山东省济南市2018年中考英语复习-第二部分-聚焦济南-题型六-阅读理解试题.doc

阅读理解聚焦济南(2017济南学考). 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。(15分)AOnce upon a time, there was a young man. He lived in a small village. He was the only child in his family, so his parents loved him very much and did everything for him. He just hung out every day, doing nothing. One day, he met an old man in his village. The old man asked him, “My boy, why dont you work hard to achieve something when you are young？”The young man replied without care, “Why do I have to be in a hurry? Im young, so I have plenty of time! Besides, I havent made any plans for my future yet. ”“Time waits for no man！” the old man said. Then he asked the young man to go into a dark house with him. “I cant see anything！” the young man said. The old man lit a match and said to the young man, “Before the match goes out, pick something in the house as you like. ”By the weak light, the young man tried to see the things in it. But before he found something, the match went out, and the house became dark again at once. “Before I could get something, the match had gone out，” the young man said angrily. The old man said, “My boy, your youth(青春) is like the burning match, which can only last for a short time. So you shouldnt waste your time！”71The young man lived in a Asmall city Bsmall villageCbig city Dbig town72The old man asked the young man why he didnt Awork hard Bhang outCplay games Ddo homework73The old man led the young man into a dark Ashop Bmuseum Chouse Dkitchen74What did the young man pick before the match went out? ( )AA ring. BA watch. CA picture. DNothing. 75What can we learn from this story？( )AYouth is like a burning match. BIts dangerous to light matches. CYoung people have much time. DWe should look after ourselves. B Nowadays, we are having a much busier life, and we are using our eyes far more than ever before. So we often have tired eyes after a days work or study. Here are some good methods of protecting eyes against tiredness to keep them healthy. POSTURE(坐姿) Get into the habit of paying attention to the way you sit. Try to stick to the proper posture that doctors suggest. HELPFUL PICTURES There are some special pictures online that can help relax your eyes. You may download such pictures to your computer or smartphone. When there is nothing far away you can look at to relax your eyes, you can use one of these pictures. A picture with something like a tunnel(隧道) in it is quite popular. Try to look as far into the tunnel as you can for 30 seconds(秒). Do you feel any better? BREAKS The 202020 rule: take a break from the screen every 20 minutes for 20 seconds and look at something 20 feet(about 6 meters) away. EYE EXERCISES Step 1. Sitting comfortably, imagine there is a clock in front of you and turn your eyes up to 12 oclock. Pause(停顿) for a second, and then lower your eyes to 6 oclock. Pause again, and then repeat this step 10 times. Complete the exercise by cupping your hands over your eyes for a few seconds, letting them rest in the darkness. Step 2. Look at something on the right. Keep your eyes on it and slowly turn your head to the left as far as possible. Then do the same thing on the left. Repeat the exercise a couple of times. Step 3. Hold your finger in front of your nose and keep looking at it. Slowly move the finger towards yourself as close as you can without losing focus(焦点). Then look outside the window as far as possible. Repeat this several times. SPORTS Table tennis is about a small ball traveling at high speedthe best sport to train your eyes and relax the muscles(肌肉) in and around the eyes. Other sports like tennis, badminton and kite flying are also great for relaxing tired eyes. 76Which of the following methods of protecting eyes is NOT mentioned in the passage？( )AHaving the proper posture. BLooking at something green. CFollowing the 202020 rule. DPlaying some kinds of sports. 77According to the passage, which of the following pictures can help relax your eyes？( )78What does the underlined word “them” refer to(指代)? ( )AYour eyes. BYour hands. CThe doctors. DThe exercises. 79As for eye exercises, which of the following is TRUE? ( )AIn Step 1, you must have a large clock in front of you. BIn Step 2, you should turn left when you look to the right. CIn Step 3, you should move you finger as far as you can. DAfter finishing each step, you should repeat it a few times. 80Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ( )AWe must take a break every 20 minutes. BHow to do eye exercises properly. CWays to protect eyes against tiredness. DPeople have tired eyes very easily. CFor years, psychologists(心理学家) have been against giving children prizes or money for their performance in school. “Outwards” prizes, they say, can undermine the joy of learning for its own good and can even lead to cheating. But many economists(经济学家) and business people disagree, and their opinions often become popular in the educational marketplace. Prize programs that pay students are underway in many cities. In some places, students can bring home hundreds of dollars for, say, taking an Advanced Placement course and having high grades in the exams. “Whether such efforts work continues to be a debate(争议)，” said Barbara Marian, an assistant professor of education at Pennsylvania State. She is against using prizes as encouragement. Among parents, it often leads to very hot discussion. And in public education, a new focus on school reform(改革) pushes researchers on both sides of the debate to make more efforts to get data(数据) that may provide information on when and whether prizes work. “We have to get beyond our biases(偏见)，” said Roland Fryer, an economist at Harvard University who is planning and testing several prize programs. “Luckily, the scientific method allows us to examine most of those biases and let the data do the talking. ” In the cash programs being studied, Roland Fryer and other economists compare the school performance of groups of students who are paid and students who are not. In the study, they find that the students who are prized get higher grades on the SAT and go to better colleges than those who are not. However, many psychologists believe that early data can be onesided. Research suggests that prizes may work in the short term but have bad influences in the long term. “Are they highly interested in what they are doing? Or does it feel like hard work? The same prize program might have different influences on different kinds of students，” said Kirabo Jackson, a famous psychologist at Cornell University. “The higher the prize is, the more harmful the result might be. ”81The underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”Aunderstand BexamineCkill Dprotect82From Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3, we can learn that . Athe students parents welcome prize programsBprize programs are getting popular in many citiesCthe government provides money for prize programsDall the education researchers support prize programs83According to Roland Fryer and other economists study, students who are paid Ahave more scientific methodsBlike to discuss with other studentsCalways cheat in examinationsDhave better performance at school84The passage mainly tells us Ahow to use prizes to encourage the studentsBdifferent opinions on giving students prizesChow to make students study hard in schoolsDbad results caused by some prize programs85What does the writer think of prize programs？( )AHe doesnt mention it. BHe thinks they are harmful. CHe thinks they are great. DHe doesnt care about them. 参考答案A71B细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，年轻人住在一个小村庄里。72A细节理解题。由第二段第二句话可知，老人问年轻人为什么不在年轻的时候努力工作。73C细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话可知，老人让年轻人走进一个漆黑的房子。74D细节理解题。由第七段第二句话可知，年轻人还没找到什么东西火柴就熄灭了。75A归纳概括题。本文主要讲述了青春易逝，应该珍惜大好时光的道理，故选A项，意为“青春就像燃烧的火柴”。B项意为“点火柴很危险”；C项意为“年轻人有很多时间”；D项意为“我们应该照顾好自己”。B76B细节理解题。文章第二段讲到保护眼睛需要保持正确的坐姿，故A项正确。文章第四段提到保护眼睛的202020准则，故C项正确。文章第八段讲到，保护眼睛需要做一些运动，故D项正确。文章没有提到看绿色的东西可以放松眼睛，故选B项。77D细节理解题。第三段倒数第三句话提到“something like a tunnel”，意为“类似隧道的东西”，故选D项。78A细节理解题。在第五段最后一句话中