北京市房山区高考英语 阅读理解专题选练（13）.doc

北京市房山区2016届高考英语 阅读理解专题选练（13）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a mythit is true that world population is growing, but this is not the cause of our current and future global problems. believing this will cause us to ignore the real problem and risk long-term damage to our planet. let me start by explaining why overpopulation is a myth. for one thing, the un population division regularly predicts population growth but provides a low variant (变量), medium variant, and high variant to factor in various possibilities. in the 2010 revision, their high variant suggests that the world population will be almost 16 billion in 2100, but the low variant predicts it will peak at 8 billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by 2100. in most cases, it is the low variant that has come true in the past, suggesting the same will be true of their future population predictions. in addition to this, the size of families is actually decreasing. for another, if the earth is overpopulated, there needs to be insufficient (短缺) food, water, and space for humans to live. however, indian economist raj krishna estimates that india alone is able to increase crop produce to the point of providing the entire worlds food supply. the world food programme confirms that there is sufficient food grown to feed the world and there is the same amount of fresh water on the planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. so how is it possible that the number of people in the world is affecting our planet?therefore, it is not an increase in population but an increase in consumption that is a severe threat. materialism and overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in the western world, as possessions reflect a persons status in society and people strive to obtain happiness through owning the latest fashionable goods. not only that, but waste is a common occurrence which has a huge effect on our resources. it is a sad truth that 80% of the worlds resources are currently used by just 20% of the worlds population.our overconsumption must be addressed now to make our lives more sustainable (可持续的) and avoid continuing the terrible damage to the environment we are causing. the key is education. if we do not work towards this but instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find ourselves living on a planet that can no longer sustain human life.1. according to the author, what causes our current and future global problems? a. the increase in population. b. shortage of food and water. c. the fast growth of material needs. d. failure to protect the environment.2. the underlined word “myth” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.a. fact b. misconceptionc. possibilityd. uncertainty3. the author stresses that _. a. people should save food and water b. economists are making wrong predictions c. wrong judgment leads to serious consequences d. measures should be taken to reduce population4. what is mainly discussed in the passage? a. the real cause of global problems. b. the severe effect of overpopulation. c. reasonable use of natural resources. d. methods to reduce overconsumption.【参考答案】cb c.a【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。for decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about hiv: only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers catch the virus. tests show, though, that hiv is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives.now, a group of scientists and doctors from duke university has figured outwhy these babies dont get infected. human breast milk naturally contains a protein calledtenascin cthat neutralizes hiv and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an hiv-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are either hiv-positive or at risk of contracting the infection.the research, published inproceedings of the national academy of sciences, was inspired byprevious workby other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures (组织培养) and live mice, breast milk fromhiv-negativemothers was naturallyendowed withhiv-fighting properties. scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one.as part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions (部分) made up of specific proteins via a number of filters (过滤) separating the proteins by size, electrical charge and othercharacteristicsand tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by hiv. eventually, theyfound that one particular protein was present in all the hiv-resistant fractions but in none of the others: tenascin c.tenascin c works by blocking a key protein onhivs envelopethat normally ties up to a receptor on a t cells membrane called ccr5. in doing so, tenascin c prevents hiv from mixing with the t cell and injecting its rna inside.still, the researchers say that other natural elements in milk might play a role in fighting hiv as well. “its clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have hiv-neutralizing activity,” the studys lead author permar says.“so it may be actingin concert withother antiviral and antimicrobial factors in the milk.”whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (证明的正确) recent changes toun guidelinesthatrecommend even hiv-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if theyre taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection.the next steps, permar says, are determining which area of tenascin c is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. if it works, it could potentially beincorporated(合并) into an hiv drug with broader applications. its evenpossiblethat it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of hiv transmission in adults as well as infants.63. what is the main idea of paragraph 1?a. the breast milk from an infected mother doesnt contain hiv at all.b. its less likely for infants feeding on infected mothers breast milk to catch hiv.c. the possibilities of infants catching hiv have nothing to do with infected mothers.d. children breastfed by infected mothers wont catch hiv though exposed to it frequently.64. why did the researchers divide breast milk into smaller fractions?a. to find out tenascin c.b. to make up specific proteins.c. to add them to a tissue culture.d. to test what prevents cells being infected.65. which of the following about tenascin c is true?a. it has become an effective tool in fighting hiv.b. it was first found by permar and her research group.c. it can prevent transmission in a live animal effectively.d. it can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of hiv.66. what can we know about permar and her research group according to the passage?a. they have found a cure for hiv.b. they have helped changeun guidelines.c. they will do more researches on tenascin c.d. their finding is based on their previous work.