【三维设计】高考英语总复习（课前体验领悟+课堂考前讲练+课后演练提升+模拟题为例）“语法专题”训练 专题五 名词性从句（含解析）.doc

专题五名词性从句课前体验领悟用适当的连接词填空1that you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure to report.2you know i gave up the job as a waiter and went to that little company.thats where youve made a mistake. that company isnt well managed.3the question was put forward at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.4evidence has been piled up that drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to ones health.5mr. li, our teacher of english, talked with me face to face, which made me recognize how silly mistakes i had made.课堂考前讲练主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，常用it作形式主语。引导主语从句的词有：that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how等。it doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.(2012天津高考)在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。it suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.(2012江西高考)他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。what was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。what made her so upset?that she failed in her midterm examination.(主语从句，that不充当成分)什么使她那么伤心？她期中考试失败(使她那么伤心)。1(2012山东高考)it doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. ahowbwhethercwhat dwhy 解析：句意：在这家商店里，无论你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都可以。由it doesnt matter“没关系”可知后面的意思应该是“无论(不管)还是”，又根据题干中的关键词or就很容易确定选b项，构成固定搭配whether . or .。how“如何”；what“什么”；why“为什么”，均不符合题意。答案：b2(2012新课标全国卷)it is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.ahow bwhichcthat dwhat解析：句意：总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是从句what the president can do to end the strike。在从句中，what作do的宾语。答案：d3(2012安徽高考)the limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.awhere bwhethercthat dwhy解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether。答案：b 宾语从句1.由关联词that引导的宾语从句。由关联词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。he said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。2由who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。i want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。she always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样把工作做好。3在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。in recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn english from an early age.(2012南京金陵中学模拟)近几年来，关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。4that, what引导宾语从句的区别。在宾语从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。the message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾语)(2011上海高考)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.(that不充当成分)(2012宝鸡二检)伽利略发现，不管他进行多少次试验，结果都一样。5有些动词或动词短语，如like, hate, appreciate, hide, depend on, see to等， 一般不直接跟宾语从句，需要在从句前加上it。he took it that we were to stay here for the night.他以为我们要在这里过夜。i dont like it when you look at me like that!我不喜欢你那样看我。1(2012北京高考)jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.awhy bhowcthat dwhether解析： 考查宾语从句。句意：jerry不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。that he could have expressed it differently是由that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。答案：c2(2012四川高考)scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.awhen bhowcthat dwhether解析：考查名词性从句。句意：科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。分析句子结构可知study后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故选b项。答案：b3(2011山东高考)weve offered her the job, but i dont know_shell accept it.awhere bwhatcwhether dwhich解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经给她提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受，故选whether，意为“是否”。答案：c4(2013北京西城区高三期末)after_ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office.athat bhowcwhat dwhy解析：考查宾语从句。此处after用作介词，“_ seemed an endless wait”为宾语从句，因从句中缺少主语，所以用what。注意that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分。答案：c同位语从句1.同位语从句常放在fact, news, doubt, problem, promise, idea等名词后面，常用的引导词有that, who, whether, why, where, when等。i made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(2012浙江高考)我向自己保证：今年我高中的第一年将会是不同寻常的一年。i have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.我不知道经理不在时，谁会负责公司的业务。2that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。