2017年高中常用词汇辨析.doc

这些词或短语都有“发生”的意思，都不可以用于被动语态，但用法各不相同，区别如下：take place表示“发生”，一般指事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。通常指“（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生。”Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.此外还有“举行”之意。The concert takes place next Thursday.happen作“发生”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。A storm happened across the river in another country.此外还有“碰巧”之意。I happened to see him on my way home.= It happened that I saw him on my way home.= It happened that I saw him on my way home.occur作“发生”解，其意义相当于 happen。What has occurred? (= What has happened? )A big earthquake occurred (= happened) in the south of China last month.此外还有“想到、突然想起”之意。It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house.温馨提示：Sth. occur to sb./ it occur to sb. that“某人突然想起”come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about.Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.Do you know how the air accident came about?break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生。A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.练习：B 1. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 08福建A 2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer_ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 05安徽D 3. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 06全国1D 4. -Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to him. Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happened 05江西D 5. I dont know whether you happen_ , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 04辽宁C 6. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _ . A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 06安徽C 7. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 10陕西A 8. I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly. A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 06广东C 9. Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came osuffer经受，使遭受（坏事，不愉快的事），其宾语一般是loss, pain, punishment, defeat, wrong, hardship, torture, grief, injustice, discouragement, disappointment等。I will not suffer such conduct. 我不能容忍这种行为。They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大损失。suffer from因而痛苦1. suffer from+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为受苦。She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。Im suffering from a lack of time this week.我为这周时间不够用而苦。2. suffer from+自然灾害suffer from drought 遭受旱灾；suffer from floods 遭受水灾注：有时二者区别不大，可换用。suffer hunger 挨饿； suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫let alone, not to speak of, still less 等更不用说Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, _ the same company.A) all else B) much worse C) less likely D) let alone这道题的答案是D。题目的意思是:今天,越来越少的人愿意在同一领域工作一辈子,更不用说在同一家公司了。let alone是一个固定短语,意思是更不用说 。又如:1. 英国人自己也常常不能确定什么是俚语,更不用说外国人了。Englishmen themselves are often uncertain what is slang and what isnt, let alone foreigners.(英汉大词典)2. 他连买一辆旧汽车的钱都不够,更不用说买一辆新的了。He didnt even have enough money to buy a used car, let alone a new one. (英语惯用短语词典)3. 这婴儿连走路都不会,更不用说跑了。The baby cant even walk, let alone run.(简明英语短语辞典)除let alone外,更不用说在英语中还可用其它一些短语来表达,常见的有not to speak of, not to mention, to say nothing of, much/still/even less, much/still more等。现结合例句简介如下:一not to speak of (后接名词)1. 他的朋友和同事都会为此事难过,更不用说他的父母了。His friends and colleagues will be very upset, not to speak of his parents. (英汉大词典)2. 这位学者精通拉丁语,至于他的本族语-英语就更不用说了。The scholar is well versed in Latin, not to speak of English which is his native language.(英语惯用短语辞典)3. 他会说德语和法语,更不用说英语了。He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.(最新高级英汉词典)二 not to mention或without mentioning (后接名词)1. 他们连法国香槟酒也端来给我们喝,更不用说平常的鸡尾酒了。We were served French champagne, not to mention usual cocktail.(英汉大词典)2. 这孩子算术还没学会,更不用说代数了。The boy has not learnt arithmetic, not to mention algebra.(新英汉词典)3. 大人小孩都不赞成这个建议,更不用说年轻人了。Old folks and children alike are all against the proposal , not to mention the youth.(英汉六用词典)三 to say nothing of (后接名词或动名词)1. 这个句子别扭得很,更不用说它语义晦涩了。This sentence is very awkward, to say nothing of its being obscure. (简明英语短语辞典)2. 许多人受了重伤,更不用说房屋的毁坏了。Many people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. (最新高级英汉词典)四much/still/even less (后接代词动词或句子)1. 我想都未想到它,更不用说讲到它了。I never think of it, much less say it.(英语惯用短语辞典)2. 她连自己的工作都不能及时完成,更不用说帮助别人了。She cant finish her own work in time, even less help others.(英语惯用法大词典)3. 他看都看不懂英语,更不用说教了。He cant read English; still less can he teach it.(英汉六用词典)五never mind(常用于口语)I cant walk, never mind run.我连走都不行,更不用说跑了。(英汉大词典)六much/ still more(用于肯定句,后接名词或介词短语)1. 她法语都懂,英语就更不用说了。She knows French, much more English. (最新高级英汉词典)2. 他对我很和善,更不用说对我哥哥了。He is kind to me, still more to my elder brother.(英语惯用短语词典)七、much/ still less(后接动词或句子)1. 她连饮料都不愿喝一杯,更别提留下吃饭了。She wouldnt take a drink, much less stay for dinner.(英汉大词典)2. 法语不是法国人的私有财产,英语就更不成其为英国人的私有财产了。French is not the private property of Frenchmen, and still less is English the private property of Englishmen.(英汉大词典)much less, still less引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定。less是由little的否定意义而来的，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，意为更不用说、更不必说。to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone这四个词组意为更不消说，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与much less和still less有所不同，这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义。如果前一句是否定，则追加的也是否定意义。We have no room for another house guest, let alone an entire family.she cant boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.He was too tired to walk, let alone run.The father cant even discipline himself much less setting a good example to his children.想一想：这句话中的much less为什么不能用let例句辨异Dont give him anymore stress. Hes had a difficult day.别再给他增加压力！一天够难为他的了。Dont give him anymore pressure. He cant work any faster.别再对他施压了!他无法再快了。词义辨析以上两个词中文意思相近，有时多少可以互相替换使用，但一般情况下应该使用