北京市东城区高考英语阅读理解学生联合自选（5）(1).doc

北京市东城区2014高考英语阅读理解学生联合自选（5）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a one day, a slave owner entered a local store and threatened a young boy who was his slave. at first, the slave refused to move and ran for the door. the slave owner reached for a heavy weight. he threw it at his slave. instead, it hit harriet on the head. harriet almost died. for the rest of her life, she carried the mark of a deep wound on her head. miser brodas felt he never needed harriet. he decided to sell her. harriet thought of a way to prevent this. each time she was shown to someone who might buy her, she acted as if she were falling asleep. after a while, mister brodas gave up the hope of selling harriet. he sent her back to the fields. at 24 she married a free black man, john tubman. by then, harriet was sure she should escape. in 1849, mister brodas died. his slaves probably would be sold to further south. john tubman tried to make harriet forget about running away. harriet decided she must end her marriage and that she needed to tell her family that she was leaving. harriet escaped for pennsylvania where slavery was banned there. once she hid under hay that had been cut from the fields. another time, she wore mens clothing. finally, she arrived in pennsylvania. now that harriet was free, she didnt forget other slaves in maryland. during the next ten years, she freed her parents and other family members. she traveled back and forth eighteen times, helping about 300 slaves escape. she became an expert at hiding from slave hunters. at one time, anyone finding harriet was promised 40,000dollars for catching herdead or alive. the people she helped called her moses. she had rescued them from slavery just as the biblical moses rescued the jews. after the civil war began, harriet started to spy for the north. she also served as a nurse. after four years of bloody fighting, the north won the war. abraham lincoln freed the slaves in 1863. there was no longer any need for harriet to be moses.56. harriet was hit by a heavy weight on her head when . a. she was helping a slave run away b. she was playing with a young boy c. she was staying at the local store d. she was running for the door of the store57. we know from the passage that harriet was mister brodas . a. daughter b. slave c. wife d. servant58. harriet decided to end her marriage with john mainly because . a. she lived a terribly unhappy life b. he often stopped her running away c. he couldnt give her right and freedom d. she wanted to save her family members59. why was harriet called moses just like moses in the bible? a. she devoted most of her life to helping slaves escape. b. she became an expert at hiding from slave hunters. c. she made a contribution to the north in the civil war. d. she traveled back to maryland eighteen times.60. the passage is mainly about . a. how harriet rescued her family from the south to the north b. how harriet became a famous woman in the civil war c. how harriet fought against slavery in her life d. how harriet turned from a slave to a free woman【】56-60 cbbac 阅读理解 when joan gave birth to the first boy in her family in three generations, she and her husband were overjoyed. so were her parents. joan expected her elder sister, sally, to be just as delighted as them. joan had always admired sally-the beauty and the star of the family-and felt happy about her achievements. but since the babys arrival, the sisters have become distant. joan feels hurt for sally seems completely uninterested in her baby. sally, who has no children, claims that her younger sister acts as if no one ever had a beby before. neither sally nor joan understands that the real cause of the current coldness is that their family roles have suddenly changed to the opposite. finally joan seems to be better than her elder sister-and sally doesnt like it! their distance may be temporary, but it shows that childhood competition dont fade easily as ages grow. it can remain powerful in relationships throughout life. in a study of the university of cincinnati,65 men and women between ages 25 and 93 were asked how they felt about their brothers and sisters. nearly 75 percent admitted having hidden competitive feelings. in a few cases, these emotions were so strong as to have affected their entire lives. many adult brothers and sisters are close, supportive-yet still tend to compete. two brothers i know turn into killers when on opposite sides of a tennis net. off the court, they are the best of friends. my own younger sister cant wait to tell me when ive put on weight. however, shes a terrible cook and that pleases me; i tease her when she comes to dinner. happily, despite these small failings, we have been an important resource for each other. in between the very competitive and the generally supportive children lie those who say that no friendship should survive. some brothers and sisters stay at arms length, hut never give up competition completely. why do these puzzling, unproductive, often painful relationships continue to exist?36. when joans son was born, sally .a. felt very happyb. was undelightedc. moved awayd. admired her a lot【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据sally seems completely uninterested in her baby. sally感到不高兴，故选b。37. what happens to childrens desire to compete with their brothers and sisters?a. it sometimes will disappear when they grow up.b. it will never disappear throughout life.c. it will improve their relationships when they grow up.d. it will never harm their relationships when they grow up.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据it shows that childhood competition dont fade easily as ages grow. it can remain powerful in relationships throughout life.在他们的一生中都存在对孩子渴望的竞争，故选b。38. what can we learn about the two brothers?a. they wanted to kill each other.b. they played tennis against others.c. they were enemies in their daily life.d. they were very good friends.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据they are the best of friends.两个兄弟是好朋友，故选d。39. why does the authors sister often tell her when shes put on weight?a. because she wants the author to go on a diet.b. because she wants the author to stop calling her a bad cook.c. because she wants to make fun of the authors weight.d. because she wants to be honest with the author.