as a matter of fact, the news (that/which) he told me yesterday is true. (that/which引导定语从句，也可以省略)实际上，他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。1(2012重庆高考)evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.awhy bhowcwhether dthat解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故选连词that。答案：d2(2013银川部分重点中学模拟)up to now, i havent got any idea _ we should go on with the project.athat bwhethercwhat dwhich解析：考查同位语从句。根据句中的“i havent got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程，故选b，引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。a项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。答案：b表语从句引导表语从句的词有that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how, because等。i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays.thats where i dont agree. you should have a more active life.(2010江苏高考)在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极的生活。as is known to us, china is no longer what she used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。one reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(表语从句)(2010上海高考)她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。1(2011山东高考)im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is_ he never finishes anything.athat bwhencwhere dwhy解析：考查表语从句。很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选why。答案：d2(2011陕西高考)id like to start my own business thats_ id do if i had the money.awhy bwhencwhich dwhat解析：考查表语从句。句意：我想自己做生意那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将a和b排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况。不合逻辑，故用what。答案：d“疑问词ever”引导的名词性从句“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。there are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(2012宁夏六校联考)有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable and easy to get on with.(2012海滨第二学期期中练习)每个人都喜欢和值得信任并且容易相处的人一起工作。whatever/no matter what you say, i will not believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。1(2012福建高考)we promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.awho bwhomcwhoever dwhomever解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。本句中promise sb. sth.表示“答应某人某事”，whoever引导一个宾语从句，作promise的间接宾语，且whoever在宾语从句中作主语，故选c。答案：c2(2012陕西高考)as many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.awhatever bwhichevercwhenever dwherever解析：考查名词性从句。句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以选择最适合你的一门。在一定范围内选择某一个用whichever。whichever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。答案：b3(2012辽宁高考)the newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about mark twain. awherever bhowevercwhatever dwhichever解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个新来的人前几天去了图书馆，搜寻他能找到的关于马克吐温的资料。空处所填词引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作find的宾语，指物，根据句意可知选whatever。答案：c课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013青岛一检)can we finish our task by the weekend?it all depends on_ we can get mr. smiths cooperation.athatbwhatcwhether dif解析：考查名词性从句。句意：“这个周末我们能完成任务吗？”“这完全取决于我们能否得到smith先生的合作。”on是介词，后面接宾语从句，空处表示“是否”，应用whether。答案：c2(2013南通一调)sometimes，_ we show our gratitude for a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.awhen bwhethercwhy dhow解析：考查名词性从句。句意：有时候，我们如何表达对一个人的感激反映在我们为他或她所提供的食物种类上。分析句子结构可知，“we show our gratitude for a person”是主语从句，且空处表示方式，故用how。答案：d3(2013湖南十二校二次联考)when it comes to online shopping, theres now an agreement_ it has gained popularity due to its convenience and excellent service.athat bwhycwhich dhow解析：考查同位语从句。句意：谈到网购时，大家一致认为由于其方便且服务好，它越来越流行了。空处引导同位语从句，对抽象名词agreement进行解释说明，且从句信息完整，不缺成分，故选that。答案：a4(2012合肥二检)_ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in china.athat bwhycwhat dwhether解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：在中国，女大学毕业生现在谋求到一份工作似乎相当困难。分析句子结构可知，“female college graduates get a job”是主语从句，且从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用that。答案：a5(2013长沙模考)today, our schools are _ we send our children to get a practical education not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.awhere bwhatcfrom where din which解析：考查表语从句。句意：今天，我们的学校是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方而不是(让他们)为了知识而追求知识的地方。分析句子结构可知，“we send our . for the sake of knowledge”是表语从句，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where。