深圳上海牛津版_八年级上_Unit_1_encyclopedias.doc

深圳市博尔思培训中心 Shenzhen Brilliant Personalized Education Training Center 老师姓名宋海燕学生姓名黄达欣教材版本深圳牛津版学科名称英 语年 级八年级上课时间9 月 5日 18 : 30 - 20 :30 课题名称八年级上册Chapter 1 Encyclopaedias教学重难点1. 重点单词以及短语的用法2. 经典句型的运用3. 重点语法之复合不定代词教学过程Step1 Main words1. inventor The young inventor kept working on improvements. 这位年轻的发明家不停地完善他的发明。总结: inventor 作 词，表示“ ”，是可数名词， 复数形式“inventors”；拓展：invent v. 发明 He invented the first electric clock. 他发明了第一个电动机械钟。 invention 发明物 复数形式“inventions” Their invention conquered the world. 他们的这项发明征服了全世界。连接词： 动词+or 变名词 引导conductconductor 列车长 编辑editeditor 编者 跟踪tailtailor 裁缝 参观visitvisitor 访问者 发觉detectdetector 探测器 传染infectinfector 传染者 驾驶sailsailor 水手 演actactor演员运用： 第二个重要的发明发生在美国。 我们拥有所有的思想并发明创造每种东西。 谁发明了电灯？ 2. musician He was a brilliant musician. 他是一位才华横溢的音乐家。总结: musician用作名词时，意思是“ ”连接词汇：以ian结尾的名词library（图书馆）librarian（图书管理员） history（历史） historian（历史学家）Arab（阿拉伯） Arabian（阿拉伯人） Christ（基督） Christian（基督徒）运用： 我长大后想成为一名音乐家。 3. scientist Every scientist has a childhood dream. 每位科学家都有一个童年的梦想。总结：scientist用作名词时，意思是“ ” science 用作名词，意思是“科学” 连接词汇：以ist结尾的名词ideal（理想）idealist（ 理想主义者） art（艺术） artist（艺术家） violin（小提琴）violinist（小提琴家） piano（钢琴）pianist（钢琴家）运用：.你想成为一名科学家吗？ 4. bornSome people are born brainy. 有些人天生聪明。Jack was a born teacher. 杰克天生是个当老师的料。总结： dream 用作动诃时，意为“出生”； 用作形容词时，意为“天生的” 常用短语：sb. be born 运用： 他出生在美国。 她天生就是个钢琴家。 5. intelligence Shes a woman of exceptional intelligence. 她是个有着非凡智慧的女子。总结：intelligence用作名词时，意思是“ ” 拓展：intelligent 聪明的 be of （much）intelligence= be （very）intelligent 运用： 她是个美丽又聪明的女人。 6. abilityI think she has the ability to solve the problem. 我相信她有这个能力解决这个难题。总结：ability作名词，意思为“_”。拓展：able 作形容词，意为“有能力的，能够的”固定短语：be able to do sth. = have the ability to do sth.运用： 他有能力当一个好班长（monitor）。 7. perhaps Perhaps love can change everything. 或许爱能改变一切。总结：perhaps作副词，意思为“_ _”。辨析：probably, perhaps, maybe, possibly的区别probably“很有可能；十之八九”，其语义较强，可能性较大Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.明天大概会是晴天。perhaps“或许”，含有“可能这样，也可能不这样”Perhapswewillbelateforwork.或许我们上班会迟到。 maybe“或许”、“大概” 多用于美国英语,主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用Maybe he will succeed.他也许会成功。possibly“或许；也许”，所指的可能性较小，为加强语气，可与can、could或may连用Itmaypossiblybetrue.也许是真的。 8. includeA good British breakfast always includes sausages. 一顿丰盛的英式早餐总会包括香肠。总结：include 作动词，意思为“_ _”。拓展：including 和included 用法区别 including 被用作介词，后接名词构成介词短语 There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. included也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included. There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.运用： 所有的学生包括老师在内都要参加这次会议。 这家旅店的房价包括早餐。 9. howeverHowever，some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 然而，有些恐龙喜欢吃肉。总结：however 作副词，意思为“ ”。 可位于句前，句中和句后。She is ill, however, she goes to work.He think its right. He is wrong , however.辨析：however和buthowever“然而”，转折的意味较弱可位于句前，句中和句后后面常用逗号隔开He likes music. However, his wife doesnt. but“但是”转折的意味很强烈位于分句句首后面不使用逗号He likes music, but his wife doeant.10. win We can win the championship. 我们有能力赢得冠军。总结：win 作动词，意思为“ ”。辨析：defeat、beat和win的区别 defeat和beat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体 如ateam,aclass,aschool,anarmy。 defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game,war,prize,fame,battle等。运用： 他们取得了这次战斗（battle）的胜利。 一班打败了二班，获得了第一名。 Step 2 Main phrases1. be born 出生 2. in the countryside 在农村3. for example 例如 4. more than 超过5. human being 人类 6. die out 灭绝7. come out of 从.出来 8. at the end of 在.末尾9. just like 正如 10. be famous for 以.闻名11. go for a walk 去散步 12. find out 了解，弄清13. next to 紧挨着 14. look like 看起来像同步练习： 根据句意从左面选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空，补全句子。