北师大英语14单元重点单词句子解析.doc

Unit 141. reward2. wage3. charge4. consult5. quarrel6. instant7. surrounding8. overcome9. grasp10. commit11. hesitate12. decrease13. operate14. respond15. enclose16. EnvyInspect17. Flexible18. take charge of19. make up20. make out21. go into detail(s)22. speak up23. sit up24. junior high25. believe in26. turn over27. pay off28. keep up with29. in case30. due to31. in addition1. reward n& vt.奖赏；报酬；酬谢，报答rewarding adj.有益的，值得做的as a reward for 作为（对某事的）报酬/奖赏in reward of为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb.for sth./doing sth.为（做）某事而报答某人reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人As a reward for passing her exams，she got a new bike from her parents.作为对她考试及格的奖赏，父母给她买了一辆新的脚踏车。(朗文P1295)I dont expect anything in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(朗文P1295)He was nominated for the best actor award.他获得最佳男演员奖提名。(牛津P99)award，prize，reward(1)reward指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。(2)prize指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖，这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。(3)award指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉，而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。(4)award侧重于表示奖金，而prize主要表示各种奖励，表示奖学金时可通用，这两个词都可以和win连用，表示获得奖金或奖励。而reward则是酬金的意思。Award sb sth 2. consult vt.请教，查阅consult sb.about sth.向（某人）请教有关的事consult with sb.与某人商议 consult a dictionary查词典refer to a dictionarylook up a word in a dictionaryconsultant n.顾问consultation n.咨询，商讨，Have you consulted your lawyer about it?你已经就此事咨询过你的律师了吗？Before we can accept the firms offer，we must consult with the workers.在接受公司的提议之前，我们必须与工人们蹉商。Parents are demanding a greater consultation over their childrens future.家长们要求对子女的前途问题进行更多的商讨。3 charge vt.控告，指控 vt. 要价n. 控告；费用；负责(1)charge sb with sth控告某人犯某罪(2)charge (sb) for sth为某事收(某人的)费用(3)free of charge免费(4) in charge of sth负责(5)in the charge of sb由某人负责(=in sb.s charge)(6) take charge of接管，控制(1)他被控告犯有谋杀罪。He was charged for murder.(2)只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。As long as youve paid in advance we wont charge you for delivery. 3)一切物品免费送货。All goods are delivered free of charge (4) 修鞋要多少钱?How much do you charge for mending shoes?(5)经理不在时, 他负责这个商店。He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away(6)自他主管这所学校以来，还从未出过问题。Nothing has ever gone amiss since he took charge of the school.4. quarrel vi.& n.争吵，吵架quarrel with sb about/over sth=have a quarrel with sb about over sth和某人争吵某事quarrel with sth.反对，对某事不满Quarrel with sb 与某人争吵Have no quarrel with sb 对某人无怨言He has no reason to quarrel with usWere going to quarrel about a few dollars.5. commit vt. 犯(罪，错)，托付，承诺，投入commit a mistake 犯错误commit a crime 犯罪commit suicide 自杀commit oneself to 致力于，承诺a committed teacher 一个尽职的老师 Commit.to .将。托付给。Commit sb to prison 把某人送进监狱(1)他怎么这么笨，居然犯这种错误。 He is so silly to have committed such an error (2) 政府已经致力于改善健康教育。The government has committed itself to improving health education. 7. make up编造，组成，化妆，和解 make out 辩认出，理解，填写，开出(1)Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.(2)The student made up an excuse for his being late.(3)The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James.(4)They had an argument, but they have already made up.(5)To this day I still cant make out why they did so.(6)His handwriting is so bad that I can hardly make it out.(7)The teacher made out the report cards and gave them to the students to take home.拓展：make up for 补偿，弥补 make up ones mind下定决心，打定主意，决定 be made up of8. hesitate v犹豫；踌躇hesitant adj.犹豫的；踌躇的；迟疑的hesitation n踌躇，犹豫hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事hesitate 后接动词做宾语时，只能用不定式。