteadj.very great; severe 极大的; 严重的: suffer acute hardship 遭受极大的苦难Theres an acute shortage of water. 严重缺水. (a) (of feelings or the senses) keen; sharp; penetrating （指感觉或感官）敏锐的, 深刻的, 剧烈的:suffer acute pain, embarrassment, remorse, etc 感到剧烈的疼痛 极度的尴尬 深深的懊悔等Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很敏锐. (b) shrewd; perceptive 精明的; 有观察力的: He is an acute observer. 他是个敏锐的观察家.Her judgement is acute. 她的判断力很强. affectv.have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响: The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们大家. The change in climate may affect your health, ie be bad for you. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康.Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定. (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect （指疾病）侵袭（某人某物）; 感染: Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏. cause (sb) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch 使（某人）有悲伤或同情的感觉; 感动: We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤.affecting moving or touching 动人的; 感人的: an affecting appeal for help 感人的求助. affectingly adv.NOTE ON USAGE 用法: affect是动词, 意为影响: Alcohol affects drivers concentration. 酒精能影响司机的注意力. effect是名词, 意为效果或影响: Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers. 酒精对司机的影响很大. effect这个词还是个（文雅的）动词, 意为完成: They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了.affordv.no passive 不用于被动语态: (usu with can, could or be able to 通常与can could或be able to连用) have enough money, time, space, etc for (a specified purpose) 为（某目的）有足够的钱 时间 地方等:They walked because they couldnt afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. You cant afford (ie are not in a position to spend) 90. 你可不能花90英镑. Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出时间来.We would give more examples if we could afford the space. 假如我们能匀出篇幅来, 就可以多举些例子了. no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tt (usu with can orcould 通常与can或could连用) be able to do sth without risk to oneself 能不冒风险而做某事物: I mustnt annoy my boss because I cant afford to lose my job, ie must not take the risk of losing my job. 我可得罪不起老板, 因为我舍不得丢掉这份工作.You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself. 本身行为不正, 则不宜批评别人. Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide sth; give sth 供给某事物; 给予某事物: The tree afforded (us) welcome shade. 这棵树下好乘凉.Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣.afterwardsadv.(US also afterward) adv at a later time 后来; 然后; 以后: Lets go to the theatre first and eat afterwards. 咱们先去看戏, 然后再吃吧. aggressiveadj.(a) (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或动物）侵略的, 好攻击的, 好寻衅的, 好争吵的: dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗 Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平. (b) (of things or actions) for or of an attack; offensive （指事物或行动）攻击性的: aggressive weapons 攻击性的武器. (often approv 常作褒义) forceful; self-assertive 强有力的; 坚持己见的: A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做个好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功.agonyn.extreme mental or physical suffering （精神或肉体的）极大痛苦: The wounded man was in agony. 那受伤的人痛苦已极.They suffered the agony of watching him burn to death. 他们眼巴巴见他活活烧死而五内如焚.She was in an agony of indecision. 她陷于犹豫不决的痛苦之中.He suffered agonies of remorse. 他饱受悔恨的煎熬.alternativeadj.attrib 作定语 available in place of sth else; other 可用以代替其它事物的; 另一可选用的; 其他的:find alternative means of transport 另找一个运输方法Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议?The alternative book to study for the examination is War and Peace. 可供应考选读的另一本书是战争与和平. (idm 习语) the alternative society people who prefer not to live according to the conventional standards of social behaviour 另择群体（不循传统的社会行为准则而生活的人们）.n.1 choice of two or more possibilities 可能性中的选择: You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择. Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路. 2 one of two or more possibilities 可能性之一: One of the alternatives open to you is to resign. 你辞职也是个办法.amusev.make (sb) laugh or smile 逗（某人）笑: Everyone was amused at/by the story about the dog. 大家听了关于那只狗的故事都笑起来了. My funny drawings amused the children. 我的滑稽的图画把孩子们给逗乐了. We were amused to learn that. 我们得知.都笑了起来. altituden.height above sea-level 海拔; 高度: What is the altitude of this village? 这个村子海拔多少? We are flying at an altitude of 20000 feet. 我们的飞行高度是20000英尺. attrib 作定语 altitude sickness 高原病. announcev.Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w make (sth) known publicly 宣布; 宣告; 发表: They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了.The Prime Minister announced that she would resign. 首相宣布她将辞职. Have they announced when the race will begin? 宣布比赛什么时候开始了吗? Tn make known the presence or arrival of (sb/sth) 通报（某人某事物）的出席或到来: Would you announce the guests as they come in? 客人来时你通报一声好吗? Tn introduce (a speaker, singer, etc) on radio, TV, etc （在无线电 电视等上）主持介绍（演讲者 演唱者等）.Cf 1. claimv.(a) Tn demand or request (sth) because it is or one believes it is ones right or ones property 要求或索要（某事物）（因是应得的权利或财物）: claim diplomatic immunity, the protection of the law, etc 要求外交豁免 法律保护等After the Dukes death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死后, 其长子要求继承爵位.She claims ownership (ie says she is the rightful owner) of the land. 她对这块土地的产权提出要求（称她是合法所有人）.claim an item of lost property 认领丢失的财物 * (fig 比喻) Gardening claims (ie takes up) much of my time in the summer. 夏天, 园艺工作需要（占去）我大量时间. (b) I, Ipr, Tn (for sth) demand (money) under an insurance policy, as compensation, etc 凭保险单要求赔偿（款项）; 索赔: Have you claimed (the insurance) yet? 你索取（保险金）了吗?You can always claim on the insurance. 反正出了事可按保险索赔.claim for damages 要求损害赔偿金. Tn, Tf, Tt state or declare (sth) as a fact (without being able to prove it); assert 声称; 宣称; 断言: claim knowledge (ie to have knowledge) of sth 自称知道某事After the battle both sides claimed victory. 战斗结束后, 双方均宣称获胜.She claims (that) she is related to the Queen/claims to be related to the Queen. 她声称和女王有亲属关系. n.C (a) (for sth) demand for a sum of money (as insurance, compensation, a wage increase, etc) 索款（作为保险金 赔偿 增薪等）: put in/make a claim for damages, a pay rise, etc 提出损害赔偿 增薪等要求. (b) sum of money demanded 索要的金额: Thats a very large claim! 索要的是一大笔钱! C, U (to sth); (on sb/sth) right to sth 对某事物的权利: His claim to ownership is invalid. 他的所有权是无效的.a claim to the throne 对获得王位的权利You have no claim on (ie no right to ask for) my sympathy. 你没有要我同情的权利.His only claim to fame (ie The only remarkable thing about him) is that he once met Stalin. 他唯一出风头的事是他与斯大林有一面之缘. C statement of sth as a fact; assertion 称某事为事实的陈述; 声称; 断言: Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent/to be innocent. 他说他清白, 谁也不相信. C thing claimed, esp a piece of land 索要之物（尤指土地）. (idm 习语) lay claim to sth (a) state that one has a right to sth 声称对某事物有权利: lay claim to an inheritance, an estate, a property, etc 声称对遗产 产业 财产等有权利. (b) (usu negative 通常作否定) state that one has knowledge, understanding, a skill, etc 自称有知识 智力 技能等: I lay no claim to being an expert economist. 我决不自命为经济学专家.Cf 2. declarev.(a) Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t, Dpr.f, Dpr.w formally announce (sth); make known clearly 正式宣布（某事）; 表明: Im not coming with you and thats final! declared Mary. 我不跟你去-这是最后决定!玛丽郑重地说. declare that the war is over 宣布战争结束 They then declared (to us all) what had been decided. 他们然后（对我们全体）宣布所作出的决定. They declared him (to be) the winner. 他们宣布他为得胜者. I declare the meeting closed. 我宣布会议结束. (b) Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t say (sth) solemnly 郑重地说（某事）: He declared that he was inno