1. If we dont protect the environment, all the animals will _. 2. My grandparents live .3. When Mum _the house, she saw a big dog in front of the door. 4. She is very intelligent, _ she can speak four languages.5.Hangzhou the silk. 6. _the term, Jim did well in the final exam. 7.Lets _ after dinner.8. There are _50 students in our class.9. The police the truth of the murder(谋杀).10. Im interested in people .11. -Where you ？ -In England. 12. -What your friend ? - Tall and thin. 13. Every one likes a clean classroom, home.14. There is a store our school.Step 3 Main sentences1. Look it up! 查阅一下！解析：look up 意为“查阅，查询”强调在词典、参考书里查询We can look up new words in the dictionary. 我们可以在词典里查新单词。拓展：look up 仰视，向上看 He looked up from his book when I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。相关短语：look around 向周围看 look out 小心 look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来相同 look forward to 盼望运用： 1. This morning I some new restaurant on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up 2. 过马路时要小心！ 3. 我盼望去美国旅游。 2. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. 有些恐龙和鸡一样小。解析 as.as. 和.一样. 中间接形容词或副词的原级 否定：not as/so.as. .不如. This tree is as tall as that one. 这棵树和那棵树一样高。 This tree is not so/as tall as that one. 这棵树不如那棵树高。运用：-English isnt as as Chinese. -Maybe, perhaps its just because Chinese is your native language.A. easy B. easily C. easier D. easiest3. Comes out of his/her mothers body 从他/她妈妈的身体里出来解析：out of 从.出来，在.外The students come out of the classroom. 学生从教室里传来。拓展：常见的out of 相关短语rush out of从.冲出来jump out of从.跳出来look out of从.向外看take out of从.取出来 运用： 那只可爱的小猫从箱子里跳了出来。 Ann 生气地从房间里冲了出来。 同学们，请把书从书包里拿出来。 4. They helped me think and dream. 它们帮助我思考和梦想。 解析: help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 He often helps me to study English. = He often helps me with English.拓展：1） help oneself to 随便吃 Help yourselves to some fish, children. 孩子们，随便吃点鱼吧。 2）cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 She cant help laughing. 她禁不住笑了。运用： 你会帮妈妈做家务吗？ 他太累了，禁不住睡着了。 Step 4 Grammar 复合不定代词 1）复合不定代词的构成复合不定代词由some, any, no, every加上-body, -thing, -one构成。 somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没人everybody每人 someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没人everyone每人 something某物 anything任何事物 nothing没东西everything每件事 2）复合不定代词的用法这些复合不定代词只具有名词性质，用作单数，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。带some的一般用于肯定句，而带any的一般用于否定句和疑问句；它们的用法同some, any的用法类似。带body与带one的复合代词，其词义相同，只是带body的较口语化。 Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长了。Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表坏了。I cant see anything. 我什么也没看见。3）复合不定代词的特殊用法（1）用在表示“请求”、“建议”或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中。 Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？（2）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语必须放在它的后面。There is something wrong with the radio. 收音机出了毛病。4）复合不定代词的属格1. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有s属格形式。 Everybodysbusinessisnobodysbusiness.大家的事情没人管。 Isthisanybodysseat?这儿有人坐吗？2. 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，s属格应加在else之后。 Canyouremembersomeoneelsesname?你还记得其他人的姓名吗？3. 含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有s属格形式。5) 复合不定代词的否定1. “notevery-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。 Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都会那么顺利。 Theteacherdidntcalleveryonesname.老师并没有点所有人的名。2. “notany-”和no-均表示全否定。 Helistened,butheardnothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。 =Helistened,butdidnthearanything. Youhaventcalledanyone/anybodyup,haveyou? