Chapter 12 Instructions for Drugs

Chapter 12 (2)Instructions for Drugs,Terms,药品说明书：Instructions, Directions, Description, Package Insert, Data sheets, Leaflet药物名称：drug name通用名：popular name, generic name商品名：trade name, proprietary name化学名称：chemical name,化学成分：chemical composition化学结构：chemical structure性状：description组成、成分：ingredients, composition适应症、主治：indications功用、功效：functions, effects规格：specification用法用量：dosage and usage, directions,不良反应：adverse reactions毒性反应：toxic reaction, toxic response过敏反应：anaphylactic reaction副作用：side effects, undesirable effects禁忌症：contraindications注意事项：precautions警告：warnings,物理和化学性质：physical and chemical properties药物相互作用：drug interactions临床药理学：clinical pharmacology临床机理：mechanism of action, clinical mechanism耐受性：tolerance药物动力学：pharmacokinetics吸收和排泄：absorption and excretion,贮藏：storage包装：package批号：batch No.有效期：validity date, expiry (date)批准文号：drug approval number生产厂商：manufacturer,Drug name,Western medicine: check the dictionary.Chinese medicine: 音译：保婴丹(BAO YING DAN)拼音+剂型：桂枝汤(Guizhi Decoction)药品名直译+剂型：桂林西瓜霜(Guilin Watermelon Frost)意译：平胃散(Peptic Powder)音译+注释：温脾汤(Wenpi Tang Decoction for Warming Spleen) Recommended,药物性状(description),如果是一段较长的说明，可翻译成完整的句子，用一般现在时；如果是非常简短的描述，则不用翻译成完整的句子，只需翻译成短语即可。,1. 本品为白色或微黄色粉末，加适量水可配制成近乎白色的悬浊液，供肌肉注射用，或配制成黄色的溶液，供静脉注射用。It is a white or a faintly yellow powder to which appropriate amounts of water are added to prepare an off-white suspension for intramuscular use or a yellowish solution for intravenous administration.,2. 本品为红色的澄清粘稠液体；气香，味甜。Sticky clear red solution with fragrant smell and sweet taste.,药物的作用(functions)或适应症(indications),如果是一段较长的说明，可翻译成完整的句子，用一般现在时；如果是非常简短的描述，则不用翻译成完整的句子，只需翻译成短语即可。,1. 在感染的细菌未被确认出来，或由敏感细菌引起感染时，适于用该药来进行治疗。It is indicated for the treatment of infection before the infecting organism has been identified or when the infection is caused by sensitive bacteria.2. 健脾开胃。Strengthening the spleen and inducing appetite.,用量用法(dosage and usage),如果是一段较长的说明，可翻译成完整的句子，用一般现在时；如果是非常简短的指示，则不用翻译成完整的句子，只需翻译成短语。,1. 细菌感染可用肌肉注射或静脉注射10毫升，每日三次即可见效。Bacterial infections will respond to intramuscular or intravenous injection of 10 ml each time, three times a day.2. 口服，一次10毫升，一日三次。For oral use. 10 ml each time, 3 times a day.,禁忌症(contraindications),即可译为完整的句子，一般使用should或must等情态动词；也可译为短语。,对该药物过敏者禁止使用。It should not be used in patients with known sensitivity to the drug.Patients with known sensitivity to the drug.,不良反应(adverse reactions),如果较长，则译为完整的句子，大多数情况下用一般现在时；如果较短，也可译为短语。,1. 该药耐受性良好，最常见的副作用与胃肠道症状有关。This drug is generally well tolerated. The commonest side effects associated with it are symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract.2. 嗜睡、头晕、心悸、兴奋、失眠、恶心等。Lethargy, dizziness, palpitation, excitation, insomnia, and nausea.,3. 偶尔可能出现下列副作用：口干、口渴、发困、乏力、头晕、心部烧灼感、食欲不振、腹部不适、发疹。The following adverse reactions may occasionally occur: dryness of the mouth, thirst, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, heartburn, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and exanthema.,注意事项(precaustions),一般是对病人提出要求，所以在翻译成英语时可用should，may或must等情态动词，同时也多用被动语态。,1. 偶尔可能对口腔粘膜有麻醉作用，但若不嚼碎药片，而以水送服，上述作用可以避免。An anesthetic effect on the oral mucous membranes may occur occasionally, but this may be avoided by swallowing the drug quickly with water without crushing the tablet.,2. 服用过量或有严重不良反应时请即就医。A physician must be consulted immediately for overdosage or severe adverse reactions.,药物的贮藏(storage),一般译为祈使句。e.g. 密封避光，置于干燥阴凉处保存。Keep airtight in a dry and cool place. Away from light.,中药的功能(functions, indications),因为中药汉语术语深奥难解，其信息含量也非常大，所以在翻译中药说明书时，应对其内容进行恰当的解释和补充，才能使英译文清晰明白。,1. 【功用】健脾和胃，消食止泻。Functions Strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, promoting digestion and arresting diarrhea.,2. 【主治】脾虚食积征，表现为食欲不振、消化不良、脘腹胀满、大便溏薄、苔腻、脉虚弱。慢性肠炎、肠功能紊乱、结肠过敏等表现为脾虚食积者，可调整本方后加以治疗。Indications Retention of food due to deficiency of the spleen marked by poor appetite, indigestion, distention and fullness in the stomach and abdomen, loose bowels, greasy coating of the tongue, and feeble pulse. The modification of the recipe is advisable for the above syndromes as seen in cases such as chronic enteritis, disturbance of intestinal function, irritable colon, etc.,Practice:ISOKETFor long-term and /or emergency treatment of angina pectoris,Composition:Isosorbide dinitrate 20mg per tablet, with prolonged action.,Indications:Angina pectoris, especially the so-called “effort angina”; prevention and subsequent treatment of myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris vasomotorica, a form induced by central nervous disorder, is not affected.Contra-indication:Glaucoma.,Dosage:One tablet of Isoket retard to be taken with water and without chewing in the morning after breakfast, and one in the evening before retiring; this will protect the patient from attacks of angina pectoris during both the day and the night. If an attack does occur, half a tablet should be chewed and then swallowed, whereby an immediate action is produced.,Note:No side-effects are to be expected, but some patients may develop the well-known “nitrate-headache” which in itself is harmless. In such instances, it is recommended that the dosage be reduced. Because this nitrate effect is subject to tachyphylaxis, the Isoket retard medication need not be interrupted. Security for angina pectoris patients for 8-10 hours. In cases of extreme severity, immediate relief can be obtained by chewing Isoket retard.,PackagePacking of 60 tablets.,Exercise: Translate the following medicine specification into Chinese.,Composition: Each tablet contains X 200mg.Indications:As an e