2011中考英语书面表达应对策略及必背范文.doc

2011中考英语书面表达应对策略及必背范文【考点扫描】 书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2、看图作文；3、根据汉语提示作文。 无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【名师解难】一. 训练方法1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。 二. 应试策略1. 审题目：要切中题意。中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。4）注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：1）表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or 2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however 3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that 4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that 6）表示列举的：for example , such as 7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking (6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。6.改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：1）格式是否有错。2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。5）标点错误。6）人称是否用错。三. 注意事项书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。1保护环境是人类永恒的话题，随着环境的日益恶化，自然灾害越来越多，近来地震的破坏也日益频繁，尤其是近日日本发生的大地震，使得我们认为人类赖以生存的地球已经面临严重的威胁。如何保护环境就成为人类最重要的任务之一，人人应该有责任保护环境保护我们这个地球家园。请以“How to Protect the Environment”为题写一篇短文，阐述我们应该如何从身边做起来保护环境内容提示：1 环境的现状：越来越糟糕，自然灾害(natural disasters）越来越多，地震的危害严重威胁到了人类的安全； 2 好的环境能给人类带来健康和快乐，改善环境意味着保护人类自己，提高生活质量 3 环境保护的具体建议：要点自己拟定注意： 1 语句准确、流畅，内容要点完整 2 可根据实际情况适当发挥 3 字数：80-100个词左右。_范文 How to Protect the Environment The environment is getting worse and worse. More and more natural disasters are appearing, and there have been so many strong earthquakes recently in the world, especially in Japan. Good environment can make people feel happy and fit. To improve the environment means improving our life. We mustnt cut down trees. Instead, we should plant more trees and flowers around us. Also, we should stop factories from pouring waste water into rivers and giving off waste gas into the air. Whenever we see litter on the ground, we should pick it up and throw it into dustbins. Never spit in public. Dont draw on public walls. Its everyones duty to protect the environment.2假定你是李华，最近你们班就“低碳”生活方式进行了讨论，你的美国朋友Jack来信向你询问讨论情况，请你用英语写封回信，简单参照作文地带介绍的以下讨论结果：1.节水节电；2.垃圾分类；3.少用纸巾，重拾手帕；4.步行，骑自行车或乘坐公交车。参考词汇：低碳low carbon 纸巾tissue注意：词数100以内(不含开头和结尾所给出的字数)；可适当增加细节了，以使行文连贯；开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Jack,Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle. Here is something about it._Best wishes,Li Bing参考范文：Dear Jack,Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle. Here is something about it. We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low carbon life. First, wed better turn off lights if possible and spend less time watching TV or surfing the Internet. Saving water also matters much. Besides, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some, which will surely benefit us a great deal. ln addition, we suggest using handkerchiefs instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from being cut down. More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which contributes to a cleaner world.3随着互联网的发展和普及，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，甚至已经成了我们日常生活的一部分了；相信同学们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了，比如淘宝网，京东商城等；但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢？ 请写一篇短文，谈谈网上购物的好处与坏处。_参考范文：We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these days. Some students think its very convenience for us to go shopping on the internet. The shop on Internet for example , 360 are open for almost 24 hours a day so we can buy something we want at any time if we like. Whats more, we neednt to wait in a queue.However, some students disagreed with them. we cant see the things while we are shopping. so we are not sure whether they are good or not. Besides, we cant enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends. 4许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力,为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题,你们班特意开展了一次以Less Pressure, Better Life为主题的英语演讲比赛,请你准备发言稿,谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法,与同学分享,内容包括:同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；我的压力是什么；我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。注意:文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。词数80100；短文的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。Less Pressure, Better LifeHello, boys and girls!Pressure is a serious problem in todays world. Students in our class are under too much pressure. _Thats all. Thank you!