高考英语题型步步衔接 专题19 科普阅读.doc

19 科普阅读【母题来源】【2015湖北卷高考阅读理解】【母题原题】【2015湖北卷】dthe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. here are some examples.first consider something as simple as sleep. its position presents its own challenges. the main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. if you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “im an inside guy,” mike hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the international space station. “i like to be wrapped up.” on the station, the ordinary becomes strange. the exercise bike for the american astronauts has no handlebars. it also has no seat. with no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. you can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. but station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. you can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.leroy chiao, 54, an american retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”your inner ear thinks yourre falling . meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. that can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.” within a couple days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. for instance, astronauts lose bone mass. thats why exercise is considered so vital that national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) puts it right on the workday schedule. the focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to mars.63.what is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?a. deciding on a proper sleep positionb. choosing a comfortable sleeping bagc. seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyd. finding a right time to go to sleep.64.the astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _.a. the y circle around on their bikesb. they use microcomputers without a stopc. they exercise in one place for a long timed. they watch a movie while pedaling65.some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.a. their senses stop workingb. they have to stand up straightc. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyd. whether they are able to go back to the station66.one of the nasas major concerns about astronauts is _.a. how much exercise they do on the stationb. how they can remain healthy for long in spacec. whether they can recover after returning homed. whether they are able to go back to the station【参考答案】a c d b【命题意图】本题考查了学生的阅读理解能力和基本的科普知识。【考试方向】考查科普类阅读理解。【得分要点】科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解命题的重点，文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，主要考查学生对语篇的整体把握和领悟能力以及对特定细节的认读和处理能力。考生应注意：1.平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。2.熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题（高考题中一般不给出标题）、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部分构成。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这部分是命题的重点，考生应该重点把握。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，考生一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。1. six seconds after its launch in virginia, us, an unmanned rocket bound for the international space station （iss） exploded, disappointing people both on earth and in spacehundreds of millions of dollars worth of cargo was destroyed in the oct 28 explosion due to an“equipment failure”, said orbital sciences, the company hired by nasa for the resupply missionthe rocket was carrying a cargo ship loaded with 2,200 kilograms of supplies such as food, tools, parts, and experiments roughly a third of the cargo was a series of scientific investigations some of them were from high school students in the us for example, 10 students from the cristo rey jesuit college preparatory school of houston were conducting experiments about microgravity and put their samples on the rocket “i know that failure is a part of science, but i really feel sorry for my students, science teacher greg adragna told the houston, chronicle astronauts at the iss felt a more urgent disappointment, however the cargo included 617kg of food now they will have to rely on supplies from a russian launch on oct 29launched in 1998 and involving the us, russia, canada, japan, and the member countries of the european space agency, the iss is one of the most ambitious international collaborations in history currently, there are six astronauts at the station, five male and one female three are from russia, two are from the us, and one is from germany they have lived together for about six months the station gets regular resupplies from earth, using unmanned spacecrafts food is always a big part of the supplies most of the food is frozen and ready to eat, and often tastes bad-somewhat like trying to eat when you have a heavy coldto make space life better, however, scientists have made breakthroughs earlier this year, russian astronauts managed to grow a variety of crops aboard the station next year they are going to try to grow rice and other plants and, as transporting water to space is expensive, astronauts are looking for ways to recycle water astronauts on board the iss already drink water distilled from sweat and urine尿） , russian news agency ria novosti reportedis that the reason the astronauts were so disappointed not to get the water from the failed resupply mission, by any chance?1 what is the author-s main purpose in writing the article?ato explain what caused the explosion of nasa-s unmanned rocketbto inform us of the explosion of nasa-s unmanned rocket and its effectscto tell us about astronauts lives at the international space stationdto tell us how the world reacted to the explosion of nasa-s unmanned rocket2 the underlined word “cargo” in the second paragraph is closet in meaning toa goods b equipmentc food supply d investigation3how did teacher greg adragna feel about the explosion of the rocket?a angry b anxiousc frustrated d unconcerned4we can conclude from the article that the situation seemed for astronauts on board the iss when the rocket explodeda hopeless b interestingc depressing d dangerous5which of the following statements is true about the iss, according to the article?a half of the astronauts at the iss are from the usb the iss was set up by four countriesc the water that astronauts at the iss drink is mainly made by recyclingd most of the food astronauts eat at the iss is frozen and tastes bad【答案】1b2a3c4c5d考点：考查新闻阅读2not long ago, few little girls imagined they could grow up to be astronauts. in 1983, that changed. sally ride made history by becoming the first american woman to travel into space.ride died at the age of 61. “sally was a national hero and a powerful role model,” president barack obama said in a statement.ride became interested in space when she was a kid. “if you asked me when i was 12 whether i wanted to be an astronaut, im sure i would have said yes,” she told tfk in a 2010 interview. “but i didnt even think about that as a possible career.”after studying physics in college and graduate school, ride got her chance. she was accepted into nasas astronaut training program in 1978, and then chosen to be the first american female in space. in 1983, she blasted into space aboard the challenger shuttle. “there is no amusement park ride on earth that even comes close. it cant be more wonderful,” she said.ride returned to space on the challenger a second time in 1984. in the two missions, she spent a total of 343 hours in orbit. after that, she remained involved with the space program and also worked to share her passion for space with kids. she wrote five science books about space for children, and started her own science education company.ride knew that she held a unique place in history. “i realized how important it was for a woman to break that barrier and open the door for other women to be able to do the same exciting things that men had been doing,” she said.since rides h