大学英语四级新题型试卷2.doc

大学英语四级新题型试卷（2）PART I . Writing (30 MIN)Directions： For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A letter of Gratitude. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：写一封感谢信,在你准备大学英语四级考试期间,Mary不但给你提供许多如何有效安排时间的建议,还把书借给你。在她的帮助下,你顺利地通过考试.A Letter of GratitudePART II. Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） (15 MIN)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionsFor questions 17, mark Y （for YES）if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG （for NOT GIVEN）if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 810,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.ExplorationOf all the characteristics that man has used to distinguish himself from “lower” animals,the desire to explore the unknown may be the most enduring. As the Norwegian polar explorer and oceanographer Fridtjof Nansen observed, “man wants to know, and when he ceases to do so, he is no longer man.”The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. Likewise, the gradual expansion by certain animals into new ranges is not exploratory but rather merely a shift to a less crowded or more favorable environmental setting. To be sure, mankind also has been involved in movements of this sort when subjected to population and predatory pressures.Then, too, economic and military considerations have frequently been major driving factors in human expansion into new realms. Nonetheless, in numerous instances, mans attempts at exploration have been marked by imaginative leaps across hostile stretches, sometimes at great risk, to reach something undefined simply for its own sake. Much of the history of explorationcertainly of modern geographical explorationhas been European. Such has been the case not because European possessed superior curiosity of some other internal force, but because whatever events channeled their societies toward an advanced level of technology allowed them to expend more energy on exploration. The rapid growth and consolidation of their kingdoms provided them with an opportunity to exploit fully new discoveries. By contrast, the great Asian kingdoms,though no less capable,turned inward and erected wallslegal andliteralbetween themselves and the “barbarians” of the outside world.The 20th century has witnessed the last stages of exploration of the Earths surface and the initial attempts to explore the deep sea and space.Exploration of the Earths surface and interiorToday, the last of the unmarked areas on land maps have been filled in by radar and photographic mapping from aircraft and satellites. One of the last areas to be mapped was the Darien peninsula between the Panama Canal and Colombia, the final stretch of the Pan-American Highway system. Heavy clouds, steady rain, and dense jungle vegetation made its exploration difficult, but airborne radar was able to penetrate the cloud cover to produce reliable, detailed maps of the area. In recent years data returned by Earth satellites have led to several notable discoveries, as, for example, drainage patterns in the Sahara, which are relics of a period whenthis region was not arid. Scientific curiosity, the desire to understand better the nature of the Earth, is a major motive for exploring its subsurface regions. Another key motive is the prospect of economic profit. Improved standards of living have increased the demand for water, fuel, and other materials, creating economic incentives. Pure knowledge has often been a by-product of profit-motivated exploration; by the same token, substantial economic benefits have resulted from the quest for scientific knowledge. Many surface and subsurface exploratory projects are undertaken with the aim of locating：（1） oil and gas accumulations and coal beds；（2） concentrations of commercially important minerals（ores of iron, copper, and uranium） and deposits of building materials（sand, gravel, etc.）；（3）recoverable groundwater；（4）various rock types at different depths for engineering planning； （5） geothermal reserves； and （6） archaeological features. Concern for safety has prompted extensive searches for possible hazards before major construction projects are undertaken.Undersea explorationThe objectives of undersea exploration are to describe and understand the ocean waters, the seafloor, and the Earth beneath. Included in the scope of study are the physical and chemical properties of seawater, all manner of life in the sea, and the geological and geophysical features of the Earths crust. Researchers in the field define and measure such properties；prepare maps in order to identify patterns； and utilize these maps,measurements,and theoretical models to achieve a better grasp of how the Earth works as a whole. This knowledge enables scientists to predict, for example, long-term weather and climatic changes and leads to more efficient exploration and exploitation of the Earths resources,which in turn result in better management of the environment in general. The multidisciplinary expedition of the British ship “Challenger” in 1872-76 was the first major undersea survey. Since the time of the “Challenger” voyage, scientists have learned much about the mechanics of the ocean, what it contains, and what lies below its surface. In the area of geology, undersea exploration of the topography of the seafloor and its gravitational and magnetic properties has led to the recognition of global patterns of continental plate motion. These patterns form the basis of the concept of late tectonics,which synthesized earlier hypotheses of continental drift and seafloor spreading. As noted earlier, this concept not only revolutionized scientific understanding of the Earths dynamic features（e.g.,seismic activity, mountain-building, and volcanism）but alsoyielded discoveries of economic and political impact.Space explorationSpace exploration may be defined as the investigation, by means of spacecraft, of all the reaches of the universe beyond the atmosphere of the Earth. Spacecraft, vehicles that operate above the Earths atmosphere, include sounding rockets, Earth satellites, and lunar,planetary, and deep space probes. On October 4,1957,the Soviet Union launched the worlds first artificial satellite,Sputnik 1,and set in motion a series of programs of space exploration by the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union launched the first man into orbit around the Earth on April 12,1961.On July 20, 1969, the United States landed two men on the surface of the Moon. Considering the two categories of space programs, manned and unmanned, a few generalizations may be made. Spacecraft without a human being aboard have invariably pioneered explorations. They are smaller, can operate for months or years, and offer no hazard to human life. Experiments and measurements, however, are limited by the need for preplanning. In manned fights, the range of experiments is greater because judgment can be adjusted, and, perhaps, repairs can be made and equipment maintained.1. The desire to explore the unknown may be the most lasting characteristic that distinguishes man from other animals.2. Europeans have gained the lead in modern geographical exploration because they are more curious than the people of other continents. 