【参考答案】63. b64. d65. d 66. c【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。he leant down to the pickpocket. the heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.“thats better,” mallon said. “can you stand up? try to stand up. here,” he said, and gripped the pickpockets arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. as the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at mallon with his dark eyes.“how could you?”they asked.mallon might have said, “because you tried to steal from me.” but he was still conscious of the flush of joy hed felt when his blow struck home when he knew hed hurt the man. where that joy came from he couldnt say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.fat drops of rain began to patter on theawning(雨篷).“how are you?” mallon said. “can you walk?” the pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. a gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. when the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping.“i have to go,” mallon said. “im sorry.” he looked up at the sky. “im sorry,” he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street.one of the bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. he didnt want to look back but did. it was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the bangladeshi had opened for him.the pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. the woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.“excuse me, madam,” mallon said, coming up to them. “this man isnt well. he needs to rest a moment.”“i know these people,” she said. “our romans dont want them here.”the rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpockets shinyscalpand face, down his leather jacket.“here,” mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. “go on take it!” he said. and finally, with a beaten, unwilling look, the pickpocket did.and that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sendinga lot ofwater over his shoes. he opened the door but couldnt help looking back. the pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on theshaft, head low, neck bared to the sky.“wait,” mallon said to the driver. he went back and grabbed the pickpockets sleeve and pulled him to the cab. “get in,” mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. he leaned inside. “o.k., where do you live?”“no gypsies!” the driver said. he was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.“gypsy? look, hes not well. ill pay,” mallon added.the driver shook his head. “no gypsies. get him out,”mallon looked at the drivers nameplate: michele kadare. “its the law,” he said, “if you dont take us, signor kadare, ill report you and youll lose your license. believe me i am quite serious.”the driver fastened those pale eyes on mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. he raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and mallon exchanged stares.“o.k., mr. american,” he said. “you pay.”67. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?a. mallon shouldnt have saved the pickpocket.b. the pickpocket didnt thank mallon for his offer.c. the pickpocket blamed mallon for his failure to steal.d. mallon must have beaten the pickpocket before helping him.68. where should the sentence “he hesitated, then turned back.” be placed?a. between paragraphs 5 and 6.b. between paragraphs 6 and 7.c. between paragraphs 7 and 8.d. between paragraphs 8 and 9.69. from the attitudes of the woman and the driver towards the pickpocket, we can conclude that _.a. the gypsies had a bad reputation in romeb. the pickpocket frequently stole around the womans storec. everyone was protected by the law in rome except the gypsiesd. the pickpocket couldnt purchase anything in the womans store70. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. the taxi didnt take the pickpocket to his house in the end.b. the pickpocket succeeded in stealing something from mallon.c. the pickpocket was a little suspicious of mallons intention to help him.d. the umbrella seller gave an umbrella to mallon free of charge.【参考答案】67. b68. c69. a70. c【2014高考英语广东省佛山市质测试题】b if you hear the sound of a mobile phone beeping in a bag or pocket, you could be forgiven for thinking that someone has received a text message. but nowadays there are so many different ways of messaging someone that it could spell the death of the traditional text as we know it. text messaging, or texting, is the art of sending a short, electronic message between two mobile phones or tablets(平板电脑) but in the last few years, messaging in this manner has been on the decline. the rise of smartphones and tablets has seen an increase in the use of instant messaging apps(应用程序)， which offer a cheap alternative to conventional texts. using wireless internet connections or mobile data networks, people can send limitless numbers of instant messages to their friends for very little cost. unlike traditional mobile texts, the user usually only has to pay to download the app once, after which each message they send is free. web developers soon got the message. instant messaging apps have become popular all over the world. whatsapp in america and europe, wechat in china and kakaotalk in south korea are but a few which have attracted hundreds of millions of people, who use the apps to chat to their friends in real time. these apps allow people to send picture messages for free-something which previously was quite costly. research firm informa said that almost 19 billion messages were sent per day using chat apps in 2012, compared with 17.6 billion sms(short message service) texts. and it expects the chat app market to gro