另外，后面可接about, at, over等介词短语。hesitate about/at/in/over（doing）sth.（做）某事犹豫不决without hesitation毫不犹豫地Dont hesitate about that.Do it at once.对于那件事不要再犹豫，马上去做吧。In case you need something，please dont hesitate to ask me.如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫，尽管对我说。He who hesitates is lost.谚当断不断，必受其患。Without any hesitation，he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子联想:不能接动词-ing形式做宾语的动词还有：decide, determine, manage, learn, promise, plan, offer, pretend, agree, refuse, hope, wish, long, expect, desire, fail等。9 respond vi.回复，回答；响应，作出反应response n回答，回复；反应respond to sb./sth.回答（比answer,reply to正式）respond to sb./sth.（with/by sth.）用回应某人（事）respond to（疾病、身体的受伤部分）对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth.（对人/物）的回答/回复/反应in response to作为对的回应With no response 没有回答，没有回应Make| give no response 不回答，不回应They still havent responded to my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。He responded to my suggestion with a laugh/by laughing.他对我的建议报以一笑。His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。 The law was passed in response to public pressureHe made no response to my suggestion10. pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清pay money for sth.付钱买pay for sth.买pay back还钱；报复pay out付出大笔款项；放松pay up付清欠款Pay a visit to 参观 访问Pay attentiom to 注意They paid off their debts after ten years.十年后他们还清了所有债务。 Two hundred workers have been paid off.200名工人已被结清工资了。They took a hell of a risk but it paid off.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。8. due to 因为，由于be due to do sth.预期发生某事，计划做某事be due to sth当付，应有，应给The meeting isnt due to start until three.会议预计要到3点钟才开始。Treat him with the respect that is due to a world champion.要以一个世界冠军应享有的尊重去对待他。due to，owing to，thanks to，because of on account of as a result of (1)due todue to sth./sb.由某事/某人引起的，由于某事/某人。通常在句中作状语或表语。(2)owing to意为“由于，应归功于”，有时可与due to互换。(3)thanks to既可表达正面意义(亏得，多亏，幸亏)，又可以表示讽刺意义(近乎反语“感谢”)。(4)because of指原因，意为“因为”，用以指出理由。Most of the problems were due to human error.多数问题都是人为错误造成的。Owing to our joint efforts，the task was fulfilled ahead of time.由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。Thanks to your help，we were successful.多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。We stayed at home because of rain.因为下雨，我们呆在家里。9. in case (that)“以防；在的情况下，万一”，引导条件状语从句in case of若，如果，万一in no case决不（置于句首，句子用倒装）in any case无论如何，不管怎样in this/that case如果这样/那样，若是这样/那样的话A case in point 恰当的例子Take your coat in case it rains.带着雨衣吧，以防下雨。(朗文P211)Ill cook plenty of potatoes just in case.我打算多煮些马铃薯，以备万一。(朗文P211)In case of fire，ring the alarm bell.如发生火灾，即按警铃。(牛津P245)重点句子1【教材原句】The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就起身，走出了这个房间。【句法分析】the instant(that).一(就)，用来引导时间状语从句。She began to cry the instant she read the letter.He telephoned her instantly he came home.Immediately he came home，I told him about that.2【教材原句】Whatever I do，it will be with music.我无论干什么，都伴随着音乐。whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。whatever/whichever/whenever.可以引导状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。但只有引导状语从句时可以和no matter what/which/when.互换。引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时只能用whatever，whichever，whenever等。Wherever you go，I go too.你到哪儿，我也到哪儿。(朗文P1753)Goats eat whatever(food)they can find.山羊什么都吃。(朗文P1751)However cold it is，she always goes swimming.不管天气有多冷，她总是去游泳。(朗文P744)3. I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports. 那时我发现只要我坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道。只要你能坚定地听从老师的指导并永不放弃，你就能实现你的梦想。 As long as you are co