3. Today, there still are a few areas that havent been marked on land maps because of heavy clouds, steady rain, and dense jungle vegetation.4. Knowledge about the interior of the Earth remains relatively limited.5. For the purpose of safety, possible hazards should be searched extensively before we start major construction projects.6. To find the exact positions of oil accumulations is the sole purpose of surface and subsurface exploratory projects.7. The carrying out of the unmanned space exploration program precedes that of the manned space exploration program. 8. Planetary probes are a kind of 9. has resulted in substantial economic benefits.10. The expedition made by the British ship “Challenger” in 1872-76 involves PART III . Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) 略PART IV .Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）Section ADirections：In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the 47 _ computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 48_ that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference 49_ unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry, has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from being used during“50_” stages of flight, 51 _ take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are 52 _ to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is 53_ how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emits radiation which 54_ those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable（易受损的）to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation 55_ . As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too 56._A） definiteB） incidentsC） effectsD） remainsE） criticalF） particularlyG） reluctantH） refreshingI） portableJ） enormousK） predictingL） liberalM） affectsN） equipmentO） loudSection BPassage OneDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule（嘲笑）or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work: some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating（拖延,耽搁）rescheduling their day. Laziness can actually be helpful. Some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning and researching. We should remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “wasting time”. Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness” were caused by the workers taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy”that is, taking time off for a restis good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or doctor whos simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.57. The main idea of this passage is thatA laziness is a moral sin.B laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problems.C there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyD lazy people do more careful work58. The passage states thatA laziness is a diseaseB some people appear lazy because they feel insecureC laziness is more beneficial than harmfulD a good definition of laziness is emotional illness59. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support？A The word “laziness” is sometimes applied incorrectly.B Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C Most assembly line workers are lazy.D Most insecure people are lazy.60. The final paragraph isA sensitiveB humorousC seriousD helpful61. As used in this passage, the word “fantasies” （Seventh sentence, Para 1） meansA fearB delusionsC illnessesD anxietiesPassage TwoThe fact that blind people can “see” things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about colour. If they can sense colour differences thenperhaps we, too, are affected by colour unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics （化妆品）should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of colour psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day colour with associations of energy and incentive（刺激）For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the colour of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colours, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure, red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming colour. Because of its exciting connotations（涵义）, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colours that stop the traffic dead.62. Manufacturers found out that colour affects sales.A by experience over a long period of timeB by experimenting with different coloursC by trying out colour on blind peopleD by developing the discipline of colour psychology63. Our preferences for certain colours are.A associated with the time of dayB dependent on our characterC linked with our primitive ancestorsD partly due to psychological factors64. If people are exposed to bright red, which of thefollowing things does NOT happen？A They breathe faster.B They feel afraid.C Their blood pressure rises.D Their hearts beat faster.65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？A Colour probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of.B Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communitiesC People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.D The psychology of colour is of some practical use.66. Which of the following could be the most suitable title？A The Discipline of Colour PsychologyB Colour and Its ConnotationsC The Practical Use of ColourD Colour and FeelingsPART V . Cloze (15 MIN)Directions： There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every 67 teaches the child something and the 68 are cumulative. “Upbringing” is normally used to 69 to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is 70 related to the treatment and training of the child in school,71 is usually defined by the term“ 72 ”In a society73 ours, bot