数学符号及表达式英语读法.pdf

17 2 1999 H V aliaho Pronunciation of mathematical expressions The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below In general the shortest versions are preferred unless greater precision is necessary 1 Logic there exists for all p qp implies q if p then q p qp if and only if q p is equivalent to q p and q are equivalent 2 Sets x Ax belongs to A x is an element or a member of A x Ax does not belong to A x is not an element or a member of A A BA is contained in B A is a subset of B A BA contains B B is a subset of A A BA cap B A meet B A intersection B A BA cup B A join B A union B A B A minus B the diff erence between A and B A BA cross B the cartesian product of A and B 3 Real numbers x 1x plus one x 1x minus one x 1x plus or minus one xyxy x multiplied by y x y x y x minus y x plus y x y x over y the equals sign x 5x equals 5 x is equal to 5 x 5x is not equal to 5 1 x yx is equivalent to or identical with y x yx is not equivalent to or identical with y x yx is greater than y x yx is greater than or equal to y x yx is less than y x yx is less than or equal to y 0 x greater than gre t n y x is greater than y x y x is less than y x y x is greater than or equal to y x y x is less than or equal to y 0 x 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 x is greater than zero and less than 1 0 x 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 x x squared x x cubed x4x to the fourth x to the power four xnx to the n x to the nth x to the power n x nx to the minus n x to the power of minus n root x square root x the square root of x the cube root of x the fourth root of x the nth root of x x y x plus y all squared x y x over y all squared n n factorial factorial n x x percent infinity x y x varies as y x is directly proportional to y x 1 y x varies as one over y x is indirectly proportional to y x dot x double dot f x fx f of x the function of x f x f dash x the first derivative of with respect to x f x f double dash x the second derivative of f with respect to x f x f triple dash x f treble dash x the third derivative of f with respect to x f 4 f four x the fourth derivative of f with respect to x v the partial derivative of v v delta v by delta theta the partial derivative of v with respect to v delta two v by delta theta squared the second partial derivative of v with respect to dv the derivative of v dv d d v by d theta the derivative of v with respect to theta d v d d 2 v by d theta squared the second derivative of v with respect to theta integral integral from zero to infinity sum the sum from i equals 1 to n w r t with respect to logey log to the base e of y log y to the base e natural log of y therefore because gives approaches x 0 delta x approaches zero lim x 0 the limit as delta x approaches zero the limit as delta x tends to zero Lt x 0 the limit as delta x approaches zero the limit as delta x tends to zero m sec metres per second x A x belongs to A x is a member of A x is an element of A x A x does not belong to A x is not a member of A x is not an element of A A B A is contained in B A is a proper subset of B A B A is contained in B A is a subset of B A B A intersection B A B A union B cos x cos x cosine x sin x sine x tan x tangent x tan x cosec x cosec x sinh x shine x cosh x cosh x tanh x than x x mod x modulus x 18 eighteen degrees Centigrade 70 seventy degrees Fahrenheit Greek alphabet alpha lf beta bi t gamma g m delta delt epsilon epsil n zeta zi t eta i t theta i t iota a t kappa k p lamda l md mu mju nu nju xi ksa omicron m kr n pi pa rho r sigma s gm tau t upsilon j ps l n phi fa chi ka psi psa omega m g Fractions a half h f a quarter kw t three quarters ri kw t z a third d two thirds tu dz a fifth f f two fifths tu f f s three fifths ri f f s four fifths f f f s a sixth s ks five sixths fa v s ks s an eighth n e t three eighths ri e t s five eighths fa v e t s seven eighths sev n e t s Decimal