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据i tease her when she comes to dinner. happily, despite these small failings, we have been an important resource for each other.她想取笑作者的体重，故选c。40. the underlined sentence means that although some brothers and sisters .a. live near each other, they still have competitionsb. live away from each other, they stop their competitionsc. live together, they often think of ending their competitionsd. live within a big family, they often try to end their competitions【答案】a【解析】句意理解题。根据in between the very competitive and the generally supportive children lie those who say that no friendship should survive.可推出兄弟姐妹虽然住得很近，但是他们之间仍然存在竞争，故选a。阅读理解-b pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserableespecially if youre a woman, according to a new study. researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and faking(假装的)happiness simply led to people feeling gloomier. so, putting a brave face on your woes could actually be counterproductive. the research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. psychologist, dr. brent scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when workers were dealing with clients could backfire (产生事的愿违的不良后果). he said:“smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and thats bad for the organization.” dr. scott said the research showed customer service workers who“faked smiles”throughout a day worsened their moods and then withdrew from work, so their productivity dropped. he added:“bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but thats not necessarily the case.”dr. scott, assistant professor of management at michigan state university, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two week period. the study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effects that they have on men and women. his team examined the effects of“surface acting”or fake smilingcompared to what was termed“deep acting”, or cultivating positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.dr. scott said: “women were harmed more bysurface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men and they withdrew more from work. however , they were helped more bydeep acting,which meant their moods improved more.”dr. scott suggested women tended to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they were expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. therefore, faking a smile while they are feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.although,“deep acting”seemed to improve moods in the short term, dr. scott said it was not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.he said:“youre trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more”61. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean? a. forcing one to smile could make one feel better b. wearing a fake smile could worsen ones mood c. always smiling could improve ones performance d. wearing a fake smile could help one free from sadness62. the finding of the research might serve as a warning to . a. men b. employees c. customers d. bosses63. according to dr. brent scott, . a. most bus drivers have to wear“fake smiles” b. “fake smiles”workers work better than usual c. “fake smiles”might lead to lower productivity d. bosses know the negative effect of forced smiles64. it can be inferred from paragraph 4 that . a. pleasant memories are associated with positive feelings b. men suffer more from fake smiling, compared to women c. women should smile a lot when faced with new challenges d. few employers know how to increase the productivity of their staff65.“deep acting”is helpful to women in that . a. they forget their trouble b. they will behave normally c. they become more talkative d. their moods are getting better【参考答案】61-65 bdcad 阅读理解-d taxi, the underground, drivingin london these means of transport are expensive. as a student on a budget, i couldnt afford the 30 pounds (around 300 yuan) fare for a taxi. even a bus was one pound and 20 pence (about 12 yuan) for a single ticket. i didnt need to travel this way anyway. i had mabel- my london bike. when i moved to beijing, like every foreigner, i was delighted to discover i could take a cab for cheaper than a single journey on the subway. but something was wrong. i missed mabel. that was when i met mandarin mabel also known as mandy, my beijing bike. in many ways, beijing is made for: it is a flat, easy land compared with hilly london. the cycling citys north/south/east/west square structure is also easier to travel than londons unplanned, twisting streets. however, beijing comes completely with its own dangers. the rules of the road areflexible. bikes, cars, passers-by all float up and down ways in both directions. compared with londons terrible cycle paths, in beijing, every road has huge, wide cycle ways. but cars, taxis and motorbikes see no reason why they shouldnt use the cycle ways as a shortcut, and why they shouldnt announce you to get out of their way when they do. beijing traffic is more good-natured. in london, the road is an active war. people shout, quarrel and beat on each others windows. in beijing zone, drivers never get actively angry. in fact, often they ignore cyclists. obviously that means its up to the cyclists to see them. mandy is a tree beijing bike. it is nearly broken, it makes loud noises every time you ride on it, and i have had to make several emergency repair stops for it. but cycling round beijing on a sunny day is a joy. it is just me, mandy and the city.41. what can we conclude from the first paragraph?a. bicycles are the most popular means of transport in london.b. to save money, the author used travel around by bus in london.c. the expense of public transport makes some people want to buy a bike.d. the author didnt travel around london because of lacking a bike.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据taxi, the underground, drivingin london these means of transport are expensive.乘坐其他的公共交通费用是高的，所以一些人想要买自行车，故选c。42. what does the author think of cycling around beijing?a. the citys twisting streets make it hard for the rider to find the way. b. cars, taxis and motorbikes on the cycle lane pose a threat to cyclists. c. with the flat land and wide cycle lanes, its safer to cycle in beijing than in london.d. cycling in bejing is safe because of its flex