【英语】新人教必修1语法·剖析-(Unit-2-English-around-the-world).doc

语法剖析 直接引语和间接引语之间的转换()代词和状语的变化巧记：一主，二宾，三不变。 说明：直接引语改为间接引语时，第一人称的代词和物主代词，必须与主句中的主语的人称一致，在数上不发生变化。第二人称的代词和物主代词变化时，必须随主句中的宾语，如果没有宾语可以加个宾语(如me或us)。而第三人称的代词和物主代词在变为间接引语时，一律不变。“一主”：He/I/You said to Rose，“I can help them.”He/I/You told Rose that he/I/you could help them.“二宾”：He said to her/me/you，“You can help them.”He said to her/me/you that she/I/you could help them.“三不变”：He said to Rose，“She/He/They could help them.”He told Rose that she/he/they could help them.一般将来时： shall/will/may/can/must过去将来时：should/would/might/could/must/had to将来进行时：will be doing过去将来进行时： would be doing将来完成时：will have done过去将来完成时： would have done一般过去时：was/were,did过去完成时：had been,had done语序的变化1)当直接引语是陈述句时在间接引语中只需加that。如：Sue said，“Mother，I havent been able to find the book.”苏说道：“妈妈，我没有找到那本书。”Sue said to her mother that she hasnt been able to find the book.苏对妈妈说她没找到那本书。2)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时在间接引语中，疑问词保留不变，语序为陈述句语序。如：The student asked，“When did Columbus discover America？”学生们问道：“哥伦布什么时候发现美洲的？”The student asked when Columbus discovered America.学生们想知道哥伦布是什么时候发现美洲的。3)当直接引语是一般疑问句时在间接引语中，先把一般疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序，然后在此句子前加if或whether。如：Jane asked，“Has my sister been talking on the phone？”简问道：“我姐姐是不是一直在打电话？”Jane asked whether/if her sister had been talking on the phone.简问她姐姐是不是一直在打电话。4)当直接引语是感叹句时在间接引语中，保留how或what，或使用that从句把原来的感叹句用陈述句表示。如：I cried，“What a crazy idea you have!” 我大喊：“你的主意太棒了！”I cried what a crazy idea you had.I cried that you had a crazy idea.我大喊你的主意很棒。5)当直接引语是祈使句或表示请求的句子时在间接引语中，要用一个带动词的简单句表示。如：The policeman said，“Please park your car here.” 警察说道：“请把车停在这里。”The policeman asked me to park my car there.警察让我把车停在那里。【活学活用】 14.直接引语改间接引语(一空一词)1)Alice said,“Ive just got a letter from my father.”Alice _ _ _ _just got a letter from her father.2)He asked her,“Do they agree to sow wheat close together?”He _ _ _ _ _to sow wheat close together.3)Alice asked Mike,“Have you finished doing your homework?”Alice asked _ _ _ _ _doing his homework.4)The students asked the farmer,“When do you harvest the wheat?”The students asked the farmer _ _ _ the wheat.5)He said to the farmers,“Do things at the right time of year.”He _ _ _ _ _ things at the right time of the year.6)“Open your books.Please,” he said.He _ _ _ _our books.7)“Dont turn off the light,” the teacher said.The teacher _ _ _ _turn off the light.答案：1)said that she had 2)asked her if they agreed 3)Mike if/whether he had finished 4)when he harvested 5)told the farmers to do 6)asked us to open 7)told me not to关系代词which和关系副词where名称成分visit(及物动词例句)work(不及物动词例句)关系代词which宾语This is the mideastern area(which)the reporter visited last week.This is the midsouthern area (which)the reporter worked in last week.关系代词which主语This is the mideastern area which was visited by the reporter last week.This is a government which works well.关系副词where状语This is the mideastern area in which/where the reporter visited some poor soldiers last week.This is the midwestern area in which/where the reporter worked last week.顺口溜定语从句要注意，用代、用副要仔细。从句动词与先行词，两者联系很紧密。先行与从动是动宾，应用代词最可行。代词作宾可以省，但作主语定要用。【活学活用】 15.选择题1)Ill show you the store _ you may buy materials_ you need.A.that;that B.which;that C.where;which D.on which;/2)Can you lend me the book _ the other day?A.which you talked B.that you talkedC.you talked D.you talked about3)This is one of the best theaters _ some films _ this year.A.which;has been shown B.that;have been shown C.where;have shown D.where;have been shown4)The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A.when B.that C.which D.what5)After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when6)Can you think outa situation _ this idiom can be used?A.which B.that C.where D.with which7)This is the house _ we visited together with our teacher last month.A.which B.at that C.where D.at which8)This is the house _ we visited an old man together with our teacher last month.A.which B.that C.where D.from which9)Is this the old building_ your fat