食人主义和女性主义翻译ppt课件

CannibalistApproaches Long standingnotionofthetranslation inferiortotheoriginalRecentworkintranslationstudieshaschallengedthisnotion andamajorsourceofthatchallengecomesfromthedomainsofthefearsomecannibals whichisoriginatedfromBrazil Onceuponatime inthe16thcentury inwhatisnowBrazil membersoftheTupinambatribedevouredaCatholicpriest FatherSardinha ThedevouringofthepriestisnotanillogicalactonthepartoftheTupinamba andmayevenbesaidtohavebeenanactofhomage Inthe1920s agroupofBrazilianwritersreturnedtothatstoryinanattempttorethinktherelationshipwhichLatinAmericanshadwithEurope forEuropewasregardedasthegreatOriginal thestartingpoint andthecolonieswerethereforecopies or translations ofEurope whichtheyweresupposedtoduplicate ThemetaphorofcannibalismisproposedinOswalddeAndrade sManifestoAntropofago 1928 asawayforwardforBrazilianculture Thecannibalisticmetaphorintranslationstudieshascometobeusedtodemonstratetotranslatorswhattheycandowithatext Fromthe1960s withthepoeticalworkofthedeCamposbrothers themetaphorhasbeenusedbythestrongBraziliantranslation studiescommunitytostandfortheexperienceofcolonizationandtranslation thecolonizersandtheirlanguagearedevoured theirlifeforceinvigoratingthedevourers butinanewpurifiedandenergizedformthatisappropriatetotheneedsofthenativepeoples Translation accordingtoHaraldodeCamposwhoseworkisdiscussedindetailbyElseVieiramaybelikenedtoabloodtransfusion wheretheemphasisisonthehealthandnourishmentofthetranslator ForMunday 2001 137 theBraziliancannibalistsarestronglyinfluencedbyWesternthinkers especiallytheexperimentalworkofEzraPoundandWalterBenjamin andtheconceptofthetransformationalstrengthof pure language Forthemoment however itisimportanttobeawarethatthesedifferentpostcolonialwritingsontranslationhavefoundtheirechowithinEuropespecificallyintheIrishcontext FeministApproaches Theissueofgenderasanimportantanalyticalcategoryhasitsrootsinthewomen smovementthatbeganinthelate1960 sinNorthAmericaandWesternEurope Feministsbegantoexaminethesocio culturalprocessesthatdeterminedwoman sinferiorstatusinsociety Later feministtheoristsshiftedtheirfocusfromsocial political orpsychoanalyticalsubjugationsofwomen toexaminationsofthewayslanguageitselfwhichisameansbywhichwomenhavebeenrelegatedtoaninferiorstatus silencingtheirartisticexpression Translationdealswithlanguagetransfer thusissuesofgenderhavenecessarilyimpactedthefieldoftranslationstudies Thefeministtheoristsseeaparallelbetweenthestatusoftranslation whichisoftenconsideredtobederivativeandinferiortooriginalwriting andthatofwomen sooftenrepressedinsocietyandliterature Thecoreoffeministtranslationtheoryseekstoidentifyandcriticizethetangleofconceptswhichrelegatesbothwomenandtranslationtothebottomofthesocialandliteraryladder Forfeministtranslation fidelityistobedirectedtowardneithertheauthornorthereader buttowardthewritingproject aprojectinwhichbothwriterandtranslatorparticipate Thetaskoffeministtranslationtheoristsistoexaminetheprocessesthroughwhichtranslationsustainsandstimulatesgenderconstructs Thismaybedonebyaddressingissuessuchasreevaluationoftranslations interventionistmethods interrogationofgenderedtermsandlinguisticconstructions etc Andbyseekingwaystotransformhistoricallyclich translationpractices Genderawarenessintranslationpracticeposesquestionsaboutthelinksbetweensocialstereotypesandlinguisticforms aboutthepoliticsoflanguageandculturaldifference abouttheethicsoftranslation andaboutrevivinginaccessibleworksforcontemporaryreaders Ithighlightstheimportanceoftheculturalcontextinwhichthetranslationisdone InherGenderinTranslation culturalidentityandthepoliticsoftransmission 1996 SherrySimonstatesthattranslationisnotsimpletransfer butthecontinuationofaprocessofmeaningcreation thecirculationofmeaningwithinarevivingnetworkoftextsandsocialdiscourses Developedthroughthe culturalturn intranslationstudiesin1980s thisideaclearlymovestranslationawayfromutopiannotionsof fidelity tosomeauthoritativeoriginaltext Instead itallowstranslationtobeviewedasaformofrewritingwithinaspecifichistorical social andculturalcontext thiskindofwritingalwaysalsoimplicatesthetranslator ssubjectivity Simonapproachestranslationfromagender studiesangle Sheseesalanguageofsexismintranslationstudies withitsimagesofdominance fidelity faithfulnessandbetrayal GenderisthesubjectiveandideologicalinfluenceontranslationthatSimonisconcernedwith Showinghowthegrowinginfluenceoffeminismscoincidedwiththedevelopinginterestinculturalstudiesandtranslationstudiesinthemid 1980s Simon sbookexplorestheconjunctureoftheserelativelynewfieldsofacademicinvestigation InthetheoreticalfirstchapterofGenderinTranslation Simonexaminestheprojectof feministtranslation asitdevelopedinCanadainthe1970sand1980swhenexperimentalfeministtextsfromQuebecweretranslatedintoEnglish Here sheexploresfeministtheoriesoflanguage onthetraditionallysexistmetaphoricsoftranslation andonthe abusive useoflanguagebyfeministwriters Simon sGenderinTranslationisanimportantandveryreadablebook Itbringsgenderissuesintotranslationstudiesinaseriesofstimulatingtheoreticaldiscussionsandwell documentedcasestudies Italsoexploitscontemporaryinterestsingenderissuestopointtotheimmensefieldoftranslationasinterculturalcommunicationandinfluence asamanipulative abortiveorstrategiccommunicationprocess andasafactorintheevolutionofcommunitiesandpowers AnotherimportantfigurewhoapproachestranslationstudiesfromthefeministperspectiveisLuisevonFlotowwhoseTranslationandGender translatinginthe eraoffeminism 1997 2004 confirmstheleadingroleCanadiansplayinfeministtranslationstudies VonFlotowmanagestounfoldinherworkacomplexargumentaboutrevolutionaryimpactofgenderontranslationpractice historyandtheoryovertherecentthreedecades AccordingtovonFlotow afavorableculturalcontextforfeministtranslationwascreatedaroundthe1970sbythewomen smovement whichbroughtgenderintoacademicdiscussionsandredefinedlanguageasapowerfulpoliticaltool Feministexperimentalwritingcontributedtopoliticizingtranslatorsandinitiatedawaveofnewtranslationpractices includingtranslatingthebody culturalpuns andwordplay assertingthepresenceofthefeministtranslatingsubject andrecoveringwomen swriting lost inpatriarchy Thegoaloffeministtranslation viewedas rewritinginthefeminine istomakewomenvisibleinlanguage Theoriesoftranslationrevealincreasinggenderawareness drawingattentiontothe translation effect asatraceofthetranslator sgenderedagencyinthetext Thisagencyoftenassumestheformofannotationsorcriticalcommentariesaccompanyingthetranslation Feministtheoristsposequestionsaboutth