人民邮电版 剑桥bec真题集第四辑 阅读真题TEST 1 解析.docx

第四辑真题TEST 1 阅读部分的Part one.Questions 1-7Look at the statements below and the article about the development of future business leaders on the opposite page.Which section of the article (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1-7) refer to?For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.1 Managers need to take action to convince high-flyers of their value to the firm.2 Organisations need to look beyond the high-flyers they are currently developing.3 There is a concern that firms investing in training for high-flyers may not gain the benefits themselves.4 Managers need expert assistance from within their own firms in developing high-flyers.5 Firms currently identify high-flyers without the support of a guidance strategy.6 Managers are frequently too busy to deal with the development of high-flyers.7 Firms who work hard on their reputation as an employer will interest high-flyers.The Stars of the FutureA Existing management research does not tell us much about how to find and develop high-flyers, those people who have the potential to reach the top of an organisation. As a result, organisations are left to formulate their own systems. A more effective overall policy for developing future leaders is needed, which is why the London Business School has launched the Tomorrows Leaders Research Group (TLRG). The group contains representatives from 20 firms, and meets regularly to discuss the leadership development of the organisations high-flyers.B TLRG recognises just how significant line managers are in the process of leadership development. Unfortunately, with todays flat organisations, where managers have functional as well as managerial responsibilities, people development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads. One manager in the research group was unconvinced by the logic of sending his best people away on development courses, only to see them poached by another department or, worse still, another firm. This fear of losing high-flyers runs deep in the organisations that make up the research group.C TLRG argues that the task of management is not necessarily about employee retention, but about creating attraction centres. We must help line managers to realise that if their companies are known as ones that develop their people, they will have a greater appeal to high-flyers, said one advisor. Furthermore, selecting people for, say, a leadership development programme is a sign of commitment from management to an individual. Loyalty can then be more easily demanded in return.D TLRG has concluded that a companys HR specialists need to take action and engage with line managers individually about their role in the development of high-flyers. Indeed, in order to benefit fully from training high-flyers as the senior managers of the future, firms must actually address the development of all managers who will be supporting the high-flyers. Without this, managers will not be in a position to give appropriate advice. And when eventually the high-flyers do move on, new ones will be needed to replace them. The next challenge will be to find a new generation of high-flyers.首先得搞明白的是这篇文章到底讲的什么。不用看具体内容，有两个地方直接告诉了。一个是题目说明的第一句话，另一个是正文的标题。从这两个地方就可以看出全文探讨的是公司未来接班人也就是潜力股的培养问题。 A段讲了TLRG这个贯穿全文的研究组织诞生的原因：现行的研究满足不了需要，于是大多数公司只能自己探索发掘接班人的模式；（即第五题的答案） B段讲了直属经理（line managers）对于发掘接班人的重要性（真是干什么都要从基层抓起），以及经理们的一些疑虑； C段讲的是接班人问题对公司的重要性，并且应该让院线经理们明白这种重要性； D段是针对前面列出的问题，提出的解决建议，什么专家协助等等。 整篇文章分为四个部分，层层递进，有很强的逻辑性。拿这样的文章来做阅读材料应该是相对容易把握的。题目解析： 图中蓝色的线为答案潜伏的地方。7个题干基本是将原文中的句子用另外的词语和句型表述出来，所以题干中的关键词都能在正文里 找到与之匹配的，比如第四题题干里的expert对应D段的specialists,第六题的too busy to对应于B段里的heavy workloads，第七题的interest对应于C段的appeal。第一题说“经理们必须采取措施使潜力股们相信他们对公司的价值”，也就是要让潜力股们对公司忠诚，即C段说的creating “attraction centres”和loyalty。第二题说“组织必须把目光投向正在培养中的潜力股以外的地方”，即D段最后两句话所说的寻找新一代的潜力股。第三题和B段的最后一句话完全是一个意思：怕培养潜力股的投入收不回成本。第四题说开发潜力股，经理们需要在公司内部得到专家支持。答案是D段的第一句话：公司的人力资源专家需要采取行动。HR specialists就是expert。第五题说公司现在没有在指导策略的支持下辨别潜力股。也就是说公司是依靠自己来发掘人才的。答案是A段的第一句：现行的研究满足不了需要，所以公司只能形成自己的一套体系。第六题，经理们太忙了，无暇顾及潜力股的发展。答案是B段的：Unfortunately, with todays flat organisations, where managers have functional as well as managerial responsibilities, people development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads.。不幸落在了高工作负荷的人的肩上。高工作负荷，也就是too busy。第七题，看重作为雇主名声的公司可以吸引潜力股。