必修3 Module3 The Violence of Nature单元重难知识点总结.doc

Unit 3. The Violence of Nature一. 重点词汇及拓展 1. disaster n灾难2.result vt.引起；导致3furniture n家具4.bury vt.埋葬5occur vi.发生6.strike vt. & n袭击7destroy vt.毁坏8.previous adj.以前的9damage n. & v损失；损害10violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的violence n暴力 11. erupt vi.(火山的)爆发；喷发eruption n爆发12possibility n可能；可能性possible adj.可能的probable adj.可能的(近义词)13terrifying adj.恐惧的terrified adj.害怕的terrify vt.使害怕14experience vt.经历experienced adj.有经验的 二. 重点短语 1.refer to提到；查询2pick up 拿起，拾起，搭载3take.off.去掉 4on average平均5warn sb.of警告某人 6set fire to纵火烧 7. put out扑灭8in all总共9be active in 积极 10take place发生11find out弄清楚12end up in以告终 三. 重点句型1.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均来说，美国每年发生大约800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。2By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700人受伤。3Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only 16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide.蒙特塞拉特岛是加勒比海上的一个美丽的小岛，长仅16千米，宽10千米。 四. 语法 1.Past perfect passive(过去完成时的被动语态)2.Indirect speech(间接引语) 一. 重点词汇及拓展 1experience nU经验，体验；C经历；经历的事； vt.经历，体验；感受归纳拓展(1)have much teaching/working experience教学/工作经验丰富learn by/from experience 从经验中学习experience in/of在方面有经验in ones experience据某人经验看 (2)experienced adj.有经验的，老练的be experienced in 在方面老练/有经验例句：Mr Brown has_.Mr Brown has much experience in teaching/working.布朗先生有30年的教学/工作经验。 He _ in money matters.他是处理金融事务的老手。 【链接训练】Human beings have five senses for _ the world around them.Aexperiment Bexperience Cexperimenting Dexperiencing 2bury vt.埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆盖；从记忆中除去，忘记归纳拓展bury sb.in/at sth.将某人埋葬在bury sth.under/beneath sth.将埋在下面bury ones face in hands用手捂住脸 例句：The climbers_.登山者被埋在一堆岩石中。She_ and wept.她双手掩面哭了起来。After the divorce，she _.离婚后她埋头于工作。8 【链接训练】He _ his head under his pillow because of the noise from upstairs. But he still couldnt _ asleep.Aburied；go Bplaced；went Cburied；fall Dlaid；go to 3occur vi.发生，出现；(想法、念头等)浮现，想起归纳拓展(1)If anything should occur.如果发生什么事情的话It occurred to sb. that.某人刚刚想到sth.occurs to sb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到(2)occurrent adj.正在发生的，偶然发生的occurrence n发生，出现，事件，发生的事情 例句：_I would travel to Europe.我突然想到要到欧洲旅游。An excellent idea _when I woke up this morning.今天早晨起床时，我突然想到一个绝妙的主意。I suppose it never_to phone the police?我想你压根儿就没想到给警方打电话吧？ 【链接训练】Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred Bhit Chappened Dreminded用happen，occur，take place完成句子How did the accident_?Just as I was leaving the house it _to me that I had forgotten my keys. Great changes have_ in China in the last 20 years.4strike(struck；struck/stricken)vt.打；(灾难、暴风雨等)袭击；侵袭；使突然发生；到达vt.&vi.碰上，碰撞；突然想到vt.给以印象；打动某人的心(常用被动结构)；感动vt.(钟)敲响；划(火柴)n罢工归纳拓展(1)strike sb.in/onthe身体部位打某人某处be struck by/on/with.被打动，迷恋(2)be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工 例句：Many people didnt have any preparation in their minds when the earthquake _.当地震袭击城市时，很多人根本没有思想准备。The visitors _.游客们被乡村的美丽打动了。The church clock _ when I reached the village.当我到达村庄时，教堂的钟敲了11下。A snowball_.一个雪球打在他的头上。A good idea _.经理忽然想到了一个好主意。 Within half an hour，all the drivers were out_.半个小时内，所有的司机都出去罢工了。【链接训练】I washed it in hot water. It never_to me to check the label.Astruck Bhappened Coccurred Drealized 5ruin vt.毁坏，使破产n毁坏，毁灭；破产，垮台；(pl.)废墟；遗迹归纳拓展(1)ruin oneself毁掉自己(2)in ruins成为废墟be the ruin of成为毁灭/堕落的原因bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落go to/fall to/come to ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 例句：He knocked over a bottle of ink and _.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。Alcohol and drugs almost _.酒精和毒品几乎毁掉了他的事业。Whole blocks of the city were _ after war.战后这座城市所有的街区成为一片废墟。 【链接训练】The houses across the street are _，but they were in good condition a few years ago.Ain rows Bin ruins Cin number Din detail 6damage n损害，破坏vt.使受损；破坏归纳拓展(1)the damage to.对的损害do/cause damage to sth.对某物造成损害；使某物受到损害costs for damage损害赔偿费(2)damage ones health/reputation损害某人的健康/名誉例句：The storm _ the crops.暴风雨使庄稼遭受了很大损失。The earthquake_.地震使这座桥遭受严重破坏。 【链接训练】用damage，destroy与ruin填空I _ my shoes in football practice today.The building was completely _ by fire.She poured some ink all over my new drawing and _ it. 二. 重点短语1pick up 拾起，拿起；(无意中)学会、获得信息；收听，收到；收拾，整理；(车辆等)中途搭人，中途载货；取物；加速归纳拓展pick at一点儿一点儿地吃pick on选择；针对；挑中(某人)(作挨骂或受罚对象)pick out选出；认出例句：Lets _ the room before the meeting starts at two oclock.让我们在两点钟开会前把这房间整理好。 The women _ in the nursery on their way home from the factory.妇女们在从工厂回家的路上到托儿所接回她们的孩子。