Fractions 0 1 nought point one n t p nt w n 0 01 nought point oh one n t p nt w n 0 0001 nought point oh oh oh one ten p nt w n 1 1 one point one w n p nt w n 1 2 one point two w n p nt tu 1 23 one point two three w n p nt tu ri 1 0123 one point oh one two three w n p nt w n tu ri 10 01 ten point oh one ten p nt w n 21 57 twenty one point five seven twent w n p nt fa v sev n 2 6666666666 two point six recurring tu p nt s ks r k r 2 612361236123 two point six one two three recurring tu p nt s ks w n tu ri r k r 2 5 million two point five million tu p nt fa v m lj n SI Units Prefixes 10 24yocto y j kt 10 21zepto z zept 10 18atto a at 10 15femto f femt 10 12pico p pi k 10 9nano n nan 10 6micro ma kr 10 3milli m m l 10 2centi c sent 10 1deci d des 103kilo k k l 106mega M meg 109giga G gi g 1012tera T ter 1015peta P pet 1018exa E eks 1021zeta Z zet 1024yota Y j t Cardinal Numbers 1 one w n 2 two tu 3 three ri 4 four f 5 five fa v 6 six s ks 7 seven sev n 8 eight e t 9 nine na n 10 ten ten 11 eleven lev n 12 twelve twelv 13 thirteen ti n 14 fourteen f ti n 15 fifteen f f ti n 16 sixteen s kst i n 17 seventeen seven ti n 18 eighteen e ti n 19 nineteen na n ti n 20 twenty twent 21 twenty one twent w n 22 twenty two twent tu 23 twenty three twent ri 24 twenty four twent f 25 twenty five twent fa v 26 twenty six twent s ks 27 twenty seven twent sev n 28 twenty eight twent e t 29 twenty nine twent na n 30 thirty t 40 forty f t 50 fifty f ft 60 sixty s kst 70 seventy sevent 80 eighty e t 90 ninety na nt 100 a hundred one hundred h ndr d w n h ndr d 101 a hundred and one h ndr d n w n 102 a hundred and two h ndr d n tu 110 a hundred and ten h ndr d n ten 120 a hundred and twenty h ndr d n twent 200 two hundred tu h ndr d 300 three hundred ri h ndr d 400 four hundred f h ndr d 500 five hundred fa v h ndr d 600 six hundred s ks h ndr d 700 seven hundred sev n h ndr d 800 eight hundred e t h ndr d 900 nine hundred na n h ndr d 1 000 a thousand one thousand z nd w n z nd 1 001 a thousand and one z nd n w n 1 010 a thousand and ten z nd n ten 1 020 a thousand and twenty z nd n twent 1 100 one thousand one hunded w n z nd w n h ndr d 1 101 one thousand one hundred and one w n z nd w n h ndr d n w n 1 110 one thousand one hundred and ten w n z nd w n h ndr d n ten 9 999 nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine na n z nd na n h ndr d n na nt na n 10 000 ten thousand ten z nd 15 356 fifteen thousand three hundred and fifty six f fti n z nd ri h ndr d n f ft s ks 100 000 a hundred thousand h ndr d z nd 1 000 000 a million m lj n 100 000 000 a hundred million h ndr d m lj n 1 000 000 000 a billion b lj n 100 000 000 000 a hundred billion h ndr d b lj n 1 000 000 000 a trillion tr lj n Ordinal Numbers 1st first f st 2nd second sek nd 3rd third d 4th fourth f 5th fifth f f 6th sixth s ks 7th seventh sev n 8th eighth e t 9th ninth na n 10th tenth ten 11th eleventh lev n 12th twelfth twelf 13th thirteenth ti n 14th fourtheenth f ti n 15th fidteenth f f ti n 16th sixteenth s ks ti n 17th seventeenth seven ti n 18th eighteenth e ti n 19th nineteenth na n ti n 20th twentieth twent 21st twenty first twent f st 22nd twenty second twent sek nd 23rd twenty third twent d 24th twenty fourth twent f 25th twenty fifth twent f f 26th twenty sixth twent s ks 27th twenty seventh twent sev n 28th twenty eighth twent e t 29th twenty ninth twent na n 30th thirtieth t 31st thirty first t f st 数学符号的英语读法数学符号的英语读法 1 Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 1 100 以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals 罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th the tenth XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty one 21st the twenty first XXV 25 twenty five 25th the twenty fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety nine 99th the ninety ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred 102nd the one hundred and two and