机械常用英语词汇.doc

材 料aluminum铝austenitic stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢babbit巴氏合金borazon(=boron nitride)氮化硼brass黄铜bronze青铜carbide硬质合金carburizing steel渗碳钢CBN(cubic boron nitride)立方氮化硼ceramic陶瓷的chrome molybdenum steel铬钼钢composite material复合材料ferritic stainless steel铁素体不锈钢ferrous material黑色金属hard alloy硬质合金high carbon steel高碳钢high speed steel高速钢malleable cast iron可锻铸铁manganese steel锰钢nitriding steel(=nitrided steel)氮化钢（渗碳钢）non-ferrous material有色金属organic material有机化合物sintered alloy金属陶瓷合金stainless chromium steel不锈铬钢stainless steel不锈钢tungalloy 钨合金tungsten钨white cast iron白口铸铁工 具Adjustable(monkey wrench)活动扳手allen key内六角扳手allen wrench内六角扳手box spanner(wrench)梅花扳手die handle(wrench)丝攻扳手diestock扳牙扳手double-head box-wrench双头梅花扳手double-head wrench双头开口扳手hex wrench六角扳手hook spanner钩头扳手open end wrench开口扳手socket wrench套筒扳手spanner(wrench)活动扳手tap wrench丝锥扳手torque indicating扭力显示扳手wrench opening扳手口cross-bladed screwdriver十字起子flat-bladed screwdriver一字起子flat screw 平头改锥螺丝刀phillips screw十字螺丝刀turn screw螺丝起子benchwork钳工cutting pliers (nippers)克丝钳long-noes pliers尖嘴钳hand vice手虎钳parallel-jaw vice平口虎（台）钳vice bench钳工台、虎钳台vice/vise虎钳dead-smooth file油光锉round file圆锉smooth file细锉square file方锉flat file扁锉half-round file半圆锉three-square file/triangular file三角锉dividing head分度头honing stone油石drill chuck钻夹头drill jig/jig bush(ing)钻套emery paper砂纸hammer榔头hand hammer手锤hand saw手锯chisel凿子copper hammer铜锤Morse taper shank莫氏锥柄puller拔出器bearing extractor/puller轴承拔出器punch洋冲quill顶尖套rotating center/live center活顶尖steel tape钢卷尺index change gears分度挂轮index plate分度盘lathe center顶尖threading die扳牙three jaw chuck三爪卡盘chuck卡盘clearance gauge(=gage)/feeler gauge塞规depth gauge深度尺dial indicator(gauge)千分表feeler gauge塞尺profile gauge /template样板flat plate/plate平板gauge block块规micrometer千分尺micrometer caliper千分尺slide gauge/vernier caliper游标卡尺datum surface基准平板locating pin/dowel pin /alignment定位销mandrel/arbor芯轴ammeter安培表multimeter万用表ohmmeter欧姆表voltmeter伏特表round shankstraight shankcylindric(al) shank圆柱柄标准件angular ball bearing向心球轴承angular-contact ball bearing向心推力球轴承ball bearing滚珠轴承ball thrust bearing推力球轴承combined thrust and radial bearing径向推力轴承needle bearing滚针轴承plain roller bearing圆柱滚子轴承radial and thrust bearing向心推力轴承radial bearing向心轴承self-aligning bearing自动调心轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承thrust bearings止推轴承bolt螺栓CSK. Screw = countersink screw沉头螺栓hex bolt六角螺栓lifting bolt吊环螺栓SOC. Head cap SCR.= socket head cap screw内六角螺栓socket bolt内六角螺栓stud foundation bolt地脚螺栓cheese-head screw /cap screw圆头螺钉countersink screw埋头螺钉countersunkhead screw沉头螺钉eyebolt吊环螺钉hex head screw六角螺钉hexagon screw六角螺钉hexagon-socket head screw内六角头螺钉hex-socket head screw内六角螺钉lock screw锁紧螺钉roundhead screw半圆头螺钉screw螺circular nut圆螺母/并帽HEX. Nut = hexagon nut六角螺母hold nut固定螺帽lock nut锁紧螺母spacer垫片Washer (spring )垫圈cotter pin开口销crankpin曲柄销dimand loc. pin菱形销dowel pin圆柱销dowels定位销flush pin埋头销loc.