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？=Youhavecallednoone/nobodyup,haveyou?6) 合与分的区别问题1. someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用； someone，anyone，everyone则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。 Anyoneshouldbepolitetoeveryoneofthem. 任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。 -Whichtoywouldyoulike? -AnyoneisOK.-你要那个玩具？-随便。2. noone（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”， 既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如： Noonecandoitbetter.没有人能做得更好。 Noneofthesequestionsiseasy,andnoneofuscanevenansweranyoneofthem. 这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用noone；回答howmany引导的特殊疑问句时用none。 -Whowaslate?-Noone.-谁迟到了？-谁也没有迟到。-Howmanypigsdoyoukeep?-None.-你养几头猪？-一头也没养。同步练习：( )1.Imhungry.Iwant_toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everything D.nothing( )2.Doyouhave_tosayforyourself?No,Ihave_tosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing( )3.Whynotask_tohelpyou?A.everyoneB.someoneC.anyoneD.none( )4.Everything_ready.Wecanstartnow.A.are B.is C.be D.were( )5.Theres_withhiseyes.HesOK.A. anythingwrong B.wrongsomething C.nothingwrong D.wrongnothing( )6.Thestoryissoamazing!ItsthemostinterestingstoryIveeverread. ButImafraiditwontbelikedby_.A.everybody B.somebodyC.anybody D.nobody( )7.Shelistenedcarefully,butheard_.A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.nothing( )8.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith_.A. everything B.anythingC.something D.nothing( )9.Everyoneisheretoday,_? No,HanMeiisnthere.Shesill.A.isntit B.isnthe C.arethey D.isnteveryone( )10.Everythinggoeswell,_?A.isit B.isntit C.dothey D.doesntitStep 5 能力提升 I 单项选择1. Listening is just as as speaking in language learning.A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important2. Do you have to say for our travel?A. else anything B.anything else C. else something D. something else3. Birds died because of pollution.A. Two millions B. Millions of C. Million of D. Two millions of4. There still some milk in the fridge. You dont need to go to the store today. A. am B. is C. are D. be 5. What a fine day! Lets go a walk.A. for B.at C. out D. in 6. The poor old man a week ago.A. dead B.death C. dies D. died7. Dont look the windows in class, we must listen to the teacher carefully.A. out of B.out C. into D. up 8. The PLA man(解放军) saved three lives in the accident.A. childrens B.children C. child D. childs 9. -Do you have pencils? -No, I have pens.A. some;any B.any;some C. some;some D. any;any10. Nobody me English. I have to learn it by myself.A. teach B.teaches C. teaching D. to teachII. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Its useful （learn）a foreign language.2. Can you help me （carry）the box, Lily?3. Remember （write）to me when you get to Beijing.4. I need some (potato). Do you need some?5. About two （million）people listened to the programme.III. 完形填空CharlesDickens,oneofthegreatestEnglishwriters1bornin1812,inoneofthesmall2ofEngland.WhenDickenswasnineyearsold,thefamily3toLondon,thecapitalofEngland.Therewasseveralyoungchildreninthefamily.Theirlifewashard,soDickenscouldnot4toschool.Onlyuntilhisfatherwas5ofprison,couldCharlesgotoschool.Atthattime,hewasalreadytwelveyearsold.Buthedidnotfinishschool.Twoyearslaterhebegan6.Thefuturewriteroftenwenttothelibrary7books.Heread8.ThenDickenswrotelotsofnovelsallhislife.Dickens9overahundredyearsago,butpeoplearestillreadinghisbooks10greatinterest.( )1.A.isB.areC.wasD.were( )2.A.townB.townsC.familyD.country( )3.A.movesB.movedC.movingD.to