高三英语回归基础词汇复习与阅读指导(一).doc

高三英语回归基础词汇复习与阅读指导（一）编制者：杨静艳 预习单一、 学习目标1. 复习与“世界与环境”、“生物与自然”、“天气与自然灾害”相关的词组。2. 最新高考英语词汇表page1-20重点词组再复习。3. 阅读理解解题技巧之“判断代词的指代关系”与“推断单词的语境含义”。二、 单词按照话题归类复习话题一：世界与环境大洲： Oceania, Antarctica, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America大洋：the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean国家：national, nationality, border, country, nation, state城市：capital, citizen, port, downtown, urban, city, rural环境：（污染类）acid rain, carbon dioxide, global warming, greenhouse effect, noise, poison, pollution, radiation, rubbish, shortage, waste, pollute, bare, noisy, poisonous, severe;（保护类）air, alternative energy, atmosphere, balance, ecology, environment, fuel, protection, rainforest, reservation, resource, preserve, protect, recycle, reserve, effective, solar人口：population, starve, birth rate, death rate话题二：生物与自然植物：（花草树木）bamboo, branch, flower, grass, leaf, root, seed, tree, trunk;（相关动词与短语）absorb, come out, harvest, sow, grow, pick, plant;（其他）growth, oxygen动物：（名称）animal, beast, butterfly, cattle, dinosaur, eagle, giraffe, goose, insect, kangaroo, lamb, mosquito, mouse, pest, shark, squirrel, whale, zebra; （肢体部位）claw, feather, fur;（相关动词）case, feed, howl, hunt, trap, ark;（其他）fierce, wild微生物：bacterium, virus自然地貌：（江河湖海）bay, canal, coast, harbour, ocean, strait, stream, island, lake, river, shore;（山地沙漠）continent, desert, jungle, plain, range, soil, valley, mountainous, field, forest, mountain, rock话题三：天气与自然灾害天气：（寒冷天气）freeze, freezing, frost, ice, snow, wind, cold, snowy, windy;（温热天气）warmth, fresh, mild, heat, clear, dry, fine, hot, sunny, warm;（云雨天气）shower, thunder, thunderstorm, lightning, pour, damp, fog, mist, foggy, cloudy, rain, rainbow, storm, cloudy, cool, rainy, wet, downpour;（其他）climate, forecast, changeable, terrible, weather自然灾害：（名称）earthquake, flood, hurricane, volcano, typhoon, fire;（相关动词）blow, burn, burst, destroy, erupt, predict, rescue, ruin, shake, supply, survive, die;（其他）damage, danger, death, disaster, nature, survival, victim; muddy, natural, ash, dangerous课堂单三、 重点词组回顾复习最新高考英语词汇复习(page 1-20)1. 有做某事的能力_2. 去国外深造_3. 即将做某事突然_4. 对感到好奇_5. 国内外的新闻_6. 缺席会议_7. 全神贯注于书本_8. 富含_9. 从他很重的口音来判断_10. 可以自由使用这些电脑_11. 说明/ 解释的原因_12. 指责/ 控告某人某事_13. 习惯于早起_14. 达到目标_15. 和相识，结识_16. 采取行动_17. 正在做当场被抓_18. 参加课后活动_19. 根据改编_20. 增添了困难_21. 沉迷于网络游戏_22. 入场券_23. 那不允许有任何耽搁。_24. 利用，占的便宜_25. 我买不起这套房子。_26. 违背自然_27. 我不适合吃海鲜。_28. 达成协议，达成共识_29. 以为目标_30. 提前完成这一项目_四、 阅读理解解题技巧练习“判断代词的指代关系”与“推断单词的语境含义”判断代词的指代关系一般说来，this, that, it, they, them, one等代词指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。(1) 安徽卷 People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the worlds wood supply.77. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A. We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C. People have a strong desire for resources. D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.(2) 四川卷 Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.62. The underline word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ”. A. the energy benefit B. the forest loss C. climate change D. burning ethanol(3) 浙江卷 First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet take a real pounding(重击) running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesnt kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.57. The underlined word “them” most probably refers to_.A. heart attacks B. back problems C. famous joggersD. physical weaknesses(4) 陕西卷 Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.46. The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .A. beauties B. photos C. goods D. events推断单词的语境意义解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思。另外，有以下几个小技巧：(1)根据接近或递进关系：由and或or等来确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。(2)根据选择或相对关系：对比or (或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。(3)根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等解释说明来推测其意思。(4)根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。表示转折的词有but, however, otherwise, though等，表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；另外，有时分号也可以表示转折、对比关系。(5)根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果；也可由果推因。表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。(6)根据列举实例：根据such as, for example等后列举的实例推测出前面某个词语的意思。注意：考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项一般不会是要选择的正确答案。(1) 江苏卷 So the main issue in using your time well is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.56. The underlined word “ally” in Para.3 most likely means somebody or something that is _.A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you(2) 四川卷 July 21st , 2007 was a typical English summers day it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids werent with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. 46. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean? A. Wrong. B. Missing. C. Right. D. Found.(3) 辽宁卷 A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.76. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. an act of stealing B. something delicious C. something very cheap D. an act of buying(4) 辽宁卷 Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.74. What does “glycol” in underlined word “glycoprotein” in the this paragraph mean?A. sugar B. ice C. blood D. molecule(5) 山东卷 Theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.68. The underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. discourage B. remove C. benefit D. free(6) 天津卷 We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring. Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees.58. The underlined word “skeptical” in Parag