非谓语动词与写作 (2).doc

非谓语动词与写作众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词(或者介词短语等)对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。体会，用非谓语结构改写和美化句子1.因为在这国家又没有朋友，她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的。用连词becauseBecause she has no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.用非谓语结构Having no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.2.这本用简易英语写成的书很容易读懂用定语从句 The book, which was written in simple English, is easy to understand.用非谓语结构 The book , written in simple English, is easy to understand3. Moyan stood there and was surrounded by many reporters. Moyan stood there surrounded by many reporters.一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句1这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.All the people here like the novel written by Tom. (过去分词作定语)2这是一家工厂。月产成千上万辆小汽车。This is a factory. It produces thousands of cars a month.This is a factory, producing thousands of cars a month. (现在分词作状语)3消防队员及时赶到。他们对我们帮助很大。The firefighters came here in time. They helped us a lot.The firefighters coming here in time helped us a lot. (动名词作主语)4我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。We should speak more English. We think it is very important.We think it very important to speak more English. (不定式作真正宾语)5我们应该如何提高我们的英语口语水平？这是个问题。How should we improve our spoken English? It is a question.How to improve our spoken English is a question. (不定式短语作主语)The question is how to improve our spoken English. (不定式短语作表语)二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句1这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。 There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment. There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment.(现在分词作状语) 简析：“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。2当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。 When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late. When we got to the school gate it was eight. Seeing our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late.(现在分词作状语) 简析：“原句”中有两个由连词when引导的状语从句，将第二个状语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，就避免了“原句”中重复使用同类从句的问题。3我们认为中学生学习一门外语是必要的。同时我们也认为，中学生掌握一门外语是可能的。 We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one. We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think it possible for them to master one.(不定式作真正宾语) 简析：“原句”中先后出现两个从句，冗长、累赘、难读。而采用动词不定式替换第二句中的从句后，言简意明。4由于老师的帮助，我英语进步了。因为我英语进步了，我相信我能考上更好的大学。 Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, Im sure I will go to a better university. With my teacher helping me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, Im sure I will go to a better university.(with复合结构作状语) 简析：“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“with现在分词的复合结构”后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。5为了赶上同班同学，李东不遗余力地学习。为了好好学习，他从不玩电脑游戏。 Li Dong spares no effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games so that he can learn better. Li Dong spares no effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games so as to learn better.(不定式作状语) 简析：“原句”两处重复使用so that引导的目的状语从句，换用不定式作状语后，殊途同归，但效果好多了。另外，此处的so as to learn better也可以用介词短语with the purpose of learning better作目的状语。三、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达) 北京市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对北京市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。一般表达： There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing. They make some money. They work from dawn till night. One day, I left my cell phone in the taxi I took. I got in touch with the driver. He drove to my home and gave it back to me. I was very excited高级表达： There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing, serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing. In order to make some money to support their families, they work from dawn till night. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cell phone left in the taxi I took. On hearing what had happened, the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cell phone back to me. Seeing my cell phone again, I was too excited to say a word.运用非谓语动词转换简单句1We were touched by the teachers words. We decided to work hard._2I didnt receive her letter. I had to write again._3The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry. _4The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier. _5I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her._.运用非谓语动词转换复合句1When we arrived at the company, we were shown around the workshops first. When we were talking to the employees, we found it was necessary that we should learn a foreign language._， we were shown around the workshops first. When we were talking to the employees, we found _.2I took part in the meeting, which was held in Beijing last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday.I took part in the meeting _ last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager _ yesterday.3As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they rushed into it to save them without hesitation._，they rushed into it to save them without hesitation.4Mother went to work in a hurry, and she didnt have breakfast. She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late.Mother went to work in a hurry _.She was as busy as a bee these days,