答案是C段的这么一句：if their companies are known as ones that develop their people, they will have a greater appeal to high-flyers。如果公司是以开发员工而著称的话，将会对潜力股产生更大的吸引。以开发员工而著称（known as ones that develop their people），名声很好，也就是看重自己作为雇主的名声。Part2从标题和副标题能知道这篇文章讲的是收购（acquisition）。具体说来是讲公司选择收购的原因。全文一共八段，除了第一段是总的概括，后面七段一共说明了收购需要考虑的6个原因（6 considerations）：几乎每段对应一个，而且非常直接。第二段提到的原因是“keep up with a changing environment”，对应选项G里的“a market is changing so fast.”第三段的原因是“The strength of competitors”。这里的competitors在选项F里替换成了rivals。整个第三段是讲一个公司进入一个稳定市场的风险和困难。所以F选项话锋一转，说“如果收购的话，对对手的行为作出反应的风险就降低了。”第五段的原因是“financial motives”。最佳的收购时机当然是在一个公司股票价值处于低位的时候。这种收购是有风险性的，也就是选项C所说的“more speculative acquisitions”第六段的原因“resource considerations”，也就是为了获取某种资源或技术而进行收购，对应的选项E里所说的“research and development expertise”第七段的原因“cost efficiency”。是说收购现成的公司，需要花费的培养成本较少。也即是选项B所说的“必要的发展和组织学习会很慢”。第八段的原因“expectations of key shareholders”。选择GAP 12 的句子需要联系上下文，前后讲的都是收购有风险，可能会使股价下跌。所以GAP 12应该填入一个负面的，即选项D的“remove value”。生词：asset stripping:资产剥离。指金融资本家买断公司后,不予改善扩张,而转卖部分求利润。asset-stripping 资产倒卖speculative：投机性的，风险性的疑似难句：1、A cost efficiency could arise from the fact that an established company may already be very experienced and have achieved efficiencies which another company would find difficult to achieve quickly by internal means.一个知名公司可能已经很有经验了，能够实现另一个公司通过内部方式短期内很难实现的效率。这样，成本效率就产生了。PART 3这篇名为工作场所的创造力的文章，分为六段。六个段落依次、顺序对应于后面的六个题目的答案（目前在BEC真题里还没有发现例外的情况）。根据这一原则，可以缩小查找范围，提高解题的效率。六个题目答案所在的地方已经在文中用橙色的线划出来了。对比原文中的句子和答案中的句子，基本都是同一意思的不同表达，无非选择的英文单词和句型略有不同。13题，答案在第一段中找。原文里的“Many think there is too much focus on delivering results quickly”，对应于B的“an emphasis on rapid achievement”。14题的答案稍微绕一点。第二段前面扯得比较远，追究了半天历史责任，而题目问的是today怎么样。在阅读里，转折词，例如although,but,however,despite等等，几乎可以说是答案信号，后面接正确答案的概率相当大。这里的Despite后面接的就是正确答案：Despite the fact that many organisations are now taking steps to reorient the business culture to promote creativity。15题的答案在第三段很明显：They also fail to appreciate the contribution that they themselves can make，也就是D选项的underestimate the role they can play。16题答案的原文是“It means organisations must be prepared to invest in ideas without being sure of the return on that investment”也就是投资先不要想着回报。回报当然是跟成本有关的，对应于B选项中的“financial considerations”。这题还可以用排除法，A和D首先可以排除，C没有提到。17题也比较直接。第五段一共列举了几个strategies，拿来和答案对照就行了。原文是“Among these are .,and higher toleration levels of failure”（再次强调连词的重要性，这里的Among后紧跟的就是答案），即A选项的“a greater acceptance of error”。18题的答案是最后一段的最后一句：BUT（！）the real challenge will be to shift some of these sectors practices into more traditional manufacturing and service companies.真正的挑战在于把这些行业的实践转移到更传统的制造和服务公司去，也就是扩展到更广泛的地方，即选项C的“the spread of creativity to a range of businesses”.PART 4。我个人认为，完形填空这种题型属于BEC阅读里相对不容易把握的。其他几个部分多参照原文就能找到答案，而完形填空的答案有的时候靠分析是得不出结果的，因为会考到一些固定用法，而且是商务英语里的固定用法。固定用法一时半会是无法积累的。要想做好BEC里的完形填空，一是要掌握一定的解题技巧（比如排除法和猜题），二是要培养商务英语的感觉。感觉的培养也有两种途径，一个是多读原版商业英语文章，另一个就是把历年BEC真题里的完形填空原文填上空缺的单词反复朗读。这篇名为电子商务成功秘诀的文章主要分析了从事电子商务必须考虑的几个factor。重点考虑的是如何服务客户，不是在线的，而是电话。19题首先考的就是一个固定的商务英语用法。Point of contact,接触点。商业词典的解释：Person or a department serving as the coordinator or focal point of an activity or program.英文WIKI的解释：A point of contact (POC, also single point of contact or SPOC) is the identification of, and means of communication with, person(s) and organizations(s) associated with the resource(s).26题，on ones own terms,根据某人自己的主张。联系此句上下文，是说电子商务的客户不好伺候，得按照他们的意思来提供他们想要的。所以后面的28题应该选择rigid，僵硬的。意思是不能把一些僵硬的要求强加在客户的身上。27题，in turn相应的；in sequence按顺序，依次；in line成一直线；in order整齐，秩序井然。31题，后面的as is more usual是插入语，在这里完全可以忽略不计，联系整个句子的意思。是说员工应该想办法对付哪怕是最难对付的客户，而不是找借口去指责客户。所以应选rather than （而不是）。apart from相当于except for，除了外（都）,other than相当于except，除以外。32题，理解了上下文，应该选excuse。与fault相关的短语是find fault with33题，go without saying固定用法，不言而喻的意思。PART 5。0Regular meetings with clients are important to a healthy collaboration. They00 may be set up by the client, for example to review with the progress of current34 projects, to give new instructions that may have lead to a contract variation35 or to discuss any concerns. The client meeting which can also be arranged36 by you or another member of your company to attract from new business, to37 address a problem unless that needs to be solved or to give an update or status38 report on current business ventures. Your part is in these meetings will dictate39 the kind of information you need and how you should prepare for them. If you40 will be responding to questions put by your client, the material you pr