定位销pin销split pin开口销taper pin圆锥销tangential key切向键woodruff key半圆键hex六角lifting ring吊环retaining ring挡圈screw locking element锁紧垫圈机械加工bent tool弯头车刀form tool成形车刀offset tool偏头车刀recessing tool切槽车刀single-point threading tool螺纹车刀turning tool外圆车刀core drill扩孔钻counterbore沉孔锪孔钻countersink drill埋头钻flat drill扁钻fluted twist drill麻花钻twist drill麻花钻shanktype core drill带柄扩孔钻solid drill整体钻spade drill扁平钻spotting drill中心钻dovetail cutter燕尾铣刀endmill立铣刀inserted-blade milling cutter镶片铣刀key-seat milling cutter键槽铣刀side milling cutter三面刃圆铣刀t-slot milling cutterT型铣刀expansion hand reamer可调式手铰刀hand reamer手铰刀reamer铰刀knurl滚花knurling tool滚花刀lapping研磨scraper刮刀three square scraper三角刮刀tap & die丝攻hard carbide tool硬质合金刀具Allowance for machining加工余量blind hole盲孔brittleness易碎chamfer/fillet倒角counterbore c/bore沉孔counterbored hole沉孔counterboring沉孔锪孔cutting force切削力depth of cut切削深度drilling钻ream铰lapping compound研磨剂major flank主后（刀）面minor flank副后（刀）面negative rake负前角chisel edge横刃non-corrosive耐腐蚀eccentric偏心chip room(space)(刀具的)排屑槽excellent wear resistancefragibilityfragilenesshigh metal-removal ratesregrindableresharpenable机械传动boring镗床broaching拉床centreless grinding无心磨床chucker六角车床drilling钻床grinding磨床lathe车床milling铣床puncher冲床BSP管螺纹double-start thread双头螺纹fine(pitch) thread细牙螺纹inch-system thread英制螺纹inside diameter内径internal thread内螺纹lead of thread导程lead screw/ball screw丝杆Leveling screw校平螺旋major diameter of thread螺纹大径pitch diameter of thread螺纹中径minor diameter of thread螺纹小径metrie thread公制螺纹pipe thread管螺纹tapered screw thread锥螺纹thread profile牙形threads螺纹arbor(主、心、柄)轴axis轴线base plate底座belt pulley皮带轮bevel gear锥齿轮blank毛坯bore孔bracket托架burr毛刺bushing plate钻模板c/sk锥孔CCW = counter clock wise（anticlockwise）逆时针center-to-center spacing中心距change speed变速chip chute铁屑槽CM=corrective maintance设备保养cone drive锥轮console控制台、操作台cooperation part外协件core shift偏心coupling联轴器CW（clockwise）顺时针derusting除锈det. = detail零件deviation from centre偏心距dim=dimension尺寸dimple凹坑distributor分配器drive主动driven从动eccentric clamp偏心夹紧机构element部件、构件end轴向，端finish精加工flange法兰friction摩擦gear train齿轮系general overhavl大修gib镶条、塞铁grease润滑脂headstock床头箱hole spacing孔距honing珩磨horizontal卧式impact冲击joint face结合面keyway键槽knob旋钮laterally横向、从侧面lever杠杆lithium-based grease锂基润滑脂longitudinal轴向的master主（总）控制mating联接的、配合的micron微米mount安装mounting安装、装配mounting flange安装法兰muffler消音器multi-tool多刀multi-wheel多砂轮nipple螺纹接头nominal size标称尺寸notches槽nut拧O.L. = overall length总长orifice小孔overall dimension外形尺寸overtravel超（越）程P/F = power/freepad垫片part-section drawing局部剖视图pinion小齿轮pitch间距planer switchplanetary gears mech行星齿轮啮合pulley皮带轮rack齿条reject rate废品率retainer保持架rib加强筋riffling链条rivet铆接rocker摇臂runner螺帽runt跳动schematically示意图score划痕scrap / waste报废scrap view局部视图self-centeringsemi-finish半精加工shiny磨损silencer消音器spindle主轴spline有花键的sprockets正时皮带轮stock备料、毛坯stop挡块subplate底板support plunger支撑柱taper锥形tappet挺杆tilt翻转transfer组合、自动线transmission box变速箱trench沟槽unit单元、装置、机构upset metal/fin飞边waste product/reject/waster废品wear adjustment微调wear out / wear磨损wearability耐磨性wearresistant耐磨的wedge斜铁，楔块wiper刮屑板work stop/stopper工作挡块workpiece工件precision精度公差与配合accuracy of form形状精度accuracy of surface position位置精度form