second 246 two hundred and forty six 751 seven hundred and fifty one 2 1000 以上的数词 1 000 one thousand 一千 10 000 ten thousand 一万 100 000 one hundred thousand 十万 1 000 000 one million 一百万 10 000 000 ten million 一千万 100 000 000 one hundred million 一亿 3 十亿以上的大数 英美有不同的读法 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million one billion 百亿 ten thousand million ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million one hundred billion 万亿 one billion one trillion 2 Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数 将分母读为序数 1 2 a or one half 1 3 a or one third 1 4 a quarter or one fouth 1 5 a or one fifth 2 3 two thirds 9 10 nine tenths 53 4 five and three quarters 15 64 fifteen over or by sixty four 15 fifteen per cent 4 four per mill 3 Decimals 小数 0 4 zero ornought point four 01 point or decimal nought one 12 34 twelve point three four 567 809 five hundred and sixty seven point eight nought nine 30 45 thirty point four five five recurring 0 3 decimal three percent 4 Mathematic Forms 数学式 1 Addition 加法 1 2 3 One and two are three 2 3 5 Two plus three equals five 4 0 4 Four and nought is equal to four 45 70 152 267 45 70 and 152 added are or make 267 the sum or total is 267 演算时的读法 Three and seven are ten I write or I write down or I put down a nought and carry one Four and one that I carry are five and eight make thirteen and three sixteen I write down six and carry one One and one that I carry are two I put down two The sum or total or the result of the addition is two hundred and sixty 37 80 and 143 added together and or make 260 2 Subtraction 减法 9 4 5 Nine minus four equals or is equal to five 15 7 8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight 23 654 8 175 15 479 8 175 take or subtracted from 23 654 leaves 15 479 The difference or The remainder is 15 479 Nine from five won t go 演算时的读法 Nought from nought leaves nought One from one leaves nought or nothing Two from three leaves one I can t take or subtract five from four I must borrow ten five from fourteen leaves nine The difference or The remainder is nine thousand one hundred 5210 take or substracted from 14 310 leaves 9 100 3 Multiplication 乘法 1 0 0 One multiplied by nought equals nought 1 1 1 Once one is one 2 1 2 Twice one is two 3 5 15 Three times five is fifteen 6 0 0 Multiply six by nothing and the result is nothing 演算时的读法 Five times nine or Nine multiplied by five are forty five I put down five and carry four Five times seven are thirty five and four that I carry are thirty nine I write down nine and carry three Five times six make thirty and three that I carry thirty three I put down thirty three Eight times nine or Eight nine are seven two I write two and carry seven Eight sevens make fifty six and seven are sixty three I put down three and carry six Eight sixes make forty eight and six fifty four I write down fifty four I now add the partial results or products Five Two and nine are eleven Three and three are six and one are seven Four and three make seven Five 4 Division 除法 9 3 3 Nine divided by three maks or is equal to three 20 5 4 Five into twenty goes four times 4567 23 198 余 13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times and 13 remainder The quctient is 198 and 13 remainder 演算时的读法 Fifteen into thirteen won t go fifteen into one hundred and thirty eight goes nine times nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty five one hundred and thirty five from one hundred and thirty eight leaves three I bring down seven fifteen into thirty seven goes twice twice fifteen are thirty thirty from thirty seven leaves seven The exact quotient is ninety two and seven remainder 15 into 1387 goes 92 times and 7 remainder 5 Time 时间 1 Hours 钟点 2h 5 8 two hours five minutes eight seconds 2 小时 5 分 8 秒 6 18 six eighteen 6 时 18 分 8 30 a m eight thirty a m ei em 上午 8 时 30 分 the 6 05 p m train the six nought five p m pi em train 下午6时零5 分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下 