答案：a6(2013福州质检)some students even have no idea of_ they are studying, so they waste much time playing.awhat bwhencwhy dwhere解析：考查宾语从句。句意：有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。 根据句意可知，应用why引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。答案：c7(2012杭州二检)what is concerning us greatly is_ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.athat bwhatcwhen dwhich解析：考查名词性从句。句意：最让我们担心的是昨天被困在那个地区的工人们什么时间能够获得自由。根据句意可知，应用when引导表语从句。答案：c8(2013三明质检)jack failed the driving test again.the question is_ we can help him avoid making the same mistakes.ahow bwhycwhat dwhom解析：考查名词性从句。答句句意：问题是我们该如何帮他避免犯同样的错误。根据句意可知，应用how引导该表语从句。答案：a9(2013安徽皖北协作区高三联考)no matter how far you may fly, never forget_ you come from.awhen bhowcwhere dwhat解析：考查宾语从句。句意：不管你会飞多远，永远不要忘记你来自哪里。分析句子结构可知，“you come from”是宾语从句，空处在从句中作宾语，另外根据句意可知，应选where。答案：c10(2013河南洛阳高三统考)after ten hours drive, they finally reached_ they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.athat bwhichcwhere dwhat解析：考查名词性从句。句意：经过10个小时的行驶，他们最后来到了那个他们认为的梦寐以求的地方。“they thought was the place .”是宾语从句，且空处在从句中作主语，故用what。答案：d11(2012河南三地高三第二次调研)you never know _ happiness will turn up next, so grasp every chance around you.awhen bwherecwhy dhow解析：考查名词性从句。句意：你永远不会知道幸福接下来会在哪里出现，所以你要抓住身边的每一个机会。根据后面的“around you”可知，此处强调的是地点，故用where。答案：b12(2013唐山高三第一次模拟)this book teaches you how to find_ is causing the stress in your life.awhich bthatcwhat dhow解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ is causing the stress in your life”在句中作find的宾语，空处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语，故用what。答案：c13(2013陕西五校一模)why didnt you chat with that friendly foreigner just now?id like to, but the trouble was_ he said was difficult for me to understand.awhat which bthat whatcthat that dwhat that解析：句意：“你刚才怎么不和那个友善的外国人聊了啊？”“我是想聊，但问题是他说的话对于我来说太难听懂了。”这里that引导表语从句，而表语从句的主语是由what引导的主语从句。答案：b14(2013浙江调研测试)_is surprising is that there are so many chinese restaurants in toronto.ait bthatcsuch dwhat解析：句意：令人吃惊的是，在多伦多有这么多中国饭店。what is surprising是主语从句，what在从句中作主语。答案：d15(2013福建四校联考)as far as i see，_ is no possibility_ he will win the tennis match this time.ait; that bthere; thatcit; whether dthere; whether解析：there is no possibility表示“是不可能的”；第二个空应用that引导同位语从句，解释说明possibility的内容，且在从句中不作成分。答案：b16(2013西安第一次质检)the reason for toms failure in the exam was_ he didnt work hard.awhy bbecausecwhether dthat解析：he didnt work hard是that引导的表语从句。“the reason for . is/was that .”表示“的原因是”。答案：d17(2013大连第一次质检)it has been found out_ holding a cellphone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be harmful to your health.awhether bthatcwhere dwhat解析：句意：人们发现，将手机贴在耳边或者塞在口袋里可能有害健康。从语境和句子成分看，这里用that引导主语从句，连词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。答案：b18(2013保定模拟)dont you believe me?_， ill believe_ you say.ayes; whatever byes; no matter whatcno; no matter what dno; whatever解析：考查宾语从句。句意：“难道你不相信我吗？”“不，我相信你说的一切。”whatever引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，no matter what只能用来引导让步状语从句。对否定疑问句的回答要根据事实来回答，根据答语后半句可知用yes。答案：a19(2012合肥模拟)at the evening party the host said_ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.awhoever bwhocno matter who dwhomever解析：考查主语从句。此处whoever anyone who引导主语从句，who可以引导主语从句但表疑问，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。答案：a20(2013石家庄第二次质检)there is no doubt_ international cooperation is the key to_ with cybercrime.awhether; doing bthat; dealingcwhether; do dthat; do解析：考查同位语从句和非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，国际合作是对付网络犯罪的关键所在。there is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”；the key to .“的关键”，to是介词，故用动名词。答案：b.语法与阅读用所学语法知识破译下列长难句1(2012重庆高考阅读e)in his 1930 essay “economic possibilities for our grandchildren”， john keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows.结构分析本句是一个复合句。句子主干是：john keynes wrote .。句中a famous economist是john keynes的同位语；that引导的是宾语从句，作wrote的宾语；which are independent of what others have和which make us feel superior to our fellows是定语从句，分别修饰先行词absolute needs和relative needs；what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。尝试翻译著名经济学家约翰凯恩斯在1930年写的论文我们后代的经济前景中写道：人类的需求可以分为两类一类是绝对的需求，这种需求是与别人无关的；另一类是相对的需求，这种需求的满足能够使我们感觉比他人