参考范文:Less Pressure, Better LifeHello, boys and girls!Pressure is a serious problem in todays world. Students in our class are under too much pressure. Some students cant get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams. Im always under pressure, too. My parents want me to be the top student in class. So they send me to all kinds of after-classes at weekends. Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother. I told her I was not lazy. I really felt tired. I needed time to relax. My mother agreed with me at last. So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem.Thats all. Thank you!5最近，你班同学就“父母是不是最好的老师”这一话题展开了讨论。有些人认为父母是最好的老师，有些人认为也不尽然。请根据下表提示，写一篇短文介绍讨论结果以及你的个人观点。观点原因同意不完全同意1教会如何生活过分溺爱2指出缺点，指明方向强加兴趣、价值观3教会富有爱心希望值过高要求：1、根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文通顺连贯； 2、词数110左右； 3、开头已给出，不计入单词总数。Recently, we have had a discussion in our class about whether parents are our best teachers. Some students _ _ 【参考范文】Recently, we have had a discussion in our class about whether parents are our best teachers. Some students agree to the point because they think parents help to point out their mistakes in their lives. They teach them a lot about how to live a meaningful life. Whats more, parents love helps to teach them how to love others. So parents are their most important teachers. However, not all of us hold the same views. Some think that their parents give them too much love, and they are too eager to pass on their values and interests to them. Moreover, their parents sometimes expect too much of them, which makes them feel their goals too difficult to reach. In my opinion, parents are our important teachers. But parents should also try to understand their children more and limit the generation gap. 6. 请根据下表中提供的信息，用英语写一篇报道中国成功地发射了“嫦娥二号”探月卫星的短文。词数：80左右。发射时间、地点2010年10月1日晚10月1日西昌卫星发射中心背景1.它的建造技术基建与嫦娥一号，并且它有一些改进，比如更高分辨率的摄像头。2.它将会持续120小时在月球表面100公里的高度环绕。 意义 1.得到详细的月球表面数据2.标志着中国的科技发展达到了较高水平 参考词汇：绕月卫星 circumlunar satellite嫦娥2号 Change-2 lunar probe; Change-2 lunar satellite月球探测卫星 lunar probe; lunar exploration satellite; lunar orbiter 收集月球表面数据 collect lunar surface data_ _参考范文 Change 2 is scheduled for launch on October 1st, 2010, the national day of China. Change 2 is Chinas second lunar orbiter. It is modeled after Change 1 with some improvements including a better camera with higher resolution. Change 2 will be traveling 100 kilometers above the moon for 120 hours. Its goal is to collect lunar surface data. Change 2 is scheduled for launch on October 1st, 2010, the national day of China. All this shows that the development of science and technology in China has reached a high level. In the future, I believe that we will explore the universe further and further.72011年全国实施公共场所禁烟规定，针对这一话题，某中学对该校学生的吸烟情况进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请就此话题用英语写一篇短文。要求：1. 对调查结果进行描述； 2表明自己的看法并提出建议； 3词数在80左右。提示词: do a survey about(做一个有关的调查) 3% of the students (百分之三的学生) _参考范文A survey about smokers in a middle school tells that although 90% of all students never smoke, 3% of them often smoke and 7% sometimes do. In other words, 10% of the students smoke. Thats terrible.As we know, smoking is harmful to our health. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of it. Smoking not only does harm to your health, but also wastes money. Because, a fire may be caused by cigarette ends. Its a pity to learn that one ends in death by smoking.In all, smoking is so dangerous that we should keep away from it.8据报道，从2011年开始韩国除了向所有小学和初高中学生发放纸质的语文、英语、数学教科书之外，同时还将发放光盘形式的电子教科书。这表明，在韩国，电子图书即将走进寻常百姓家。某英文论坛发起了一次主题为“E-Books, Good or Bad?”的讨论，请你写一篇80词左右的短文，表达你对这件事情的看法。_参考范文： E-Books Are GoodIts reported that school students in Korea will use e-books from 2011. What good news this is! E-books have many advantages. Most importantly, they are good for the environment, since they can save lots of paper and trees. Besides, they are very convenient. To get a paper book, one has to spend a lot of time searching for it in a bookshop. But we can find e-books very quickly on the computer. In short, e-books can make us enjoy life better.92011年初，我国南方大部分地区遭受冻雨（freezing rain），特别是贵州、湖南和四川，灾情失分严重。公路、铁路、机场都被迫关闭，电网瘫痪。冻灾致使贵州40万人饮水难，四川两电厂停运。部分山区人民生活异常困难，在各级政府的带领下，人民群众、解放军战士英勇抗击冰灾，涌现出大批可歌可泣的英雄事迹。作为一名中学生，你有何感想？有何打算？能不能改变这种状态？_参考范文As we know, our country suffered heavy ice early 2011. Everything was covered with freezing rain. Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan suffered the most. It made the buses, trains and planes stop. The disas