0900 0 nine hunderd 上午 9 时 0910 0 nine ten 上午 9 时 10 分 1300 thirteen hundred 13 时 下午 1 时 1525 fifteen twenty five 15 时 25 分 下午 3 时 25 分 2000 twenty hundred 20 时 下午 8 时 at 5 o c at five o clock 五点钟 2 Date 日期 Oct 1 October first 10 月 1 日 Oct 1st October the first 10 月 1 日 Ist Oct 1949 teh first of October nineteen forty nine 1949年10月1日 3 5 英 May the third 5 月 3 日 美 March fifth 3 月 5 日 附注 联系日期前置词用 on 3 Year 年份 684 B C Six eighty four B C bi si 公元前 684 年 1960 nineteen sixty nineteen hundred and sixty 19 nineteen something 1950 s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 附注 联系年份的前置词用 in 6 Numbers 号码 1 Telephones Numbers电话号码 1023 one O two three ten twenty three 1227 one double two or two two seven 0386 O three eight six 0096 double O or O O nine six 7000 seven O double O seven thousand No 26 Number 26 第 26 号 Room 201 Room two O one 第 201 房间 10 Changan Street Ten Changan Street 长安街 10 号 2 Writings 书籍作品 Vol I Volume one or the first volume 卷一 Chap II Chapter two or the second chapter 第 2 章 Page 3 page Three or the third page 第 3 页 See pp 5 10 See Pages five to ten 见第 5 10 页 Act V Act five or the fifth act 第 5 幕 Hamlet III 1 56 Hamlet Act Three Secene One Line fifty six 哈姆雷 特 第 3 幕第一场第 56 行 Matt 7 12 Matthew Chapter Seven Verse Twelve 马可福音 第七 章第 12 节 Beethoven Op 49 Beethoven Opus forty nine 贝多芬作品第 49 号 4to quarto 四本开 8vo octavo 八本开 3 Other 其他 World War I World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr Mr Dash Mr So and so 某某先生 Mr B Mr B Esq of the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某 先生 the town of the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3 0 比赛结果是三比零 7 Money 货币 1 British currency 英币 6d six pence 六便士 1 2d a halfpenny 半便士 11 2d a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence 一便士半 1 4d a farthing 一个铜元 33 4d three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s 6d or 1 6 one shilling and six pence 一先令六便士 1 18 or 1 18s one pound eighteen shillings 一镑十八先令 1 3s 6d one pound three shillings and sixpence 4 51 2 or4s 51 2d four shillings and five pence halfpenny 2 U S currency 1 20 dollar and twenty cents 美金一元二角 4 25 four dollars twenty five cents 美金四元二角五分 3 Soviet currency 前苏联币 6 Rb 15 six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比 4 German currency 德币 1 m 60 one mark sixty pfennig 马克六十芬尼 5 French currency 法国币 1 fr 30 one franc thirty centimes 法郎三十生丁 0 fr 15 fifteen centimes 十五生丁 6 Chinese People s Currency 人民币 1 50 one yuan and a half 一元五角 JMP 10 35 JMP ten yuan thirty five fen 人民币十元三角五分 附注 yuan 单复数没有变化 也可作为日本本位币 圆 的符号 8 Weight and Measures 度量衡 1 length area and volume 长度 面积和容积 3 in three inches 三英寸 15 ft 5 in fifteen foot five inches 十五英尺五英寸 附注 尤其在 inches 省略时 ft 读作 foot 如果 inches 也念出来 ft 可 以读作 fett 18 6 5 1 eighteen foot six and a fifth inches 10 8feet ten by eight feet 十英尺长 八英尺宽 5 4 31 2 five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸 宽四英 寸 高三英寸半 附注 以上二例中 乘号 表示面积或容积 2 Weight 重量 12dr 23 gr Twelve drams twenty three grains 十二打兰二十三喱 10 oz 4dr Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰 3 Capacity 容量 3 gi three gills 三及耳 1 qt 1 pt one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱 附注 qt pt 的复数是 qts pts 也可以不加 s 20 gal 5 qt Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱 5 bu 3 pk Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克 符号的英文读法 period 句号 is approximately equal to 约等于号 comma 逗号 is less than 小于号 colon 冒号 is more than 大于号 semicolon 分号 is not less than 不小于号 exclamation 惊叹号 is not more than 不大于号 question mark 问号 is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 hyphen 连字符 is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 apostrophe 省略号 所有格符号 per cent 百分之 dash 破折号 per mill 千分之 single quotation marks 单引号 infinity 无限大号 double quotation marks 双引号 varies as 与 成比例 parentheses 圆括号 square root 平方根 square brackets 方括号 since because 因为 French quotes 法文引号 书名号 hence 所以 ellipsis 省略号 equals as proportion 等于 成比例 tandem colo