deviation形状误差form tolerance形状公差allowable variation允差composite error综合误差cumulative error积累误差measurement accuracy测量精度measuring basis测量基准measuring error测量误差interchangeability互换性match /fit配合clearance fit间隙配合transition fit过渡配合interference fit/tight fit过盈配合camming action端跳radial runout径跳total runout全跳动surface plate基准平面tolerance range公差范围tolerance zone公差带coaxiality同轴度coaxiality concentricity同轴度coaxiality tolerance同轴度公差cylindricity圆柱度cylindricity tolerance圆柱度公差noncylindricity圆柱度误差flatness平面度flatness tolerance平面度公差nonflatness平面度误差inclination倾斜度inclination deviation倾斜度误差inclination tolerance倾斜度公差out-of-roundness圆度误差parallelism tolerance平行度公差nonparallelism平形度误差perpendicularity/squareness垂直度roundness圆度roundness/circularity圆度straightness直线度straightness tolerance直线度公差nonstraightness直线度误差symmetry对称度symmetry tolerance对称度公差nonsymmetry对称度误差eccentricityn.偏心, 古怪, 数离心率热处理Brinell hardness布氏硬度Rockwell hardness洛氏硬度Vickers hardness维氏硬度anneal退火annealing退火artificial aging人工时效carburization cementation渗碳constant temperature恒温cyanide氰化high red-hardness红硬性induction hardening高频淬火natural aging自然时效nitrid hardening氮化quench淬火quench hardening淬硬tempering回火液压flow control截流阀flow control valve调速阀overflow valve溢流阀restrictor截流阀reversing valve转换阀solenoids电磁阀spill valve溢流阀stopcock龙头、螺旋阀air bleed 通气孔blade叶片breather通气孔bypass旁通choke coil节流管crane龙头dosing nipple计量管接头drip stand集油盘ejector顶出油缸elbow弯管接头feeder加油器filter gauze滤网hand pump手压泵hose软管jack cylinder动力油缸manifold管道oil collecting tray集油盘oil drain放油嘴oil drain plug油塞oil feed进油嘴one- way单作用P.O. = pilot operated液控piston活塞pump flow泵的流量reservoir油箱rotac(t) = rotary actuator旋转激励器SCAV = scavenge回油screen滤网seal ring密封圈sealing gasket密封衬垫settling tank沉淀池spyots管接头stop cock管塞valve阀viscosity粘度汽车ABS = antilock brake system防抱死系统cab化油器cup plugs碗形塞FIAT = Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino菲亚特flow guide导流板steeples speed variation无级变速universal coupling万向联轴节电 气alternating current交流电analog to digit A/D模/数armature转子synchronization同步asynchronous异步asynchronous motor异步电动机battery socket电源插座blown（保险丝）烧断breaker断路器direct current直流电dog撞块feedback反馈fuse保险丝real power有功功率rectifier整流器regulated(stabilized)power supply稳压电源synchronous motor同步电动机transformer变压器trunk relay中间继电器useful horsepower有效功率duration持续时间，工作时间LED = light emitting diode发光二极管amber淡黄色的thumbwheel拨码开关simultanously同时external外部的blink闪烁术语fatigue疲劳fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹stress-strain diagram应力-应变图stress concentration集中应力其它access进入accordingly相应的adjacent相邻的 align调整amber淡黄色的annunciator 信号装置approx. = approximate大约cabinet柜、箱characteristics特性convenient方便CRM=counting rate meter计数表cubic立方de-energizing重复通电deenergize断开depict绘画divulgedduplicate加倍duplicate palm同时按下eliminates需要energize通电equivalent相同的、等效的erratic不稳定的evenly均匀externally外部、外面、附带的facilitate便于feather羽毛feature特点finger输送抓手flexible易（可）弯的flush冲洗GA=general arrangement总布置图gallon加仑gauge测量gauge isolator测量仪I.D.= inside diameter内径identical相同的index标志、指示、分度头indicating指示, 标志indication读数initiate开始、起始isol