You are great to have _ when you were in France.你居然在法国时自己学会了法语，真了不起。I _ every day.我每天收听“英国BBC”广播。 【链接训练】I_a flu when I was on a spring outing with my classmates.Acaught up Bpicked up Ctook up Dbrought upShe _ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.Apicked out Bmade out Cmade up Dpicked up 2end up in以结束，以告终归纳拓展(1)end (up) in failure/victory/a draw以失败/胜利/平局结束(强调在某种结果中结束，用in)end (up) with good wishes以美好的祝愿结尾(end up with多指以某种方式结束)end up结果为，以结束(尤指意料之外)(2)on end竖立，笔直地，连续地come to an end到头了，结束了put/bring.to an end使终止from beginning to end从头到尾，自始至终 例句：Hell _ if hes not careful.如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。The film_ the heroine dying.在电影结束时，女主角去世了。The meeting _.会议结束了。 【链接训练】On Christmas eve, the English evening_singing the song “The Unforgettable Tonight”Acame up Bdrew up Cran up Dended up 3in all总共，总计归纳拓展above all首先，最重要的是after all毕竟，终究at all在肯定句、疑问句中意为“竟然，终于”；在否定句中意为“一点儿也不，根本不”；在if引导的条件句中，意为“既然”。first of all首先，最先 例句：You have four apples and I have three bananas，making seven pieces of fruit _.你有4个苹果，我有3个香蕉，总共有7个水果。He doesnt go to see his father often，_，he is very busy with his work.他不常去看他的父亲，毕竟他是忙于工作。Well，_we cant possibly spare the time.你看，最主要的是我们实在抽不出时间。 【链接训练】There were more than two hundred people _ at his wedding ceremony.Aafter all Bin all Cat all Dabove all Although he had to spend lots of money for going to the ball，he accepted the invitation._ the ball was important to him.AAfter all BIn all CFirst of all DAbove all 三. 重点句型1On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.美国每年平均会发生800多次龙卷风，造成大约80多人死亡，1 500人受伤。归纳拓展(1)句中的现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。(2)分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。逻辑主语与分词是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词。 (3)现在分词短语作状语，还可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等。例句：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。He died，leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。 【链接训练】The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.Ato let Bletting Clet Dhaving letThe direct flight has proved successful，_Taiwan another tourist destination for people on the mainland.Amade Bmaking Cmake Dmakes 2Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only 16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide.蒙塞拉特岛是加勒比海上的一个美丽的小岛，仅长16千米，宽10千米。归纳拓展表示“长、宽、深、高、厚、年龄”等的句型：(1)主语be数词单位词复数形容词(如long/wide/high/tall/thick/deep/old等)(2)主语be数词单位词复数in名词(如length/width/height/depth/age等) (3)This is a数词单位词单数形容词名词例句：The bridge is 200 metres long._.=_. 这座桥长200米。 【链接训练】The two boys are both 1.80 metres _ height，but they are not _ the same age.Ain；of Bof；in Cof；of Din；in 四. 语法1过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态(1)过去完成时由“助动词had过去分词”构成。用法如下：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生了的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。例句：By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到了12岁时，爱迪生已经开始自己谋生了。 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去。常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。例句：He had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to Boston.他搬到波士顿之前在纽约住了十年。用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句。例句：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天看见你，他就会问这件事了。 用在间接引语或宾语从句中。放在像said，told，thought，wondered等动词过去时的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的行为。例句：My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我他已经通过了考试。用在“It was the first/second time that.”句型中。此句型中主句用一般过去时，that引导的从句用过去完成时。例句：It was the first time (that) we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。 (2)过去完成时的被动式表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。其结构为“主语had been done其他”。与by过去时间搭配的被动语态用过去完成时。例句：By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished.当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。 在say，report，ask等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。例句：The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the hurricane.媒体报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。例句：As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.因为作业已经完成，他上网查阅一些资料。 【链接训练】It was reported that Mr Smith_by the police for driving his car while drunk.Akilled Bhad been shot Ccaught Dhad been caughtI was shocked to hear that your house _into.Awas broken Bbroke Chad been broken Dhave been brokenHis earlier concert in Shanghai _ a big success.It was the first time the Taiwan singer _ a concert on the mainland.Ais；held Bwas；held Chad been；would hold Dw